Microbiology 204: Cellular and Molecular Immunology

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Microbiology 204: Cellular and Molecular Immunology"

Transcription

1 Microbiology 204: Cellular and Molecular Immunology Class meets MWF 1:00-2:30PM (*exceptions: no class Fri Sept 23, Fri Oct 14, Nov 11, or Wed Nov 23) Lectures are open to auditors and will be live-streamed to Mission Bay and will be recorded Flipped sessions are open to auditors (not recorded or streamed) Discussions are restricted to those enrolled in class (Cliff Lowell Problem sets and review sessions every other week by our TA: Carlos

2 Microbiology 204: Cellular and Molecular Immunology Course web site: Recommended textbook : Janeway s Immunobiology; OR Abbas Pillai, and Lichtman Cellular and Molecular Immunology; ALSO TRY TO READ 3 PAPERS PER LECTURE Grades: 2/3 take-home final and 1/3 participation in discussions My office hours: Mondays 3-4PM HSE1001E or by arrangement (anthony.defranco@ucsf.edu)

3 Microbiology 204: Cellular and Molecular Immunology 1) Keep up! 2) Prepare for the interactive sessions - Flipped classroom sessions: view background lecture in advance; some sessions may have additional preparation required -Discussions: read paper carefully, check assignment page to see if you have a specific assignment or if there are recommended issues to think about in advance 3) Read some original papers beyond the discussions

4 Microbiology 204: Cellular and Molecular Immunology 1) Keep up! 2) Prepare for the interactive sessions - Flipped classroom sessions: view background lecture in advance; some sessions may have additional preparation required -Discussions: read paper carefully, check assignment page to see if you have a specific assignment or if there are recommended issues to think about in advance 3) Read some original papers beyond the discussions 4) Optional TA sessions every other week; first one will get everyone up-to-speed with flow cytometry; last one will give you some tips for take-home exam; in between there are some problem sets ; opportunity to discuss the material.

5 What does the immune system do? It protects us from infections with: 208 viruses 538 bacteria 317 fungi 287 worms 57 parasitic protozoa (CDC numbers) It promotes normal functioning of the body (tissue cleanup, wound repair) It removes abnormal cells including malignant ones But the immune system can also cause disease when it is not doing the right thing (allergies, autoimmunity, transplant rejection, etc.)

6 The players Sentinel cells in tissues Dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells Circulating phagocytes and granulocytes Neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils Lymphocytes: cells which can recognize particular pathogens (but also can cause allergies and autoimmune diseases) B lymphocytes: antibodies T lymphocytes: cell-mediated immunity (also innate lymphoid cells, NK cells, etc.) Tissue cells (epithelial cells, endothelial cells, etc.)

7 Immune sentinel cells in the tissues: dendritic cells Green= dendritic cells Blue= nuclei of all cells Langerhans cells (epidermal dendritic cells) in the skin WJ Mullholland et al. J. Invest. Dermatol. 126: 1541, 2006.

8 Inflammatory mediators are made in response to detection of infection or injury or dendritic cell Inflammatory mediators: -Lipids (prostaglandins, etc.) -Proteins (cytokines/chemokines) TNF Others

9 Cytokines Cytokines : soluble protein mediators secreted by immune cells (mostly) and act on other cells ( cyto ) to regulate their activity ( kine ) Name of a cytokine often doesn t reflect its most important function (example: TNF stands for tumor necrosis factor ) many cytokines are called interleukins (IL-1, IL-2, etc.) Cytokines that direct migration of cells are called chemotactic cytokines or chemokines

10 Cytokines and Inflammation Pro-inflammatory cytokines are many, but especially important: TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 TNF and IL-1 signal to endothelial cells to make them: Leaky to fluid (influx of plasma; containing antibodies, complement components, etc.) Sticky for leukocytes, leading to influx of leukocytes IL-6 promotes adaptive immune responses; systemic effects

11 Leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation or DC

12 The neutrophil is the immune system s first responder Neutrophils are typically the first white blood cells to come into a site of acute inflammation (PLAY MOVIE HERE): Lammermann et al. Nature 498: 371-5, 2013.

13 Phagocytosis and Killing of Microbes Abbas et al. Fig. 2-17

14 Innate Immunity vs. Adaptive immunity Innate immunity utilizes evolved recognition mechanisms and is surprisingly effective, but changes little based on life experience In innate immunity, limited numbers of distinct receptors; recognize highly conserved features of classes of microbes. Adaptive immunity learns from previous experience and hence can protect better upon a second infection by the same agent. Adaptive immunity has a very large number of distinct antigen receptors of T and B lymphocytes; generated by DNA rearrangements in each developing lymphocyte; clonal selection of lymphocytes that recognize an infecting agent

15 Many different antibodies are created by combinations of gene segments

16 Adaptive Immunity: Antibodies I A molecule that induces the production of an antibody is called an antigen A few B cells that recognize the infectious agent become activated, each multiply to form a clone. These progeny then become antibody-secreting factories.

17 The Clonal Selection Hypothesis Generation of lymphocytes of many specificities Clonal deletion to remove selfreactive lymphocytes Clonal selection to expand pathogen-reactive lymphocytes during an immune response

18

19 Antibody responses proceed in two phases Goodnow et al, Nature Immunol. 2010

20 Adaptive Immunity: Antibodies II Rapid production of lower affinity antibody made by shortlived plasma cells Slower germinal center response à selection for higher affinity à gives rise to long-lived plasma cells Rational design of the conjugate vaccines (starting in the 1990s)

21 Antibodies bind antigens Two protein components: heavy chain and light chain; can come in 5 varieties of heavy chains: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD

22

23 Antibodies can be directly protective or can promote immune protective mechanisms via other cells or molecules neutralization activation of complement

24 Adaptive Immunity: Antibodies III Active immunity (infection, vaccination) Passive immunity : maternal transfer of IgG across placenta; injection of antibodies to protect against infections, toxins; IVIG for immunodeficiency Monoclonal antibodies for passive immunity, therapy, diagnosis. All identical à more standardized therapeutic or diagnostic. To work well as therapy, need to make as human as possible; many new MAb therapeutics in the last 10 years. Most are to treat cancers or to suppress immune responses

25 Monoclonal antibodies used in medicine Standardized, unlimited reagents for diagnosis or therapy Some representative examples. This list is rapidly expanding in recent years

26 Monoclonal antibodies used in medicine Genentech s plant in Vacaville, CA for producing Herceptin to treat breast cancer

27 CD Nomenclature Structurally defined leukocyte surface molecule that is expressed on cells of a particular lineage ( differentiation ) and recognized by a group ( cluster ) of monoclonal antibodies is called a member of a cluster of differentiation (CD) CD molecules (CD antigens, CD markers) are: Identified by numbers Used to classify leukocytes into functionally distinct subpopulations, e.g. helper T cells are CD4+CD8-, CTLs are CD8+CD4- Often involved in leukocyte functions Antibodies against various CD molecules are used to: Identify and isolate leukocyte subpopulations Study functions of leukocytes Eliminate particular cell populations

28 Recognition of antigen by the TCR The TCR of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells recognizes MHCbound peptide + portions of the MHC. Other T cells (γδ T cells, NKT cells) recognize nonpeptide antigens

29 Peptides are bound to MHC molecules and presented to T cells MHC=major histocompatability complex. HLA=human leukocyte antigen

30 Killer T cells and Helper T cells killing helper Microbe evades Killing cytokines

31 Capture and presentation of antigens by dendritic cells Abbas et al. Basic Immunology Antigens and naïve T cells come together in lymphoid organs

32 Role of costimulation in T cell activation

33 Immune responses are tailored to the type of infection Defense against extracellular microbes: IgM, IgG and Th17 Defense against microbes that survive and replicate inside phagocytes (macrophages and monocytes): type 1 immunity (Th1) Defense against viruses: early defense: innate mechanisms that restrict virus replication (interferon, etc.) Adaptive immune defense: antibodies which block virus infection of cells ( neutralizing antibodies ) plus cytotoxic T cells Defense against worms and biting insects: type 2 immunity (IgE, Th2), Manifestations include: sneezing, coughing, itching, diarrhea, tears, etc. (allergies and asthma mostly involve this type of immune response)

34 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Parallels to T cell subsets IL- 5 Spits and DiSanto, Nature Immunology 12: 21-27, 2011

35 Immune system and chronic inflammation Sterile inflammation (tissue injury but no infectious agent present): innate recognition of tissue damage Chronic inflammation: if antigen persists, antigenreactive T cells can drive continued inflammation, which can cause tissue damage (autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases) Likely important role of inflammation in pathogenesis of chronic diseases: atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, probably Alzheimer s disease, cancer (can be positive or negative)

36 Does inhibition of inflammation protect against heart attacks and/or strokes? From: Yousuf et al. J. Amer. Coll. Cardiol. 65 (5): , 2013 Canakinumab: monoclonal antibody that binds IL-1β and blocks function methotrexate: immune suppressant used to treat some inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, etc.)

Microbiology 204: Cellular and Molecular Immunology

Microbiology 204: Cellular and Molecular Immunology Microbiology 204: Cellular and Molecular Immunology Class meets MWF 1:00-2:30PM (*exceptions: no class Fri Oct 11; Wed Nov 27 will be moved to 11/25) Lectures are open to auditors Discussions are restricted

More information

Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions

Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions 1. Define 1) Immunity 2) Neutrophils 3) Macrophage 4) Epitopes 5) Interferon 6) Complement system 7) Histamine 8) Mast cells 9) Antigen 10) Antigens receptors 11)

More information

Principles of Adaptive Immunity

Principles of Adaptive Immunity Principles of Adaptive Immunity Chapter 3 Parham Hans de Haard 17 th of May 2010 Agenda Recognition molecules of adaptive immune system Features adaptive immune system Immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors

More information

Chapter 1. Chapter 1 Concepts. MCMP422 Immunology and Biologics Immunology is important personally and professionally!

Chapter 1. Chapter 1 Concepts. MCMP422 Immunology and Biologics Immunology is important personally and professionally! MCMP422 Immunology and Biologics Immunology is important personally and professionally! Learn the language - use the glossary and index RNR - Reading, Note taking, Reviewing All materials in Chapters 1-3

More information

Chapter 24 The Immune System

Chapter 24 The Immune System Chapter 24 The Immune System The Immune System Layered defense system The skin and chemical barriers The innate and adaptive immune systems Immunity The body s ability to recognize and destroy specific

More information

Blood and Immune system Acquired Immunity

Blood and Immune system Acquired Immunity Blood and Immune system Acquired Immunity Immunity Acquired (Adaptive) Immunity Defensive mechanisms include : 1) Innate immunity (Natural or Non specific) 2) Acquired immunity (Adaptive or Specific) Cell-mediated

More information

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host 17 Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host SLOs Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity, and humoral and cellular immunity. Define antigen, epitope, and hapten. Explain the function

More information

Defense mechanism against pathogens

Defense mechanism against pathogens Defense mechanism against pathogens Immune System What is immune system? Cells and organs within an animal s body that contribute to immune defenses against pathogens ( ) Bacteria -Major entry points ;open

More information

Mon, Wed, Fri 11:00 AM-12:00 PM. Owen, Judy, Jenni Punt, and Sharon Stranford Kuby-Immunology, 7th. Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co., New York.

Mon, Wed, Fri 11:00 AM-12:00 PM. Owen, Judy, Jenni Punt, and Sharon Stranford Kuby-Immunology, 7th. Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co., New York. Course Title: Course Number: Immunology Biol-341/541 Semester: Fall 2013 Location: HS 268 Time: Instructor: 8:00-9:30 AM Tue/Thur Dr. Colleen M. McDermott Office: Nursing Ed 101 (424-1217) E-mail*: mcdermot@uwosh.edu

More information

chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response

chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response defense against infection & illness body defenses innate/ non-specific adaptable/ specific epithelium, fever, inflammation, complement,

More information

Physiology Unit 3. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY The Specific Immune Response

Physiology Unit 3. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY The Specific Immune Response Physiology Unit 3 ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY The Specific Immune Response In Physiology Today The Adaptive Arm of the Immune System Specific Immune Response Internal defense against a specific pathogen Acquired

More information

Body Defense Mechanisms

Body Defense Mechanisms BIOLOGY OF HUMANS Concepts, Applications, and Issues Fifth Edition Judith Goodenough Betty McGuire 13 Body Defense Mechanisms Lecture Presentation Anne Gasc Hawaii Pacific University and University of

More information

All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity

All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity Figure 43.2 In innate immunity, recognition and

More information

Immune system. Aims. Immune system. Lymphatic organs. Inflammation. Natural immune system. Adaptive immune system

Immune system. Aims. Immune system. Lymphatic organs. Inflammation. Natural immune system. Adaptive immune system Aims Immune system Lymphatic organs Inflammation Natural immune system Adaptive immune system Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Disorders of the immune system 1 2 Immune system Lymphoid organs Immune

More information

Effector T Cells and

Effector T Cells and 1 Effector T Cells and Cytokines Andrew Lichtman, MD PhD Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 2 Lecture outline Cytokines Subsets of CD4+ T cells: definitions, functions, development New

More information

Third line of Defense

Third line of Defense Chapter 15 Specific Immunity and Immunization Topics -3 rd of Defense - B cells - T cells - Specific Immunities Third line of Defense Specific immunity is a complex interaction of immune cells (leukocytes)

More information

Chapter 35 Active Reading Guide The Immune System

Chapter 35 Active Reading Guide The Immune System Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Chapter 35 Active Reading Guide The Immune System Section 1 Phagocytosis plays an important role in the immune systems of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Review the process

More information

1. Specificity: specific activity for each type of pathogens. Immunity is directed against a particular pathogen or foreign substance.

1. Specificity: specific activity for each type of pathogens. Immunity is directed against a particular pathogen or foreign substance. L13: Acquired or adaptive (specific) immunity The resistance, which absent at the time of first exposure to a pathogen, but develops after being exposed to the pathogen is called acquired immunity. It

More information

Introduction to Immune System

Introduction to Immune System Introduction to Immune System Learning outcome You will be able to understand, at a fundamental level, the STRUCTURES and FUNCTIONS of cell surface and soluble molecules involved in recognition of foreign

More information

ACTIVATION AND EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND NK CELLS. Choompone Sakonwasun, MD (Hons), FRCPT

ACTIVATION AND EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND NK CELLS. Choompone Sakonwasun, MD (Hons), FRCPT ACTIVATION AND EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND NK CELLS Choompone Sakonwasun, MD (Hons), FRCPT Types of Adaptive Immunity Types of T Cell-mediated Immune Reactions CTLs = cytotoxic T lymphocytes

More information

Effector mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity: Properties of effector, memory and regulatory T cells

Effector mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity: Properties of effector, memory and regulatory T cells ICI Basic Immunology course Effector mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity: Properties of effector, memory and regulatory T cells Abul K. Abbas, MD UCSF Stages in the development of T cell responses: induction

More information

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? CHAPTER 16 THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? The adaptive immune system protects us from many infections The adaptive immune system has memory so we are not infected by the same pathogen

More information

The Adaptive Immune Response. B-cells

The Adaptive Immune Response. B-cells The Adaptive Immune Response B-cells The innate immune system provides immediate protection. The adaptive response takes time to develop and is antigen specific. Activation of B and T lymphocytes Naive

More information

Immune System AP SBI4UP

Immune System AP SBI4UP Immune System AP SBI4UP TYPES OF IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY EXTERNAL DEFENCES INTERNAL DEFENCES HUMORAL RESPONSE Skin Phagocytic Cells CELL- MEDIATED RESPONSE Mucus layer Antimicrobial

More information

CH. 24. The Immune System

CH. 24. The Immune System CH. 24 The Immune System The immune systems consists of organs, cells, and molecules that fight infections and protect us from invaders. Pathogens: Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites, Fungi 1. Innate (nonspecific)

More information

Immunology for the Rheumatologist

Immunology for the Rheumatologist Immunology for the Rheumatologist Rheumatologists frequently deal with the immune system gone awry, rarely studying normal immunology. This program is an overview and discussion of the function of the

More information

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses Outline PART 1: INNATE DEFENSES 21.1 Surface barriers act as the first line of defense to keep

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses Outline PART 1: INNATE DEFENSES 21.1 Surface barriers act as the first line of defense to keep The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses Outline PART 1: INNATE DEFENSES 21.1 Surface barriers act as the first line of defense to keep invaders out of the body (pp. 772 773; Fig. 21.1; Table

More information

The Immune System is the Third Line of Defense Against Infection. Components of Human Immune System

The Immune System is the Third Line of Defense Against Infection. Components of Human Immune System Chapter 17: Specific Host Defenses: The Immune Response The Immune Response Immunity: Free from burden. Ability of an organism to recognize and defend itself against specific pathogens or antigens. Immune

More information

MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Department of Science LECTURE OUTLINE CHAPTERS 16, 17, 18 AND 19

MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Department of Science LECTURE OUTLINE CHAPTERS 16, 17, 18 AND 19 MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Department of Science LECTURE OUTLINE CHAPTERS 16, 17, 18 AND 19 CHAPTER 16: NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES OF THE HOST I. THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE A. Mechanical Barriers (Physical

More information

Prof. Ibtesam Kamel Afifi Professor of Medical Microbiology & Immunology

Prof. Ibtesam Kamel Afifi Professor of Medical Microbiology & Immunology By Prof. Ibtesam Kamel Afifi Professor of Medical Microbiology & Immunology Lecture objectives: At the end of the lecture you should be able to: Enumerate features that characterize acquired immune response

More information

CHAPTER-VII IMMUNOLOGY R.KAVITHA, M.PHARM, LECTURER, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS, SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SRM UNIVERSITY, KATTANKULATHUR.

CHAPTER-VII IMMUNOLOGY R.KAVITHA, M.PHARM, LECTURER, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS, SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SRM UNIVERSITY, KATTANKULATHUR. CHAPTER-VII IMMUNOLOGY R.KAVITHA, M.PHARM, LECTURER, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS, SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SRM UNIVERSITY, KATTANKULATHUR. The Immune Response Immunity: Free from burden. Ability of an

More information

Topics in Parasitology BLY Vertebrate Immune System

Topics in Parasitology BLY Vertebrate Immune System Topics in Parasitology BLY 533-2008 Vertebrate Immune System V. Vertebrate Immune System A. Non-specific defenses against pathogens 1. Skin - physical barrier a. Tough armor protein KERATIN b. Surface

More information

Chapter 17B: Adaptive Immunity Part II

Chapter 17B: Adaptive Immunity Part II Chapter 17B: Adaptive Immunity Part II 1. Cell-Mediated Immune Response 2. Humoral Immune Response 3. Antibodies 1. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response Basic Steps of Cell-Mediated IR 1 2a CD4 + MHC cl.

More information

Antigen Presentation and T Lymphocyte Activation. Abul K. Abbas UCSF. FOCiS

Antigen Presentation and T Lymphocyte Activation. Abul K. Abbas UCSF. FOCiS 1 Antigen Presentation and T Lymphocyte Activation Abul K. Abbas UCSF FOCiS 2 Lecture outline Dendritic cells and antigen presentation The role of the MHC T cell activation Costimulation, the B7:CD28 family

More information

The Immune System. These are classified as the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Innate Immunity

The Immune System. These are classified as the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Innate Immunity The Immune System Biological mechanisms that defend an organism must be 1. triggered by a stimulus upon injury or pathogen attack 2. able to counteract the injury or invasion 3. able to recognise foreign

More information

Understanding basic immunology. Dr Mary Nowlan

Understanding basic immunology. Dr Mary Nowlan Understanding basic immunology Dr Mary Nowlan 1 Immunology Immunology the study of how the body fights disease and infection Immunity State of being able to resist a particular infection or toxin 2 Overview

More information

The Immune System. A macrophage. ! Functions of the Immune System. ! Types of Immune Responses. ! Organization of the Immune System

The Immune System. A macrophage. ! Functions of the Immune System. ! Types of Immune Responses. ! Organization of the Immune System The Immune System! Functions of the Immune System! Types of Immune Responses! Organization of the Immune System! Innate Defense Mechanisms! Acquired Defense Mechanisms! Applied Immunology A macrophage

More information

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

White Blood Cells (WBCs) YOUR ACTIVE IMMUNE DEFENSES 1 ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE 2! Innate Immunity - invariant (generalized) - early, limited specificity - the first line of defense 1. Barriers - skin, tears 2. Phagocytes - neutrophils,

More information

Topics. Humoral Immune Response Part II Accessory cells Fc Receptors Opsonization and killing mechanisms of phagocytes NK, mast, eosynophils

Topics. Humoral Immune Response Part II Accessory cells Fc Receptors Opsonization and killing mechanisms of phagocytes NK, mast, eosynophils Topics Humoral Immune Response Part II Accessory cells Fc Receptors Opsonization and killing mechanisms of phagocytes NK, mast, eosynophils Immune regulation Idiotypic network 2/15/2005 MICR 415 / 515

More information

Immunity. Chapter 38

Immunity. Chapter 38 Immunity Chapter 38 Impacts, Issues Frankie s Last Wish Infection with a common, sexually transmitted virus (HPV) causes most cervical cancers including the one that killed Frankie McCullogh 38.1 Integrated

More information

immunity defenses invertebrates vertebrates chapter 48 Animal defenses --

immunity defenses invertebrates vertebrates chapter 48 Animal defenses -- defenses Animal defenses -- immunity chapter 48 invertebrates coelomocytes, amoebocytes, hemocytes sponges, cnidarians, etc. annelids basophilic amoebocytes, acidophilic granulocytes arthropod immune systems

More information

LESSON 2: THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

LESSON 2: THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY Introduction to immunology. LESSON 2: THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY Today we will get to know: The adaptive immunity T- and B-cells Antigens and their recognition How T-cells work 1 The adaptive immunity Unlike

More information

Medical Virology Immunology. Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University

Medical Virology Immunology. Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Medical Virology Immunology Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Human blood cells Phases of immune responses Microbe Naïve

More information

Chapter 10 (pages ): Differentiation and Functions of CD4+ Effector T Cells Prepared by Kristen Dazy, MD, Scripps Clinic Medical Group

Chapter 10 (pages ): Differentiation and Functions of CD4+ Effector T Cells Prepared by Kristen Dazy, MD, Scripps Clinic Medical Group FIT Board Review Corner September 2015 Welcome to the FIT Board Review Corner, prepared by Andrew Nickels, MD, and Sarah Spriet, DO, senior and junior representatives of ACAAI's Fellows-In-Training (FITs)

More information

Overview. Barriers help animals defend against many dangerous pathogens they encounter.

Overview. Barriers help animals defend against many dangerous pathogens they encounter. Immunity Overview Barriers help animals defend against many dangerous pathogens they encounter. The immune system recognizes foreign bodies and responds with the production of immune cells and proteins.

More information

Third line of Defense. Topic 8 Specific Immunity (adaptive) (18) 3 rd Line = Prophylaxis via Immunization!

Third line of Defense. Topic 8 Specific Immunity (adaptive) (18) 3 rd Line = Prophylaxis via Immunization! Topic 8 Specific Immunity (adaptive) (18) Topics - 3 rd Line of Defense - B cells - T cells - Specific Immunities 1 3 rd Line = Prophylaxis via Immunization! (a) A painting of Edward Jenner depicts a cow

More information

The Immune System. by Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College

The Immune System. by Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College The Immune System by Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College What is the immune system? defense system found in vertebrates Two categories Nonspecific specific provides protection from pathogens

More information

Nonspecific External Barriers skin, mucous membranes

Nonspecific External Barriers skin, mucous membranes Immune system Chapter 36 BI 103 Plant-Animal A&P Levels of Defense Against Disease Nonspecific External Barriers skin, mucous membranes Physical barriers? Brainstorm with a partner If these barriers are

More information

Chapter 22: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Chapter 22: The Lymphatic System and Immunity Bio40C schedule Lecture Immune system Lab Quiz 2 this week; bring a scantron! Study guide on my website (see lab assignments) Extra credit Critical thinking questions at end of chapters 5 pts/chapter Due

More information

The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately

The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity Figure 43.2 INNATE IMMUNITY (all animals) Recognition of traits shared

More information

11/25/2017. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 43 IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY EXAMPLE IN INSECTS BARRIER DEFENSES INNATE IMMUNITY OF VERTEBRATES

11/25/2017. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 43 IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY EXAMPLE IN INSECTS BARRIER DEFENSES INNATE IMMUNITY OF VERTEBRATES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 43 IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY EXAMPLE IN INSECTS Exoskeleton made of chitin forms the first barrier to pathogens Digestive system is protected by a chitin-based barrier and lysozyme,

More information

CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM.

CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: OVERVIEW OF HOST DEFENSES The human body contains three lines of against infectious agents (pathogens) 1. Mechanical and chemical boundaries (part of the innate immune system)

More information

Immunity. Skin. Mucin-containing mucous membranes. Desmosome (attaches keratincontaining. Fig. 43.2

Immunity. Skin. Mucin-containing mucous membranes. Desmosome (attaches keratincontaining. Fig. 43.2 Immunity 1 Fig. 43.2 2 Skin Mucin-containing mucous membranes Desmosome (attaches keratincontaining skin cells together) 1 http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/pseudos2l.jpg http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/images/

More information

Clinical Basis of the Immune Response and the Complement Cascade

Clinical Basis of the Immune Response and the Complement Cascade Clinical Basis of the Immune Response and the Complement Cascade Bryan L. Martin, DO, MMAS, FACAAI, FAAAAI, FACOI, FACP Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics President, American College of Allergy,

More information

Structure and Function of Antigen Recognition Molecules

Structure and Function of Antigen Recognition Molecules MICR2209 Structure and Function of Antigen Recognition Molecules Dr Allison Imrie allison.imrie@uwa.edu.au 1 Synopsis: In this lecture we will examine the major receptors used by cells of the innate and

More information

Adaptive Immune System

Adaptive Immune System Short Course on Immunology Adaptive Immune System Bhargavi Duvvuri Ph.D IIIrd Year (Immunology) bhargavi@yorku.ca Supervisor Dr.Gillian E Wu Professor, School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences York University,

More information

Fluid movement in capillaries. Not all fluid is reclaimed at the venous end of the capillaries; that is the job of the lymphatic system

Fluid movement in capillaries. Not all fluid is reclaimed at the venous end of the capillaries; that is the job of the lymphatic system Capillary exchange Fluid movement in capillaries Not all fluid is reclaimed at the venous end of the capillaries; that is the job of the lymphatic system Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic capillaries permeate

More information

Skin. Mucin-containing mucous membranes. Desmosome (attaches keratincontaining

Skin. Mucin-containing mucous membranes. Desmosome (attaches keratincontaining Immunity 1 Fig. 43.2 2 Skin Mucin-containing mucous membranes Desmosome (attaches keratincontaining skin cells together) http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/pseudos2l.jpg http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/images/

More information

Immunology Basics Relevant to Cancer Immunotherapy: T Cell Activation, Costimulation, and Effector T Cells

Immunology Basics Relevant to Cancer Immunotherapy: T Cell Activation, Costimulation, and Effector T Cells Immunology Basics Relevant to Cancer Immunotherapy: T Cell Activation, Costimulation, and Effector T Cells Andrew H. Lichtman, M.D. Ph.D. Department of Pathology Brigham and Women s Hospital and Harvard

More information

Internal Defense Notes

Internal Defense Notes Internal environment of animals provides attractive area for growth of bacteria, viruses, fungi Harm via: 1. destruction of cells 2. production of toxic chemicals To protect against foreign invaders, humans

More information

Chapter 21: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

Chapter 21: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses Chapter 21: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses I. 2 main types of body defenses A. Innate (nonspecific) defense: not to a specific microorganism or substance B. Adaptive (specific) defense: immunity to

More information

General Overview of Immunology. Kimberly S. Schluns, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Immunology UT MD Anderson Cancer Center

General Overview of Immunology. Kimberly S. Schluns, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Immunology UT MD Anderson Cancer Center General Overview of Immunology Kimberly S. Schluns, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Immunology UT MD Anderson Cancer Center Objectives Describe differences between innate and adaptive immune responses

More information

The Adaptive Immune Responses

The Adaptive Immune Responses The Adaptive Immune Responses The two arms of the immune responses are; 1) the cell mediated, and 2) the humoral responses. In this chapter we will discuss the two responses in detail and we will start

More information

ACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

ACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY ACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY The recognition of specific antigen by naïve T cell induces its own activation and effector phases. T helper cells recognize peptide antigens through

More information

I. Defense Mechanisms Chapter 15

I. Defense Mechanisms Chapter 15 10/24/11 I. Defense Mechanisms Chapter 15 Immune System Lecture PowerPoint Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Defense Mechanisms Protect against

More information

Immunology Lecture 4. Clinical Relevance of the Immune System

Immunology Lecture 4. Clinical Relevance of the Immune System Immunology Lecture 4 The Well Patient: How innate and adaptive immune responses maintain health - 13, pg 169-181, 191-195. Immune Deficiency - 15 Autoimmunity - 16 Transplantation - 17, pg 260-270 Tumor

More information

Introduction to Immunology Lectures 1-3 by Bellur S. Prabhakar. March 13-14, 2007

Introduction to Immunology Lectures 1-3 by Bellur S. Prabhakar. March 13-14, 2007 Introduction to Immunology Lectures 1-3 by Bellur S. Prabhakar. March 13-14, 2007 TheComponents Of The Immune System and Innate Immunity: Ref: Immunobiology-5 th edition. Janeway et al. Chapters-1 & 2.

More information

There are 2 major lines of defense: Non-specific (Innate Immunity) and. Specific. (Adaptive Immunity) Photo of macrophage cell

There are 2 major lines of defense: Non-specific (Innate Immunity) and. Specific. (Adaptive Immunity) Photo of macrophage cell There are 2 major lines of defense: Non-specific (Innate Immunity) and Specific (Adaptive Immunity) Photo of macrophage cell Development of the Immune System ery pl neu mφ nk CD8 + CTL CD4 + thy TH1 mye

More information

Adaptive Immunity: Humoral Immune Responses

Adaptive Immunity: Humoral Immune Responses MICR2209 Adaptive Immunity: Humoral Immune Responses Dr Allison Imrie 1 Synopsis: In this lecture we will review the different mechanisms which constitute the humoral immune response, and examine the antibody

More information

Unit 5 The Human Immune Response to Infection

Unit 5 The Human Immune Response to Infection Unit 5 The Human Immune Response to Infection Unit 5-page 1 FOM Chapter 21 Resistance and the Immune System: Innate Immunity Preview: In Chapter 21, we will learn about the branch of the immune system

More information

Immune Surveillance. Immune Surveillance. Immune Surveillance. Neutrophil granulocytes Macrophages. M-cells

Immune Surveillance. Immune Surveillance. Immune Surveillance. Neutrophil granulocytes Macrophages. M-cells he immune system is everywhere Some organs have developed strategies towards the immune system to keep it out or to put it under control Immune privileged organs: Brain Eye estis hyroid gland Humoral immunity

More information

Defensive mechanisms include :

Defensive mechanisms include : Acquired Immunity Defensive mechanisms include : 1) Innate immunity (Natural or Non specific) 2) Acquired immunity (Adaptive or Specific) Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Two mechanisms 1) Humoral

More information

Chapter 15 Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization

Chapter 15 Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization Chapter 15 Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization Adaptive Immunity: The third line of defense Third line of defense acquired and specific. Dual System of B and T lymphocytes- Immunocompetence Antigen

More information

Overview of the Lymphoid System

Overview of the Lymphoid System Overview of the Lymphoid System The Lymphoid System Protects us against disease Lymphoid system cells respond to Environmental pathogens Toxins Abnormal body cells, such as cancers Overview of the Lymphoid

More information

IMMUNITY AND DISEASE II

IMMUNITY AND DISEASE II IMMUNITY AND DISEASE II A. Evolution of the immune system. 1. Figure 1--57.25, p. 1167 from Raven and Johnson Biology 6 th ed. shows how the immune system evolved. Figure 1. How the immune system evolved.

More information

Shiv Pillai Ragon Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School

Shiv Pillai Ragon Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School CTLs, Natural Killers and NKTs 1 Shiv Pillai Ragon Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School CTL inducing tumor apoptosis 3 Lecture outline CD8 + Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) Activation/differentiation

More information

Attribution: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Attribution: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Attribution: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunology License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution

More information

Innate immunity. Abul K. Abbas University of California San Francisco. FOCiS

Innate immunity. Abul K. Abbas University of California San Francisco. FOCiS 1 Innate immunity Abul K. Abbas University of California San Francisco FOCiS 2 Lecture outline Components of innate immunity Recognition of microbes and dead cells Toll Like Receptors NOD Like Receptors/Inflammasome

More information

Scott Abrams, Ph.D. Professor of Oncology, x4375 Kuby Immunology SEVENTH EDITION

Scott Abrams, Ph.D. Professor of Oncology, x4375 Kuby Immunology SEVENTH EDITION Scott Abrams, Ph.D. Professor of Oncology, x4375 scott.abrams@roswellpark.org Kuby Immunology SEVENTH EDITION CHAPTER 13 Effector Responses: Cell- and Antibody-Mediated Immunity Copyright 2013 by W. H.

More information

Chapter 13 Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Chapter 13 Lymphatic and Immune Systems The Chapter 13 Lymphatic and Immune Systems 1 The Lymphatic Vessels Lymphoid Organs Three functions contribute to homeostasis 1. Return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream 2. Help defend the body against

More information

Chapter 43. Immune System. phagocytosis. lymphocytes. AP Biology

Chapter 43. Immune System. phagocytosis. lymphocytes. AP Biology Chapter 43. Immune System phagocytosis lymphocytes 1 Why an immune system? Attack from outside lots of organisms want you for lunch! animals must defend themselves against unwelcome invaders viruses protists

More information

Properties & Overview of IRs Dr. Nasser M. Kaplan JUST, Jordan. 10-Jul-16 NM Kaplan 1

Properties & Overview of IRs Dr. Nasser M. Kaplan JUST, Jordan. 10-Jul-16 NM Kaplan 1 Properties & Overview of IRs Dr. Nasser M. Kaplan JUST, Jordan 10-Jul-16 NM Kaplan 1 Major components of IS & their properties Definitions IS = cells & molecules responsible for: 1- Physiologic; protective

More information

Overview: The immune responses of animals can be divided into innate immunity and acquired immunity.

Overview: The immune responses of animals can be divided into innate immunity and acquired immunity. GUIDED READING - Ch. 43 - THE IMMUNE SYSTEM NAME: Please print out these pages and HANDWRITE the answers directly on the printouts. Typed work or answers on separate sheets of paper will not be accepted.

More information

How the Innate Immune System Profiles Pathogens

How the Innate Immune System Profiles Pathogens How the Innate Immune System Profiles Pathogens Receptors on macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells for bacteria and viruses Broad specificity - Two main groups of bacteria: gram positive, gram-negative

More information

1. The scavenger receptor, CD36, functions as a coreceptor for which TLR? a. TLR ½ b. TLR 3 c. TLR 4 d. TLR 2/6

1. The scavenger receptor, CD36, functions as a coreceptor for which TLR? a. TLR ½ b. TLR 3 c. TLR 4 d. TLR 2/6 Allergy and Immunology Review Corner: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 8th Edition By Abul K. Abbas, MBBS, Andrew H. H. Lichtman, MD, PhD and Shiv Pillai, MBBS, PhD. Chapter 4 (pages 62-74): Innate Immunity

More information

Unit title: The Immune Response System

Unit title: The Immune Response System Unit title: The Immune Response System Unit code: M/601/0228 QCF level: 5 Credit value: 15 Aim This unit develops an understanding of the function and manipulation of the immune system and its abnormalities.

More information

CHAPTER 18: Immune System

CHAPTER 18: Immune System CHAPTER 18: Immune System 1. What are four characteristics of the specific immune system? a. b. c. d. 2. List the two main types of defense mechanisms and briefly describe features of each. 3. Give examples

More information

Immunology - Lecture 2 Adaptive Immune System 1

Immunology - Lecture 2 Adaptive Immune System 1 Immunology - Lecture 2 Adaptive Immune System 1 Book chapters: Molecules of the Adaptive Immunity 6 Adaptive Cells and Organs 7 Generation of Immune Diversity Lymphocyte Antigen Receptors - 8 CD markers

More information

The Adaptive Immune Response. T-cells

The Adaptive Immune Response. T-cells The Adaptive Immune Response T-cells T Lymphocytes T lymphocytes develop from precursors in the thymus. Mature T cells are found in the blood, where they constitute 60% to 70% of lymphocytes, and in T-cell

More information

Immunobiology. Readiness Exam. Immune Response (two phases)

Immunobiology. Readiness Exam. Immune Response (two phases) BIO401 Immunobiology BOOK Kuby 6 th Edition* EXAMS - 3 exams - 100 points - Final--> 100 points - Quizzes 50 points TOTAL: 450 points FINAL GRADE: Lab: 25% (300 points) Lecture: 75% (450 points) Immunobiology

More information

INNATE IMMUNITY Non-Specific Immune Response. Physiology Unit 3

INNATE IMMUNITY Non-Specific Immune Response. Physiology Unit 3 INNATE IMMUNITY Non-Specific Immune Response Physiology Unit 3 Protection Against Infection The body has several defenses to protect itself from getting an infection Skin Mucus membranes Serous membranes

More information

Warm-up. Parts of the Immune system. Disease transmission. Disease transmission. Why an immune system? Chapter 43 3/9/2012.

Warm-up. Parts of the Immune system. Disease transmission. Disease transmission. Why an immune system? Chapter 43 3/9/2012. Warm-up Objective: Explain how antigens react with specific lymphocytes to induce immune response and immunological memory. Warm-up: Which of the following would normally contain blood with the least amount

More information

AP Biology. Why an immune system? Chapter 43. Immune System. Lines of defense. 1st: External defense. 2nd: Internal, broad range patrol

AP Biology. Why an immune system? Chapter 43. Immune System. Lines of defense. 1st: External defense. 2nd: Internal, broad range patrol Chapter 43. Immune System lymphocytes attacking cancer cell lymph phagocytic leukocyte Why an immune system? Attack from outside lots of organisms want you for lunch! animals must defend themselves against

More information

Immunity. Acquired immunity differs from innate immunity in specificity & memory from 1 st exposure

Immunity. Acquired immunity differs from innate immunity in specificity & memory from 1 st exposure Immunity (1) Non specific (innate) immunity (2) Specific (acquired) immunity Characters: (1) Non specific: does not need special recognition of the foreign cell. (2) Innate: does not need previous exposure.

More information

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) An introduction to adaptive immune system before we discuss MHC B cells The main cells of adaptive immune system are: -B cells -T cells B cells: Recognize antigens

More information

Defense & the Immune System. Immune System Agenda 4/28/2010. Overview. The bigger picture Non specific defenses Specific defenses (Immunity)

Defense & the Immune System. Immune System Agenda 4/28/2010. Overview. The bigger picture Non specific defenses Specific defenses (Immunity) Defense &The Immune System Overview Immune System Agenda The bigger picture Non specific defenses Specific defenses (Immunity) Defense & the Immune System Big Picture Defense Any means of preventing or

More information

Chapter 17. The Lymphatic System and Immunity. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Chapter 17. The Lymphatic System and Immunity. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 17 The Lymphatic System and Immunity Immunity Innate Immunity Fast, non-specific and no memory Barriers, ph extremes, Phagocytes & NK cells, fever, inflammation, complement, interferon Adaptive

More information

COURSE: Medical Microbiology, MBIM 650/720 - Fall TOPIC: Antigen Processing, MHC Restriction, & Role of Thymus Lecture 12

COURSE: Medical Microbiology, MBIM 650/720 - Fall TOPIC: Antigen Processing, MHC Restriction, & Role of Thymus Lecture 12 COURSE: Medical Microbiology, MBIM 650/720 - Fall 2008 TOPIC: Antigen Processing, MHC Restriction, & Role of Thymus Lecture 12 FACULTY: Dr. Mayer Office: Bldg. #1, Rm B32 Phone: 733-3281 Email: MAYER@MED.SC.EDU

More information

IMMUNE CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

IMMUNE CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS LECTURE: 07 Title: IMMUNE CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The student should be able to: The chemical nature of the cellular surface receptors. Define the location of the

More information