Curriculum for Rapid, Participatory Research & Evaluation Designed for use in community studies of STDs and HIV/AIDS

Transcription

1 Curriculum fr Rapid, Participatry Research & Evaluatin Designed fr use in cmmunity studies f STDs and HIV/AIDS Sectin 2 Pre-researching the Target Ppulatin

2 Cpyright 2007 Jill Flrence Lackey & Assciates Milwaukee, WI Office: (414) Fax: (414) Jill Flrence Lackey, PhD Barbara Daley, PhD Tim Welnetz, MS D. Paul Mberg, PhD Jamie Merkel, BA Paul Rivas, PhD Kira Kaufman, PhD Abena Black, BA prgram f the Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin Cntributing writers: Curriculum made pssible by a grant frm the SBIR

3 Sectin 2: Pre-researching the target cmmunity Table f Cntents Intended learning utcmes Chapter 1: Pre-researching the target cmmunities fr the Rapid Ethngraphic Assessment Pre-researching the target cmmunities fr the REA Resurces Chapter 2: Reviewing the literature Reviewing the literature Resurces Internet sites n imprtant issues n STDs and HIV/AIDS

4 Sectin 2: Pre-researching the target cmmunity Intended learning utcmes This sectin is designed t acquaint an implementatin team with pre-assessment research. The intended learning utcmes fllw. Upn cmpletin f this sectin, the implementatin team will be able t: 1. Implement strategies fr pre-researching the target cmmunities t speed up the prcess f mving int the research design and methds. 2. Access an inventry f infrmatin n the target cmmunities t speed up the prcess f mving int the research design and methds. Chapter 1 prvides readers with sme advantages f pre-assessment research fr the Rapid Ethngraphic Assessment (REA). 2. 1

5 Sectin 2, Chapter 1: Pre-researching the target cmmunities fr the Rapid Ethngraphic Assessment Pre-researching the target cmmunities fr the Rapid Ethngraphic Assessment Hpsn et al (2000) argue that researchers need t knw the terms used and the ways that peple with (r at-risk f) sexually transmitted diseases cnceptualize STD-related issues in rder t begin develping measurement tls t study affected cmmunities. This sectin will help the implementatin team (and any interested thers) learn mre general infrmatin n the target cmmunities. At this pint the implementatin team has at least skimmed the curriculum fr valuable infrmatin t set the assessment in mtin. A lt f wasted effrt can be avided by checking ut surces f infrmatin befre implementing the study. Fr example, an implementatin team may spend sme time with a target cmmunity they intended t assess and learn that certain assumptins abut this grup s needs were incrrect. The team might skim the literature reviews ffered in the sectin and learn that a particular kind f study has been repeated with the same general findings s many times that anther ne wuld be a waste f effrt. Or the team may seek sme general infrmatin abut these cmmunities thrugh the web sites ffered in this sectin and decide that a new target cmmunity needs t be added t the REA. There is n first step in pre-researching the target cmmunities, but ne step that shuld nt be missed is the fllwing. G meet the target cmmunity With the help f the cllabrating stakehlders, the team shuld arrange t meet the members f the target cmmunity. This might invlve spending a day fllwing a mbile STD testing prgram, r ging t calitin meetings f thse that serve an STD-affected cmmunity, r visiting a hmeless shelter r sup kitchen, r sitting in n a series f supprt grups fr parents f children living with HIV, r spending a night in a hspital r nursing hme fllwing nurses that serve peple dying f AIDS. 2. 2

6 By visiting the target cmmunity the implementatin team can learn the fllwing infrmatin: 1. Des a target cmmunity use insider terms? Fr example, injectin drug users live within a unique cultural cntext. Wuld the implementatin team knw what wrks and a shting gallery are? Can the team distinguish T-cell cunts frm viral lads? These are nt nly terms that are imprtant t understand while studying a particular cmmunity, but these may als be terms that will be used in questinnaires. 2. D structures within a resurce netwrk really ffer the services r ther resurces they appear t ffer? Service rganizatins are ften very fluid, as funding surces are fluid. At Jill Flrence Lackey & Assciates we have had many experiences attempting t lcate prviders f particular services fr needs assessments. Often the name f the particular service is in the rganizatin s name, but fr varius reasns the rganizatin n lnger ffers that service. By attending meetings f resurce netwrks, the team shuld be able t learn what rganizatins and prgrams ffer what services. 3. Are there members f these cmmunities wh are gatekeepers? The team might need t g thrugh sme ppular member, clan elder, r plitical leader that the cllabrating stakehlders did nt identify in rder t access the cmmunity. 4. Is there an initial list f infrmants the team can gather thrugh a meeting with the target cmmunity? 5. Are there sites where the cmmunity can be accessed in mass sites nt knwn by the cllabrating stakehlders? 6. Are there certain rules the team needs t knw abut that cmmunity? Shuld ne pay particular respect t the cmmunity s elders? Des the team need t receive flu r pneumnia shts befre appraching members f this grup? 7. Will there be unexpected subppulatins f that cmmunity? Has the ethnic make-up f the cmmunity recently changed? Will this necessitate a bi-lingual interviewer r bserver? 8. Are there special issues f cnfidentiality that need t be addressed? Are there children living with HIV wh are unaware f their status? Will the team need access t undcumented immigrants? 2. 3

7 Sectin 2, Chapter 1: Pre-researching the target cmmunities fr the Rapid Ethngraphic Assessment Resurces Chapter references Hpsn, R.K., Lucas, K.J., & Petersn, J.A. (2000). HIV/AIDS talk: Implicatins fr preventin interventin and evaluatin. New Directins fr Evaluatin, 86,

8 Sectin 2, Chapter 2: Reviewing the literature Reviewing the literature One f the critiques f the rapid assessment prcess is that it des nt allw enugh time t cnduct a literature review f the tpics selected t study (Ervin, 1997). This chapter will present summaries f a wide range f published articles and bks n the subject f STDs and STD cmmunities. The purpse f this chapter is tw-fld. First it prvides the implementatin team with up-t-date research and general infrmatin n these tpics. Secnd it saves the team time. Team members d nt have t g t the library and read each surce that pertains t their research questins. They can skim thrugh the literature summaries ffered here and get needed infrmatin at least enugh t start. The literature summaries prvided in this chapter are almst all within the past seven years. A few have been included that are lder because they tend t address tpics nt widely cvered elsewhere. The literature summaries are rganized in tw ways. The first grup is rganized accrding t type f infectin: (a) HIV/AIDS, and (b) STDs generally and nn-hiv/aids. The secnd grup f summaries is rganized by affected cmmunities/grups: men/wmen, age chrts, gays/bisexuals, ethnic/racial grups, special ppulatins, and plicymakers/prgrammers. Sme summaries appear twice because they fit int tw categries. Mst f the reviews discuss specifically U.S. issues. A few have been included where the research r cmmentaries invlved areas ther than the United States, when the tpics seemed t have universal relevance. 2. 5

9 Sectin 2, Chapter 2: Reviewing the literature Resurces Chapter references Ervin, A.M. (1997). Trying the impssible: Relatively rapid methds in a city-wide needs assessment. Human Organizatin, 56(4),

10 Sectin 2, Chapter 2: Reviewing the literature Literature reviews are nt cntained in this sectin. They are prvided in a supplemental sectin that will be added t cntinually. Belw is a list f tpics cvered by the literature reviews Types f Infectins HIV/AIDS STDs generally and specific STDS (nt necessarily HIV/AIDS) Affected Cmmunities Males Females Yuth LGBT African American Latins Plicy makers/prgrammers Special ppulatins Special Tpics Preventin Illegal drugs, alchl abuse Research Epidemilgy Prstitutin Ethics Transmissin f disease Sciecnmics and envirnmental 2. 7

11 Sectin 2, Chapter 2: Reviewing the literature Internet sites n imprtant issues n STDs and HIV/AIDS Center f Disease Cntrls Divisin f Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Fcuses n STD preventin and resurces. The U.S Department f Health and Human Services. Offers infrmatin n ethical guidelines, drugs, vaccines, and clinical trial infrmatin. Real time nline assistance and HIV glssary are als available. Research Center has brchures, fact sheets and resurces fr patients/general public, health care prviders, researchers, news releases, and ther gvernment resurces. The New Yrk City Department f Health and Mental Hygiene's STD site. Prvides links t recent publicatins, STD fact sheet, HIV/AIDS infrmatin and access t a wman's health line. Planned Parenthd. Offers infrmatin fr sexually active individuals including safer sex methds, pregnancy and STI infrmatin as well as a link fr their clinic lcatins. American Academy f Family Physicians. Infrms the public n the transmissin and preventin f STDs/AIDS. Included are descriptins f varius STDs, link fr htline, and link t Teen's page. Jhns Hpkins University AIDS service. Offers links t expert Q & A, publicatins, medical educatin, resurces, managed care, epidemilgy, preventin and guidelines. 2. 8

12 Frm this website, yu can click n alphabetical listing f diseases and cnditins. Infrmatin n Acquired Immundeficiency Syndrme (AIDs) and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Faculty f Harvard Medical Schl explains AIDS/STDs by definitins, symptms, diagnsis, expected duratin, preventin, treatment, when t cntact a prfessinal, and prgnsis. Site is prperty f IntelliHealth. NIH. Prvides an intrductin t Sexually Transmitted Infectins frm the Natinal Institute f Allergy and Infectius Diseases. Fact sheet with descriptins f STDs. Infrmatin n transmissin and which ppulatins are mst affected. Althugh written in July 1999, this site has been updated recently. CDC Natinal Preventin Infrmatin Netwrk. Multidimensinal website, available in Spanish. Main page has links t varius articles and tpics: HIV/AIDS/STDs/TB. STD page has links fr recent activities, news, publicatins, current state f STD infectins in the US, and preventin gals. Infrms public n hw STDs are cnnected with HIV. Guidelines and recmmendatins fr detectin, treatment, and care, cunseling, surveillance, and data management. Educatin and Outreach infrmatin is available as well as FAQ's. Can lcate rganizatins, materials, news, cnferences, funding, HIV test sites, statistics, campaigns and initiatives. City f Milwaukee's Health Department; Keenan Health Center. Gives infrmatin, definitins, fact sheets, frequently asked questins, safer sex techniques regarding sexually transmitted diseases. Als included is infrmatin n clinic services and lcatins. American Scial Health Assciatin, "America's authrity fr sexually transmitted disease infrmatin." Offers facts, supprt and resurces, referrals, and HELP grups. STD facts and Patient Bill f Rights are included. ASHA's website fr teenagers. Links t STD basics, FAQs, Sex n the Brain, Puberty, Glssary, Preventin, and Parent's Guide. 2. 9

13 Family Health Internatinal. Website ffered in English, Spanish, French, Russian, and Arabic. Prvides infrmatin n research, preventin, statistics, educatin, and family services in mre than 70 cuntries. Avert, an internatinal HIV and AIDS charity. Offers statistics, infrmatin fr yung peple, preventin care, and stries f thse living with HIV. Prvides links t AIDS and sex educatin, STD transmissin and treatment. Als is infrmatin fr the gay and lesbian cmmunity. Infectius Diseases in Crrectins Reprt spnsred by the Brwn Medical Schl Office f Cntinuing Educatin. Geared twards crrectinal administratrs, HIV/AIDS care prviders. The Bdy, an AIDS and HIV infrmatin resurce. Fcuses n the medical treatment f HIV/AIDS including varius links fr articles n educatin, treatment basics, HIV mnitring tests, when t begin treatment, HIV medicatins, treatment guidelines, persnal accunts, drug resistance, interactins, and side effects. Als, prvides link t cmmunicate with physicians and links fr safe sex, understanding yur labs, wrkplace issues, mixed status cuples, and AIDS related cancers. University f Suth Flrida. Prvides HIV educatin, cnsultatin, and resurce materials t health care prfessinals. Als ffers CareLink newsletter and varius links t publicatins. University f Califrnia-San Francisc's Center fr HIV infrmatin. Infrms public n legal issues invlving HIV care, preventin, and treatment. Prvides infrmatin fr researchers and cmmunity planners. Included is link fr Bill f Rights fr thse affected by HIV/AIDS. Whitman-Walker Clinic. Prvides client services including cunseling, advcacy and representatin. Infrmatin regarding legal resurces available t thse with HIV/AIDS

14 San Francisc City Clinic. Educates n STD basics. Prvides links t each STD including phts. sectin t ask Dr. questins n HIV/AIDS, men's sexual health, ral sex, STD symptms and treatment. Syphilis testing infrmatin available. Medical Cllege f Wiscnsin. Prvides links t articles n their HIV research and interventin resurces. Flrida State University Cllege f Medicine. Explains the pathlgy f HIV/AIDS with the textbk f AIDS Pathlgy. Prvides infrmatin n HIV/AIDS, pneumcystis, carinii, cytmegalvirus, mybacteria, fungal infectins, txplasmsis, herpes simplex, gastrintestinal prtzal infectins, malignant neplasms, and miscellaneus. Phts included