Antigen Receptor Structures October 14, Ram Savan

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Antigen Receptor Structures October 14, Ram Savan"

Transcription

1 Antigen Receptor Structures October 14, 2016 Ram Savan 441 Lecture #8 Slide 1 of 28

2 Three lectures on antigen receptors Part 1 (Today): Structural features of the BCR and TCR Janeway Chapter 4 Part 2 (Monday): Assembly of antigen receptor genes Janeway Chapter 5 Part 3 (Wednesday): Somatic diversification of BCRs: Hypermutation and class switch recombination Janeway Chapter Lecture #8 Slide 2 of 28

3 Overview B and T lymphocytes are the cells that comprise the adaptive immune system. To initiate an adaptive immune response, B and T cells recognize foreign entities called antigens, using their surface-bound antigen recognition receptors. Today: the structure of these receptors, B cell receptors first, T cell receptors second 441 Lecture #8 Slide 3 of 28

4 Nomenclature B cell antigen receptor molecules are called Immunoglobulins, or Igs Each B cell expresses Igs of a single antigen specificity Clonal selection theory= One cell one antibody rule Membrane-bound Igs are called B cell receptors, or BCRs Igs secreted by terminally differentiated B cells (plasma cells) are called Antibodies or Abs Ab secretion is the main effector function of B cells in adaptive immunity 441 Lecture #8 Slide 4 of 28

5 Antibody Structure ribbon diagram of an Ab molecule schematic diagram 441 Lecture #8 Slide 5 of 28

6 Antibody Structure Antibody molecules are made of four polypeptide chains: Two identical Light or L chains Two identical Heavy or H chains Abs have TWO identical antigen binding sites made of variable (V) regions of the H and L chains. The less diverse regions of the H and L chains are called constant (C) regions. 441 Lecture #8 Slide 6 of 28

7 Antibody Structure C terminus Disulfide bonds join each L chain to a H chain and the H chains to each other. The arms are joined to the trunk of the Y by a flexible hinge. 441 Lecture #8 Slide 7 of 28

8 Antibodies have flexible hinges Allows antibodies to reach a variety of antigen structures Constant regions stick out from the bound antigen 441 Lecture #8 Slide 8 of 28

9 Several flavors of antibodies The constant regions of each of these isotypes mediates the effector function of the antibody molecule Each isotype is specialized to activate a distinct type of immune response Example: IgM and IgG activate classical complement cascade Variable regions that make the antigen binding site can be grafted onto different constant regions More on this next Wednesday 441 Lecture #8 Slide 9 of 28

10 Protease Cleavage of Ab Molecules Papain cleaves antibodies on the amino terminal side of the S-S bonds that hold the heavy chains together. This results in three pieces: 2 Fab (Fragment Antigen Binding) and 1 Fc (Fragment Crystallizable) This helped immunologists understand what functions are associated with each antibody subunit. 441 Lecture #8 Slide 10 of 28

11 Protease Cleavage of Ab Molecules Pepsin cleaves antibodies on the carboxy terminal side of the S-S bonds that hold the heavy chains together. This results in two pieces: 1 (Fab ) 2 (2 joined Fab fragments) and 1 pfc (partial Fc) Fab 2 fragments are useful tools because they bind antigen well but have no other effector functions. Fabs and Fab 2s are used as drugs in humans 441 Lecture #8 Slide 11 of 28

12 Ig light chain constant and variable domains Each domain consists of polypeptide strands running in opposite directions, arranged in sheets (antiparallel b sheets). The sheets are linked by a disulfide bond and folded (rolled) into b barrels. This domain is the Ig fold, very evolutionarily useful: >750 human genes have them (Heavy chain is similar) 441 Lecture #8 Slide 12 of 28

13 V domains: framework and hypervariable regions 3 especially variable segments within the V H and V L domains: Hypervariable (HV) regions form the loops between the beta sheets. HV3 is the most variable hypervariable region. Framework (F) regions form the beta sheets. Each hypervariable region is encoded by a separate gene segment! (next lecture) 441 Lecture #8 Slide 13 of 28

14 Hypervariable regions form the antigen binding sites Antigen binding site: 3 HV regions from heavy chain 3 HV regions from light chain (Two of these sites per Ab molecule) These regions are complementary to the antigen: complementarity determining regions (CDRs). 441 Lecture #8 Slide 14 of 28

15 Antibodies can bind antigens in very diverse ways Epitopes: conformational shapes on the antigen surface bound by the Ab Epitopes can be proteins, carbohydrates, chemicals, almost anything Interaction is non-covalent: antibodies can let go, based on affinity and avidity 441 Lecture #8 Slide 15 of 28

16 T cell receptors and Igs are built of similar domains Can be membrane-bound OR secreted Binds to soluble antigens (epitopes are in native conformation) Membrane-bound ONLY Binds to peptides presented by MHC molecules 441 Lecture #8 Slide 16 of 28

17 Division between T and B cells is ancient Jawless vertebrates first appeared around 500 million years ago IgZ Jawless fish have lymphocytes that can secrete their receptors (Blike) and cells that have only membrane-bound receptors (T-like) Their receptors look very different from BCRs/TCRs, but the principles of antigen detection are very similar (convergent evolution) Adapted from Nature Reviews Immunology 2, (September 2002) 441 Lecture #8 Slide 17 of 28

18 TCRs resemble one Fab: one arm of the antibody Y Each T cell expresses many copies of a single type of TCR on its surface Most TCRs consist of two disulfide-bonded a and b glycoproteins. Each a and b chain consists of a V and a C domain, and together they form a single antigen binding site per TCR. 441 Lecture #8 Slide 18 of 28

19 T cell receptor structure TCR V regions are homologous to Ig V domains TCR C regions are homologous to Ig C domains The TCR a and b chains have short cytoplasmic tails and positively charged residues in the transmembrane regions. (More on this in another lecture) 441 Lecture #8 Slide 19 of 28

20 T cell receptor crystal structure CDR loops a chain in pink, b chain in blue Hypervariable regions (CDRs): similar organization as in BCR: 3 from the a chain 3 from the b chain Side view of TCR The single antigen binding surface of TCRs is flatter than that of BCRs 441 Lecture #8 Slide 20 of 28

21 Refresher: TCRs bind to peptide-mhc complexes 441 Lecture #8 Slide 21 of 28

22 Refresher: TCRs bind to peptide-mhc complexes Peptide-MHC Class I Peptide-MHC Class II The peptide-loaded MHC forms a continuous 3-dimensional surface 441 Lecture #8 Slide 22 of 28

23 TCR binding to the peptide-mhc complex The TCR contacts both MHC molecule and peptide The six CDRs are focused mostly on the peptide Just as with BCRs, these CDRs are all encoded by separate gene segments 441 Lecture #8 Slide 23 of 28

24 CD4 and CD8 structure CD4: single chain, 4 Ig-like domains. CD8: disulfide bonded heterodimer, 2 Ig-like domains CD4 T cells: Helper T cells, MHC class IIrestricted CD8 T cells: Cytotoxic T cells, MHC Class I- restricted 441 Lecture #8 Slide 24 of 28

25 Coreceptors bind to specific MHC molecules CD4: binds to side Of MHC Class II molecules CD8: binds to side Of MHC Class I molecules 441 Lecture #8 Slide 25 of 28

26 Coreceptors stabilize MHC-peptide interactions Affinity of a TCR for MHC-peptide is fairly low (much lower than Ab-antigen) Coreceptors add binding energy Coreceptors also bring signaling components to the activated TCR (more on this later) 441 Lecture #8 Slide 26 of 28

27 Refresher: helper vs cytotoxic T cells MHC Class I expressed on all nucleated cells MHC-I/peptide : CD8 T cell: T cell usually kills target MHC Class II expressed on specialized antigen-presenting cells: DCs and macrophages, B cells Also expressed on epithelial cells in thymus (more on this later) MHC-II/peptide : CD4 T cell: T cells secrete cytokines to help that cell perform its function 441 Lecture #8 Slide 27 of 28

28 Summary: antigen receptor structure BCRs: soluble, native antigens TCRs: MHC-peptide complexes Antigen receptors use a structural framework as a platform to generate diversity of antigen binding How is this diversity encoded? More on this on Monday 441 Lecture #8 Slide 28 of 28

Immunology - Lecture 2 Adaptive Immune System 1

Immunology - Lecture 2 Adaptive Immune System 1 Immunology - Lecture 2 Adaptive Immune System 1 Book chapters: Molecules of the Adaptive Immunity 6 Adaptive Cells and Organs 7 Generation of Immune Diversity Lymphocyte Antigen Receptors - 8 CD markers

More information

Antigen Recognition by T cells

Antigen Recognition by T cells Antigen Recognition by T cells TCR only recognize foreign Ags displayed on cell surface These Ags can derive from pathogens, which replicate within cells or from pathogens or their products that cells

More information

Generation of antibody diversity October 18, Ram Savan

Generation of antibody diversity October 18, Ram Savan Generation of antibody diversity October 18, 2016 Ram Savan savanram@uw.edu 441 Lecture #10 Slide 1 of 30 Three lectures on antigen receptors Part 1 : Structural features of the BCR and TCR Janeway Chapter

More information

The T cell receptor for MHC-associated peptide antigens

The T cell receptor for MHC-associated peptide antigens 1 The T cell receptor for MHC-associated peptide antigens T lymphocytes have a dual specificity: they recognize polymporphic residues of self MHC molecules, and they also recognize residues of peptide

More information

CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM.

CELL BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: OVERVIEW OF HOST DEFENSES The human body contains three lines of against infectious agents (pathogens) 1. Mechanical and chemical boundaries (part of the innate immune system)

More information

Chapter 5. Generation of lymphocyte antigen receptors

Chapter 5. Generation of lymphocyte antigen receptors Chapter 5 Generation of lymphocyte antigen receptors Structural variation in Ig constant regions Isotype: different class of Ig Heavy-chain C regions are encoded in separate genes Initially, only two of

More information

all of the above the ability to impart long term memory adaptive immunity all of the above bone marrow none of the above

all of the above the ability to impart long term memory adaptive immunity all of the above bone marrow none of the above 1. (3 points) Immediately after a pathogen enters the body, it faces the cells and soluble proteins of the innate immune system. Which of the following are characteristics of innate immunity? a. inflammation

More information

Adaptive Immune System

Adaptive Immune System Short Course on Immunology Adaptive Immune System Bhargavi Duvvuri Ph.D IIIrd Year (Immunology) bhargavi@yorku.ca Supervisor Dr.Gillian E Wu Professor, School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences York University,

More information

Macrophage Activation & Cytokine Release. Dendritic Cells & Antigen Presentation. Neutrophils & Innate Defense

Macrophage Activation & Cytokine Release. Dendritic Cells & Antigen Presentation. Neutrophils & Innate Defense Macrophage Activation & Cytokine Release Dendritic Cells & Antigen Presentation Neutrophils & Innate Defense Neutrophils Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) are recruited to the site of infection where they

More information

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

White Blood Cells (WBCs) YOUR ACTIVE IMMUNE DEFENSES 1 ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE 2! Innate Immunity - invariant (generalized) - early, limited specificity - the first line of defense 1. Barriers - skin, tears 2. Phagocytes - neutrophils,

More information

Structure and Function of Antigen Recognition Molecules

Structure and Function of Antigen Recognition Molecules MICR2209 Structure and Function of Antigen Recognition Molecules Dr Allison Imrie allison.imrie@uwa.edu.au 1 Synopsis: In this lecture we will examine the major receptors used by cells of the innate and

More information

An#body structure & func#on

An#body structure & func#on An#body structure & func#on Objec&ves You should be able to: ü Define an&body ü Describe an&body structure ü Compare between different types or classes of an&body and their func&on An#bodies = Immunoglobulin

More information

Third line of Defense. Topic 8 Specific Immunity (adaptive) (18) 3 rd Line = Prophylaxis via Immunization!

Third line of Defense. Topic 8 Specific Immunity (adaptive) (18) 3 rd Line = Prophylaxis via Immunization! Topic 8 Specific Immunity (adaptive) (18) Topics - 3 rd Line of Defense - B cells - T cells - Specific Immunities 1 3 rd Line = Prophylaxis via Immunization! (a) A painting of Edward Jenner depicts a cow

More information

TEMA 5. ANTICUERPOS Y SUS RECEPTORES

TEMA 5. ANTICUERPOS Y SUS RECEPTORES TEMA 5. ANTICUERPOS Y SUS RECEPTORES The B-cell antigen receptor (left) consists of two identical heavy (H) chains and two identical light (L) chains. In addition, secondary components (Ig-α and Ig-β)

More information

T cell Receptor. Chapter 9. Comparison of TCR αβ T cells

T cell Receptor. Chapter 9. Comparison of TCR αβ T cells Chapter 9 The αβ TCR is similar in size and structure to an antibody Fab fragment T cell Receptor Kuby Figure 9-3 The αβ T cell receptor - Two chains - α and β - Two domains per chain - constant (C) domain

More information

Third line of Defense

Third line of Defense Chapter 15 Specific Immunity and Immunization Topics -3 rd of Defense - B cells - T cells - Specific Immunities Third line of Defense Specific immunity is a complex interaction of immune cells (leukocytes)

More information

Immunobiology 7. The Humoral Immune Response

Immunobiology 7. The Humoral Immune Response Janeway Murphy Travers Walport Immunobiology 7 Chapter 9 The Humoral Immune Response Copyright Garland Science 2008 Tim Worbs Institute of Immunology Hannover Medical School 1 The course of a typical antibody

More information

IMMUNE CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

IMMUNE CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS LECTURE: 07 Title: IMMUNE CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The student should be able to: The chemical nature of the cellular surface receptors. Define the location of the

More information

IMMUNOBIOLOGY, BIOL 537 Exam # 2 Spring 1997

IMMUNOBIOLOGY, BIOL 537 Exam # 2 Spring 1997 Name I. TRUE-FALSE (1 point each) IMMUNOBIOLOGY, BIOL 537 Exam # 2 Spring 1997 Which of the following is TRUE or FALSE relating to immunogenicity of an antigen and T and B cell responsiveness to antigen?

More information

Defensive mechanisms include :

Defensive mechanisms include : Acquired Immunity Defensive mechanisms include : 1) Innate immunity (Natural or Non specific) 2) Acquired immunity (Adaptive or Specific) Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Two mechanisms 1) Humoral

More information

Andrea s SI Session PCB Practice Test Test 3

Andrea s SI Session PCB Practice Test Test 3 Practice Test Test 3 READ BEFORE STARTING PRACTICE TEST: Remember to please use this practice test as a tool to measure your knowledge, and DO NOT use it as your only tool to study for the test, since

More information

Chapter 17B: Adaptive Immunity Part II

Chapter 17B: Adaptive Immunity Part II Chapter 17B: Adaptive Immunity Part II 1. Cell-Mediated Immune Response 2. Humoral Immune Response 3. Antibodies 1. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response Basic Steps of Cell-Mediated IR 1 2a CD4 + MHC cl.

More information

Two categories of immune response. immune response. infection. (adaptive) Later immune response. immune response

Two categories of immune response. immune response. infection. (adaptive) Later immune response. immune response Ivana FELLNEROVÁ E-mail: fellneri@hotmail.com, mob. 732154801 Basic immunogenetic terminology innate and adaptive immunity specificity and polymorphism immunoglobuline gene superfamily immunogenetics MHC

More information

Principles of Adaptive Immunity

Principles of Adaptive Immunity Principles of Adaptive Immunity Chapter 3 Parham Hans de Haard 17 th of May 2010 Agenda Recognition molecules of adaptive immune system Features adaptive immune system Immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors

More information

Helminth worm, Schistosomiasis Trypanosomes, sleeping sickness Pneumocystis carinii. Ringworm fungus HIV Influenza

Helminth worm, Schistosomiasis Trypanosomes, sleeping sickness Pneumocystis carinii. Ringworm fungus HIV Influenza Helminth worm, Schistosomiasis Trypanosomes, sleeping sickness Pneumocystis carinii Ringworm fungus HIV Influenza Candida Staph aureus Mycobacterium tuberculosis Listeria Salmonella Streptococcus Levels

More information

The Generation of Specific Immunity

The Generation of Specific Immunity The Generation of Specific Immunity Antibody structure! Antibodies classified by specificity (antigen, binding site) and class (general structure, function)! Differences in variable regions produce different

More information

The Adaptive Immune Response. T-cells

The Adaptive Immune Response. T-cells The Adaptive Immune Response T-cells T Lymphocytes T lymphocytes develop from precursors in the thymus. Mature T cells are found in the blood, where they constitute 60% to 70% of lymphocytes, and in T-cell

More information

Test Bank for Basic Immunology Functions and Disorders of the Immune System 4th Edition by Abbas

Test Bank for Basic Immunology Functions and Disorders of the Immune System 4th Edition by Abbas Test Bank for Basic Immunology Functions and Disorders of the Immune System 4th Edition by Abbas Chapter 04: Antigen Recognition in the Adaptive Immune System Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Most T lymphocytes

More information

Introduction to Immunology Part 2 September 30, Dan Stetson

Introduction to Immunology Part 2 September 30, Dan Stetson Introduction to Immunology Part 2 September 30, 2016 Dan Stetson stetson@uw.edu 441 Lecture #2 Slide 1 of 26 CLASS ANNOUNCEMENT PLEASE NO TREE NUTS IN CLASS!!! (Peanuts, walnuts, almonds, cashews, etc)

More information

COURSE: Medical Microbiology, MBIM 650/720 - Fall TOPIC: Antigen Processing, MHC Restriction, & Role of Thymus Lecture 12

COURSE: Medical Microbiology, MBIM 650/720 - Fall TOPIC: Antigen Processing, MHC Restriction, & Role of Thymus Lecture 12 COURSE: Medical Microbiology, MBIM 650/720 - Fall 2008 TOPIC: Antigen Processing, MHC Restriction, & Role of Thymus Lecture 12 FACULTY: Dr. Mayer Office: Bldg. #1, Rm B32 Phone: 733-3281 Email: MAYER@MED.SC.EDU

More information

Please check the slides

Please check the slides Quick review of main concepts: The major plasma proteins are : albumin, globulin and fibrenogen globulin consists of 3 types: α, β and γ α globulin is divided into 2 types : α1 (includes α1 antitrypsin

More information

Antigen Presentation to T lymphocytes

Antigen Presentation to T lymphocytes Antigen Presentation to T lymphocytes Immunology 441 Lectures 6 & 7 Chapter 6 October 10 & 12, 2016 Jessica Hamerman jhamerman@benaroyaresearch.org Office hours by arrangement Antibodies and T cell receptors

More information

Adaptive Immunity: Humoral Immune Responses

Adaptive Immunity: Humoral Immune Responses MICR2209 Adaptive Immunity: Humoral Immune Responses Dr Allison Imrie 1 Synopsis: In this lecture we will review the different mechanisms which constitute the humoral immune response, and examine the antibody

More information

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) An introduction to adaptive immune system before we discuss MHC B cells The main cells of adaptive immune system are: -B cells -T cells B cells: Recognize antigens

More information

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and T Cell Receptors

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and T Cell Receptors Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and T Cell Receptors Historical Background Genes in the MHC were first identified as being important genes in rejection of transplanted tissues Genes within the MHC

More information

Antibody-Cytokine- Autoimmune

Antibody-Cytokine- Autoimmune Antibody-Cytokine- Autoimmune Surasak Wongratanacheewin, Ph.D Dean, Graduate School, KKU Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, KKU sura_wng@kku.ac.th การอบรมหล กส ตรประกาศน ยบ ตรการข นทะเบ ยนช วว ตถ ว นท

More information

VMC-221: Veterinary Immunology and Serology (1+1) Question Bank

VMC-221: Veterinary Immunology and Serology (1+1) Question Bank VMC-221: Veterinary Immunology and Serology (1+1) Objective type Questions Question Bank Q. No. 1 - Fill up the blanks with correct words 1. The British physician, who developed the first vaccine against

More information

2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Exposure to pathogens naturally activates the immune system. Takes days to be effective Pearson Education, Inc.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Exposure to pathogens naturally activates the immune system. Takes days to be effective Pearson Education, Inc. The innate immune interact with the adaptive immune system 1. Damage to skin causes bleeding = bradykinin activated, resulting in inflammation 2. Dendritic phagocytose pathogens Adaptive immunity 4. Dendritic

More information

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host 17 Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host SLOs Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity, and humoral and cellular immunity. Define antigen, epitope, and hapten. Explain the function

More information

Antibodies and T Cell Receptor Genetics Generation of Antigen Receptor Diversity

Antibodies and T Cell Receptor Genetics Generation of Antigen Receptor Diversity Antibodies and T Cell Receptor Genetics 2008 Peter Burrows 4-6529 peterb@uab.edu Generation of Antigen Receptor Diversity Survival requires B and T cell receptor diversity to respond to the diversity of

More information

1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity

1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity Chapter 17A: Adaptive Immunity Part I 1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity 2. T and B Cell Production 3. Antigens & Antigen Presentation 4. Helper T cells 1. Overview of Adaptive Immunity The Nature of Adaptive

More information

Foundations in Microbiology

Foundations in Microbiology Foundations in Microbiology Fifth Edition Talaro Chapter 15 The Acquisition of Specific Immunity and Its Applications Chapter 15 2 Chapter Overview 1. Development of the Dual Lymphocyte System 2. Entrance

More information

For questions 1-5, match the following with their correct descriptions. (24-39) A. Class I B. Class II C. Class III D. TH1 E. TH2

For questions 1-5, match the following with their correct descriptions. (24-39) A. Class I B. Class II C. Class III D. TH1 E. TH2 Questions Made by SI ATTENDEES!! :) Page 1 of 6 Student-Made Practice Exam Activity All questions, answers, and slide numbers are based off of Monday s SI activity, where students/attendees created possible

More information

Innate immunity (rapid response) Dendritic cell. Macrophage. Natural killer cell. Complement protein. Neutrophil

Innate immunity (rapid response) Dendritic cell. Macrophage. Natural killer cell. Complement protein. Neutrophil 1 The immune system The immune response The immune system comprises two arms functioning cooperatively to provide a comprehensive protective response: the innate and the adaptive immune system. The innate

More information

MHC class I MHC class II Structure of MHC antigens:

MHC class I MHC class II Structure of MHC antigens: MHC class I MHC class II Structure of MHC antigens: MHC class I antigens consist of a transmembrane heavy chain (α chain) that is non-covalently associated with β2- microglobulin. Membrane proximal domain

More information

Adaptive (acquired) immunity. Professor Peter Delves University College London

Adaptive (acquired) immunity. Professor Peter Delves University College London Adaptive (acquired) immunity Professor Peter Delves University College London p.delves@ucl.ac.uk Haematopoiesis Haematopoiesis Lymphocytes = adaptive response Recognition of pathogens by adaptive cells,

More information

How T cells recognize antigen: The T Cell Receptor (TCR) Identifying the TCR: Why was it so hard to do? Monoclonal antibody approach

How T cells recognize antigen: The T Cell Receptor (TCR) Identifying the TCR: Why was it so hard to do? Monoclonal antibody approach How T cells recognize antigen: The T Cell Receptor (TCR) Identifying the TCR: Why was it so hard to do By the early 1980s, much about T cell function was known, but the receptor genes had not been identified

More information

A second type of TCR TCR: An αβ heterodimer

A second type of TCR TCR: An αβ heterodimer How s recognize antigen: The T Cell Receptor (TCR) Identifying the TCR: Why was it so hard to do By the early 1980s, much about function was known, but the receptor genes had not been identified Recall

More information

ANTIBODIES Jiri Mestecky, M.D., Ph.D. - Lecturer

ANTIBODIES Jiri Mestecky, M.D., Ph.D. - Lecturer ANTIBODIES Jiri Mestecky, M.D., Ph.D. - Lecturer Distribution in body fluids: secretions plasma (serum), tears, saliva, milk, genitourinary, and intestinal Cells producing antibodies and their tissue distribution:

More information

Lecture 18-2 Essentials of Immunology

Lecture 18-2 Essentials of Immunology How does our body defend itself? Lecture 18-2 Essentials of Immunology CHAPTER 22 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS School of Life Science and Biotechnology, http://micro.sjtu.edu.cn 18.5 Presentation

More information

The Adaptive Immune Response. B-cells

The Adaptive Immune Response. B-cells The Adaptive Immune Response B-cells The innate immune system provides immediate protection. The adaptive response takes time to develop and is antigen specific. Activation of B and T lymphocytes Naive

More information

Basic Immunology. Lecture 5 th and 6 th Recognition by MHC. Antigen presentation and MHC restriction

Basic Immunology. Lecture 5 th and 6 th Recognition by MHC. Antigen presentation and MHC restriction Basic Immunology Lecture 5 th and 6 th Recognition by MHC. Antigen presentation and MHC restriction Molecular structure of MHC, subclasses, genetics, functions. Antigen presentation and MHC restriction.

More information

I. Critical Vocabulary

I. Critical Vocabulary I. Critical Vocabulary A. Immune System: a set of glands, tissues, cells, and dissolved proteins that combine to defend against non-self entities B. Antigen: any non-self chemical that triggers an immune

More information

SINGLE CHOICE. 5. The gamma invariant chain binds to this molecule during its intracytoplasmic transport. A TCR B BCR C MHC II D MHC I E FcγR

SINGLE CHOICE. 5. The gamma invariant chain binds to this molecule during its intracytoplasmic transport. A TCR B BCR C MHC II D MHC I E FcγR A Name: Group: SINGLE CHOICE 1. Which is the most important ligand of TLR5? A endospore B flagellin C polysaccharide capsule D DNA E pilus 2. The antibody-binding site is formed primarily by... A the constant

More information

Essentials in Immunology Prof. Anjali A. Karande Department of Biochemistry Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

Essentials in Immunology Prof. Anjali A. Karande Department of Biochemistry Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Essentials in Immunology Prof. Anjali A. Karande Department of Biochemistry Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Lecture No. # 07 Development and differentiation of B cells Today s lecture is on the

More information

HLA and antigen presentation. Department of Immunology Charles University, 2nd Medical School University Hospital Motol

HLA and antigen presentation. Department of Immunology Charles University, 2nd Medical School University Hospital Motol HLA and antigen presentation Department of Immunology Charles University, 2nd Medical School University Hospital Motol MHC in adaptive immunity Characteristics Specificity Innate For structures shared

More information

Attribution: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Attribution: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Attribution: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunology License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution

More information

Page 4: Antigens: Self-Antigens The body has a vast number of its own antigens called self-antigens. These normally do not trigger immune responses.

Page 4: Antigens: Self-Antigens The body has a vast number of its own antigens called self-antigens. These normally do not trigger immune responses. Common Characteristics of B and T Lymphocytes Graphics are used with permission of Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com). Page 1: Introduction While B and T lymphocytes

More information

NAME TA. Problem sets will NOT be accepted late.

NAME TA. Problem sets will NOT be accepted late. MIT Department of Biology 7.013: Introductory Biology - Spring 2004 Instructors: Professor Hazel Sive, Professor Tyler Jacks, Dr. Claudette Gardel NAME TA 7.013 Problem Set 7 FRIDAY April 16 th 2004 Problem

More information

chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response

chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response defense against infection & illness body defenses innate/ non-specific adaptable/ specific epithelium, fever, inflammation, complement,

More information

Immunology Basics Relevant to Cancer Immunotherapy: T Cell Activation, Costimulation, and Effector T Cells

Immunology Basics Relevant to Cancer Immunotherapy: T Cell Activation, Costimulation, and Effector T Cells Immunology Basics Relevant to Cancer Immunotherapy: T Cell Activation, Costimulation, and Effector T Cells Andrew H. Lichtman, M.D. Ph.D. Department of Pathology Brigham and Women s Hospital and Harvard

More information

Molecular Pathology of Lymphoma (Part 1) Rex K.H. Au-Yeung Department of Pathology, HKU

Molecular Pathology of Lymphoma (Part 1) Rex K.H. Au-Yeung Department of Pathology, HKU Molecular Pathology of Lymphoma (Part 1) Rex K.H. Au-Yeung Department of Pathology, HKU Lecture outline Time 10:00 11:00 11:15 12:10 12:20 13:15 Content Introduction to lymphoma Review of lymphocyte biology

More information

Significance of the MHC

Significance of the MHC CHAPTER 7 Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) What is is MHC? HLA H-2 Minor histocompatibility antigens Peter Gorer & George Sneell (1940) Significance of the MHC role in immune response role in organ

More information

Immunology for the Rheumatologist

Immunology for the Rheumatologist Immunology for the Rheumatologist Rheumatologists frequently deal with the immune system gone awry, rarely studying normal immunology. This program is an overview and discussion of the function of the

More information

Immunology. Overview. Kris.ne Kra1s, M.D.

Immunology. Overview. Kris.ne Kra1s, M.D. Immunology Overview Kris.ne Kra1s, M.D. Immunology Overview Defini.ons Cells Lymphocytes An.gen-presen.ng cells Effector cells Responses The innate immune response Capturing and displaying an.gens Cell-mediated

More information

The Adaptive Immune Responses

The Adaptive Immune Responses The Adaptive Immune Responses The two arms of the immune responses are; 1) the cell mediated, and 2) the humoral responses. In this chapter we will discuss the two responses in detail and we will start

More information

[Some people are Rh positive and some are Rh negative whether they have the D antigen on the surface of their cells or not].

[Some people are Rh positive and some are Rh negative whether they have the D antigen on the surface of their cells or not]. Few things to add to agglutination subject: When you agglutinate red blood cells (hemagglutination) you cross link the antigens that are present on two adjacent red blood cells, and of course red blood

More information

Adaptive Immune Response Day 2. The Adaptive Immune Response

Adaptive Immune Response Day 2. The Adaptive Immune Response Adaptive Immune Response Day 2 Chapter 16 The Adaptive Immune Response 1 The B cell receptor vs. the T cell receptor. The B cell receptor vs. the T cell receptor. 2 Which T cells have CD4 and which have

More information

Chapter 1. Chapter 1 Concepts. MCMP422 Immunology and Biologics Immunology is important personally and professionally!

Chapter 1. Chapter 1 Concepts. MCMP422 Immunology and Biologics Immunology is important personally and professionally! MCMP422 Immunology and Biologics Immunology is important personally and professionally! Learn the language - use the glossary and index RNR - Reading, Note taking, Reviewing All materials in Chapters 1-3

More information

بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم. Immunology lecture 7

بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم. Immunology lecture 7 بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم Immunology lecture 7 Last time we studied the B cell receptor which is IgM & IgD. Today we will talk about the T Cell Receptor which is the TCR #TCR: it is the receptor that belongs

More information

HLA and antigen presentation. Department of Immunology Charles University, 2nd Medical School University Hospital Motol

HLA and antigen presentation. Department of Immunology Charles University, 2nd Medical School University Hospital Motol HLA and antigen presentation Department of Immunology Charles University, 2nd Medical School University Hospital Motol MHC in adaptive immunity Characteristics Specificity Innate For structures shared

More information

Chapter 11. B cell generation, Activation, and Differentiation. Pro-B cells. - B cells mature in the bone marrow.

Chapter 11. B cell generation, Activation, and Differentiation. Pro-B cells. - B cells mature in the bone marrow. Chapter B cell generation, Activation, and Differentiation - B cells mature in the bone marrow. - B cells proceed through a number of distinct maturational stages: ) Pro-B cell ) Pre-B cell ) Immature

More information

Antigen processing and presentation. Monika Raulf

Antigen processing and presentation. Monika Raulf Antigen processing and presentation Monika Raulf Lecture 25.04.2018 What is Antigen presentation? AP is the display of peptide antigens (created via antigen processing) on the cell surface together with

More information

T cell development October 28, Dan Stetson

T cell development October 28, Dan Stetson T cell development October 28, 2016 Dan Stetson stetson@uw.edu 441 Lecture #13 Slide 1 of 29 Three lectures on T cells (Chapters 8, 9) Part 1 (Today): T cell development in the thymus Chapter 8, pages

More information

The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types *

The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types * OpenStax-CNX module: m46560 1 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution

More information

Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions

Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions Chapter 23 Immunity Exam Study Questions 1. Define 1) Immunity 2) Neutrophils 3) Macrophage 4) Epitopes 5) Interferon 6) Complement system 7) Histamine 8) Mast cells 9) Antigen 10) Antigens receptors 11)

More information

Immune System AP SBI4UP

Immune System AP SBI4UP Immune System AP SBI4UP TYPES OF IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY EXTERNAL DEFENCES INTERNAL DEFENCES HUMORAL RESPONSE Skin Phagocytic Cells CELL- MEDIATED RESPONSE Mucus layer Antimicrobial

More information

Significance of the MHC

Significance of the MHC CHAPTER 8 Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) What is is MHC? HLA H-2 Minor histocompatibility antigens Peter Gorer & George Sneell (1940) Significance of the MHC role in immune response role in organ

More information

the HLA complex Hanna Mustaniemi,

the HLA complex Hanna Mustaniemi, the HLA complex Hanna Mustaniemi, 28.11.2007 The Major Histocompatibility Complex Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a gene region found in nearly all vertebrates encodes proteins with important

More information

LECTURE: 21. Title IMMUNOGLOBULINS FUNCTIONS & THEIR RECEPTORS LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

LECTURE: 21. Title IMMUNOGLOBULINS FUNCTIONS & THEIR RECEPTORS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LECTURE: 21 Title IMMUNOGLOBULINS FUNCTIONS & THEIR RECEPTORS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The student should be able to: Determine predominant immunoglobulin isotypes in serum. Determine the predominant immunoglobulin

More information

BIO 311C Spring Lecture 15 Friday 26 Feb. 1

BIO 311C Spring Lecture 15 Friday 26 Feb. 1 BIO 311C Spring 2010 Lecture 15 Friday 26 Feb. 1 Illustration of a Polypeptide amino acids peptide bonds Review Polypeptide (chain) See textbook, Fig 5.21, p. 82 for a more clear illustration Folding and

More information

remember that T-cell signal determine what antibody to be produce class switching somatical hypermutation all takes place after interaction with

remember that T-cell signal determine what antibody to be produce class switching somatical hypermutation all takes place after interaction with بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم The last lecture we discussed the antigen processing and presentation and antigen recognition then the activation by T lymphocyte and today we will continue with B cell recognition

More information

Introduction. Introduction. Lymphocyte development (maturation)

Introduction. Introduction. Lymphocyte development (maturation) Introduction Abbas Chapter 8: Lymphocyte Development and the Rearrangement and Expression of Antigen Receptor Genes Christina Ciaccio, MD Children s Mercy Hospital January 5, 2009 Lymphocyte development

More information

Development Team. Head, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi. Department of Zoology, University of Delhi

Development Team. Head, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi. Department of Zoology, University of Delhi Paper No.: 10: Module : 03: cells, BCR, TCR, Co-receptors, properties of antigen recognized by Development Team Principal Investigator: Co-Principal Investigator: Paper Coordinator: Content Writer: Content

More information

Chapter 11. B cell generation, Activation, and Differentiation. Pro-B cells. - B cells mature in the bone marrow.

Chapter 11. B cell generation, Activation, and Differentiation. Pro-B cells. - B cells mature in the bone marrow. Chapter B cell generation, Activation, and Differentiation - B cells mature in the bone marrow. - B cells proceed through a number of distinct maturational stages: ) Pro-B cell ) Pre-B cell ) Immature

More information

The Immune System. These are classified as the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Innate Immunity

The Immune System. These are classified as the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Innate Immunity The Immune System Biological mechanisms that defend an organism must be 1. triggered by a stimulus upon injury or pathogen attack 2. able to counteract the injury or invasion 3. able to recognise foreign

More information

T Cell Receptor & T Cell Development

T Cell Receptor & T Cell Development T Cell Receptor & T Cell Development Questions for the next 2 lectures: How do you generate a diverse T cell population with functional TCR rearrangements? How do you generate a T cell population that

More information

Generation of the Immune Response

Generation of the Immune Response Generation of the Immune Response Sheet 18 immunity I only added extra notes that were explained in the lecture, refer back to the slides. SLIDE 3: In the generation of Immune response whether by B or

More information

Antigen-Independent B-Cell Development Bone Marrow

Antigen-Independent B-Cell Development Bone Marrow Antigen-Independent B-Cell Development Bone Marrow 1. DNA rearrangements establish the primary repertoire, creating diversity 2. Allelic exclusion ensures that each clone expresses a single antibody on

More information

Adaptive Immunity. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R

Adaptive Immunity. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 16 Adaptive Immunity The Body s Third Line of Defense Adaptive Immunity Adaptive immunity

More information

Cell Mediated Immunity (I) Dr. Aws Alshamsan Department of Pharmaceu5cs Office: AA87 Tel:

Cell Mediated Immunity (I) Dr. Aws Alshamsan Department of Pharmaceu5cs Office: AA87 Tel: Cell Mediated Immunity (I) Dr. Aws Alshamsan Department of Pharmaceu5cs Office: AA87 Tel: 4677363 aalshamsan@ksu.edu.sa Learning Objectives By the end of this lecture you will be able to: 1 Understand

More information

Adaptive Immunity. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R

Adaptive Immunity. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R CSLO7. Describe functions of host defenses and the immune system in combating infectious diseases and explain how immunizations protect against specific diseases. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared

More information

Adaptive immunity. Adaptive Immunity. Principles of immune defense. Adaptive immunity. against extracellular or intracellular pathogens

Adaptive immunity. Adaptive Immunity. Principles of immune defense. Adaptive immunity. against extracellular or intracellular pathogens Principles of immune defense Toxicology Course Vienna MODULE 12 Immunotoxicology, Allergy July 2, 2008 Prof. Erika Jensen-Jarolim, MD Dept. of Pathophysiology Medical University Vienna Gastrointestinaltrakt:

More information

MCB 4211 Basic Immunology 2nd Exam; 10/26/17 Peoplesoft #:

MCB 4211 Basic Immunology 2nd Exam; 10/26/17 Peoplesoft #: For this first section, circle the letter that precedes the best answer for each of the following multiple-choice questions. LOOK AT ALL ALTERNATIVES BEFORE CHOOSING YOUR ANSWER. 1. The TcR (T cell receptor)

More information

All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity

All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The Immune System All animals have innate immunity, a defense active immediately upon infection Vertebrates also have adaptive immunity Figure 43.2 In innate immunity, recognition and

More information

Medical Virology Immunology. Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University

Medical Virology Immunology. Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Medical Virology Immunology Dr. Sameer Naji, MB, BCh, PhD (UK) Head of Basic Medical Sciences Dept. Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University Human blood cells Phases of immune responses Microbe Naïve

More information

a) The statement is true for X = 400, but false for X = 300; b) The statement is true for X = 300, but false for X = 200;

a) The statement is true for X = 400, but false for X = 300; b) The statement is true for X = 300, but false for X = 200; 1. Consider the following statement. To produce one molecule of each possible kind of polypeptide chain, X amino acids in length, would require more atoms than exist in the universe. Given the size of

More information

Corso di Immunologia A.A Immunoglobuline. Struttura e Funzione

Corso di Immunologia A.A Immunoglobuline. Struttura e Funzione Corso di Immunologia A.A. 2009-10 Immunoglobuline Struttura e Funzione 1 Definitions Immunoglobulins (Ig) - Glycoprotein molecules which are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen and which

More information

LECTURE: 23 T-AND B-LYMPHOCYTES COOPERATIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The student should be able to:

LECTURE: 23 T-AND B-LYMPHOCYTES COOPERATIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The student should be able to: LECTURE: 23 Title T-AND B-LYMPHOCYTES COOPERATIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The student should be able to: Enumerate the major types of T-helper cells surface molecules, and that expressed on the B-lymphocytes

More information

Development of B and T lymphocytes

Development of B and T lymphocytes Development of B and T lymphocytes What will we discuss today? B-cell development T-cell development B- cell development overview Stem cell In periphery Pro-B cell Pre-B cell Immature B cell Mature B cell

More information