346 Index Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), 334 Cellulose Sulfate/Ushercell, 334 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Prevention

Transcription

1 Index 345 Index A Abbott LCx, 170 Abstinence-only messages, 12 Abuse patient history, 285 Acidform, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). See also Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) case definitions, 110t history, 4 incidence, 6t indicator conditions, 111t National Hotline, 16, 67 partner notification, 116 Actinomyces PID, 187 Acute proctitis, 159 Acyclovir genital herpes, 59t, 60 HSV, 64 Affirm VP II System, 234 AIDS. See Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) American Social Health Association, 16, 67 Amoxicillin chlamydial infections, 145 Ampicillin PID, 194t Amplicor CT/NG Test, 170 Anal intercourse HIV, , 105t Anogenitorectal syndrome lymphogranuloma venereum, 246 APTIMA Combo 2 Assay, 170 Arthritis, reactive chlamydial infections, 135 Azithromycin chancroid, 254t chlamydial infections, 13, 143t, 144t, 145 gonorrhea, 173t 345 B Bacterial vaginosis (BV), PID, 187 Bacteroides, PID, 185 Barrier methods, female, Bartholinitis, chlamydial infections, 133 Bartholin s abscess, BCA. See Bichloracetic acid (BCA) BD ProbeTec ET system, 170 Behaviors changes clinicians, 292 identifying patient readiness, 291t patient-clinical communication supporting, sexual risk assessment, STI history, Benzathine penicillin G, syphilis, 221t Bichloracetic acid (BCA), genital warts, Bubo chancroid, male, 250f BufferGel, Burrows Ink Test, 270 BV. See Bacterial vaginosis (BV) C Calymmatobacterium granulomatis, 256 CAP. See Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) Carbon dioxide laser therapy, genital herpes, 40 Carraguard, 333 CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Cefixime, gonorrhea, 173t, 174t, 176 Cefotetan, PID, 194t Cefoxitin gonorrhea, 174t PID, 192t, 194t Ceftriaxone chancroid, 254t gonorrhea, 173t, 174t, 176 PID, 192t

2 346 Index Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), 334 Cellulose Sulfate/Ushercell, 334 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Prevention Information Network, 16 National STD/AIDS Hotline, 16 STD treatment guidelines, 1, 2t chancroid, 254t genital warts, 32t 33t granuloma inguinale, 259t LGV, 249t pediculosis pubis, 275t scabies, 271t trichomoniasis, 236t Cervical motion tenderness (CMT), Cervicitis, chlamydial infections, Cervix, gonococcal infections treatment, 173t, 176 Chamberlain-Kahn Act, 4 Chancroid, 243, CDC treatment guidelines, 254t clinical manifestations, 251, 252f, 255f diagnosis, 253 etiology, 251 incidence, 250 partner notification, 255 pregnancy, 255 prevalence, 250 risk factors, 250 transmission, treatment, vaccines, Chlamydial infections, case study, 148 clinical manifestations, , 132t female, , 132t male, complications, 146 diagnosis, 142 etiology, 129 female, 7, 8 follow-up, 145 gonorrhea, 128 incidence, 5, 6t, 128 male condoms, newborn, partner notification, 146 pregnancy, prevalence, 128 prevention, 147 risk factors, 129 screening, single-dose therapies, 13 testing, , 137t 139t transmission, 129 treatment, urine-based testing, 13 young adults incidence, 7t prevalence, 7t Chlamydial neonatal conjunctivitis, Chlamydia trachomatis, growth cycle, 130f identification, 4 LGV, 244 PID, 185 screening, vaccines, Ciprofloxacin chancroid, 254t gonorrhea, 173t Circumcision, HIV, 106 Clindamycin, PID, 194t Clinician behavior changes, 292 CMT. See Cervical motion tenderness (CMT) CMV. See Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Comfort STI diagnosis, Commercial sex workers, 10 Communication. See also Patient clinical communication cultural competence, nonverbal, Complement fixation, LGV, 248 Condoms genital herpes, 65 HIV, male, chlamydial infections, genital herpes, 310 hypothetical relative risk model, 308t materials, 312 sizes and features, , 313t use, , 314t microbicides,

3 Index 347 Condyloma acuminata, 29, 30f, 31f Condyloma lata secondary syphilis, 213f Conjunctival swabs chlamydial infections, 139t testing, 167t Conjunctivitis chlamydial neonatal, gonococcal, 161 treatment, 174t Contraceptives, oral HIV, Contraceptive sponge, Counseling. See Patient education Crab louse, 273 C-reactive protein (CRP) Crown of Venus, 213 CRP. See C-reactive protein (CRP) Cryotherapy, genital warts, 33t, Cultural competence, communication, effective approaches, patient expectations, 297 physical exam, 297 Culture (laboratory) chlamydial infections, trichomoniasis, 234 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine, 14 D Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), 108 DFA. See Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) DGE. See Disseminated gonococcal infections (DGE) DGI. See Disseminated gonococcal infections (DGI) Digene Hybrid Captive assay, 169 Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) chlamydial infections, 140 Disseminated gonococcal infections (DGE), diagnosis, 168t Disseminated gonococcal infections (DGI), 156 DMPA. See Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) DNA probe, chlamydial infections, 140 DNA testing, HPV, 27 Donovan bodies, Dowry murder, 10 Doxycycline chlamydial infections, 143t, 144t gonorrhea, 173t granuloma inguinale, 259t LGV, 249t PID, 192t, 194t syphilis, 220 E Ectoparasites, Ectopic pregnancy upper female genital tract infections, 197 Education about diagnosis, 287 HPV, 41 sex, 12 EIA. See Enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) Endocervical swabs chlamydial infections, 137t gonorrhea, 164t Endometrial biopsy upper female genital tract infections, 189, 191 Enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) chlamydial infections, 140 Epididymitis, chlamydial infections, 134 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Erythromycin chancroid, 254t chlamydial infections, 143t, 144t gonorrhea, 174t LGV, 249t Escherichia coli, PID, 185 ESR. See Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) F Famciclovir genital herpes, 59t, 60 Famvir genital herpes, 59t, 60

4 348 Index Female(s). See also Upper female genital tract infections barrier methods, chlamydial infections, 7, 8 clinical manifestations, external genitalia abscesses, gonorrhea, 7 herpes, 7 HIV, 8 HPV, 7, 8 inguinal lymphogranuloma venereum, 247f labia vulvar condylomata accuminata, 23f syphilis, 8 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test syphilis, G Genital herpes, case study, CDC guidelines, 59t, 63t clinical manifestations, combination therapies, counseling, diagnosis, 58 etiology, 51 incidence, 7t, male condoms, 310 partner notification, 65 pregnancy, prevalence, 48 prevention, resources, risk factors, 49 surgery, 40 testing techniques, transmission, treatment, initial, recurrent, 61 vaccines, Genital herpes syndrome defined, 51t Genital infections female external abscesses, male gonorrheal infections, 158 Genital tract infections. See Upper female genital tract infections Genital warts, CDC treatment guidelines, 32t 33t differential diagnosis, 31 treatment, 31 32, 36t Gentamycin, PID, 194t Gestures, cultural competence, 299 Gonococcal conjunctivitis, 161 treatment, 174t, 176 Gonococcal emboli skin lesions, 162f Gonococcal infections children, 163 pregnancy, 174t Gonococcal urethritis, 158 Gonorrheal infections, case study, chlamydial infections, 128 clinical manifestations, DGE, 156, diagnosis, 168t diagnosis, etiology, female, 7 genital infections, history, 3 4 HIV, 106 incidence, 5, 6t, 7t, male condoms, 309 male genital infections, 158 partner notification, 177 pregnancy, prevalence, 7t, 153 prevention, 178 risk factors, 154 single-dose therapies, 13 testing, , 164t 168t transmission, treatment, urine-based testing, 13 young adults, 7t Gonostat, Gram stains, chancroid, 253 Granuloma inguinale, 243, CDC treatment guidelines, 259t clinical presentation, diagnosis,

5 Index 349 etiology, 256 incidence, 256 partner notification, 258 pregnancy, 258 prevalence, 256 transmission, 256 treatment, 258 Groove sign lymphogranuloma venereum, 246 H HAART. See Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) Haemophilus ducreyi, vaccines, Haemophilus influenza, PID, 185 HAV. See Hepatitis A virus (HAV) HAVRIX, 76 HBV. See Hepatitis B virus (HBV) HCC. See Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HCV. See Hepatitis C virus (HCV) HDV. See Hepatitis D virus (HDV) Health care disparities, 296 Healthy People 2010, 296 Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 16 Hepatitis A virus (HAV), 71 clinical presentation, diagnosis, 74 etiology, incidence, 72 partner notification, 75 postexposure prophylaxis, pregnancy, 75 prevalence, 72 prevention, transmission, 73 treatment, vaccines, 76, 77t Hepatitis B virus (HBV), 71, clinical presentation, 79 diagnosis, 80 etiology, 78 follow-up, 81 incidence, 7t, 78 partner notification, postexposure prophylaxis, pregnancy, prevalence, 78 prevention, risk factors, 79 serological markers, 80t transmission, treatment, 81 vaccine, 14, 84t, 85t, Hepatitis C virus (HCV), 71 clinical manifestations, 89 diagnosis, etiology, 86 follow-up, incidence, partner notification, 91 pregnancy, prevalence, prevention, 92 risk factors, 87 testing, 89t transmission, treatment, 90 Hepatitis D virus (HDV), 80, case study, 93 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 71 Herpes. See also Genital herpes female, 7 National Hotline, 67 HerpeSelect, 56 Herpes infections, neonatal, Herpes simplex virus (HSV) history, 47 recurrent infections, 53 54, 54f type-specific serological tests, 56t vaccines, 325 Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 history, 4 5 Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 neonatal, 48f vaccine, 14 Herpes Web, 67 Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 99, HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) HPV. See Human papilloma virus (HPV) HSV. See Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

6 350 Index Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 1. See also Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) acute symptoms, 109 African-Americans, 10 alloimmunization, 108 case study, 119 cervical ectopy, clinical manifestations, 109 condoms, 12 controversial risk factors, 109 etiology, female, 8 genetic factors, 107 HAART, 118 heterosexual transmission, history, 4 hormonal contraception, 107 incidence, 5, 7t, worldwide, 101 male circumcision, 106 male condoms, 308 microbicides, 118 nonoccupational exposure prophylaxis, , 114t occupational exposure prophylaxis, oral contraceptives, other STI, 119 postexposure prophylaxis, diagnostic tests, 115 pregnancy, prevalence, prevention, rapid tests, 13 risk factors, , 105t sexual transmission co-infection, 106 viral titers, 105 testing techniques, treatment, vaccines, 326 Human papilloma virus (HPV), case study, 43 clinical manifestations, diagnosis, 31 DNA testing, 27 I etiology, female, 7, 8 follow-up, 41 history, 4 incidence, 7t, male condoms, partner notification, 42 patient education and counseling, 41 pregnancy, 42 prevalence, risk factors, 24, 28t testing, 31 transmission, treatment, vaccines, 14, 42 43, Imiquimod, 13 genital warts, 32t, 37 Immune globulin, HAV, 76t Inguinal lymphogranuloma venereum, male, 247f InPouch, 234 International Herpes Management Forum, 67 Itch mites, 268 Ivermectin pediculosis pubis, 275t scabies, 271t J Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction syphilis, 220 pregnancy, 224 K Klebsiella granulomatis, 256 Koilocytosis, 27 L Labia, female vulvar condylomata accuminata, 23f Laparoscopy Laser therapy, carbon dioxide genital herpes, 40 LCR. See Ligase chain reaction (LCR)

7 Index 351 LEEP, genital herpes, 40 Levofloxacin gonorrhea, 173t PID, 192t, 194t LGV. See Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) Lice, 267 Ligase chain reaction (LCR), 170 chlamydial infections, 136 Lindane, scabies, 271t Liquid nitrogen, genital warts, Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), CDC treatment guidelines, 249t Chlamydia trachomatis, 244 clinical manifestations, diagnosis, 248 etiology, 244 female inguinal, 247f incidence, 244 partner notification, 249 pregnancy, 249 prevalence, 244 risk factors, 244 transmission, 244 treatment, 248 M Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Malathion, pediculosis pubis, 275t Male(s) bubo chancroid, 250f circumcision, HIV, 106 condoms, hypothetical relative risk model, 308t materials, 312 sizes and features, , 313t use, , 314t genital infections, 158 gonorrheal infections, 158 inguinal lymphogranuloma venereum, 247f Men who have sex with men (MSM) AIDS, 10 hepatitis A virus (HAV), 72 Metronidazole PID, 192t, 194t trichomoniasis, , 236t, 237t Microbicides adsorption, entry and fusion inhibitors, categories, condom usage, efficacy, future, nonspecific agents, 333 public health impact, 336 replication inhibitors, 334 vaginal defense buffers, Microimmunofluorescent tests, LGV, 248 Microscopy cervical strawberry spots, , 233f scabies, trichomoniasis, Molluscum contagiosum, 243, , 262f case study, clinical presentation, 261 diagnosis, 261 etiology, 260 incidence, 260 partner notification, 263 pregnancy, 263 prevalence, 260 transmission, 260 treatment, Monoclonal antibody staining trichomoniasis, 234 MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MSM. See Men who have sex with men (MSM) N NAAT. See Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) National AIDS Hotline, 16 National Herpes Hotline, 67 National Prevention Information Network, 16 National STD Hotline, 16, 67 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 153, antibiotic resistance, 11 identification, 3 4 male condoms, 309 penicillin resistant, 172 PID, 185 vaccines,

8 352 Index Neonates chlamydial conjunctivitis, chlamydial infections, herpes infections, HSV-2, 48f Neurosyphilis, 216 Nitrogen, liquid genital warts, Nonoxynol-9 spermicide, 108, 333 Nonverbal communication cultural competence, Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) chlamydial infections, 136, 137t 139t, gonorrhea, 153, 168t 169t, O Ofloxacin gonorrhea, 173t PID, 192t, 194t Ophthalmia neonatorum, 161 treatment, 174t Oral contraceptives, HIV, Oral sex, HIV, 104, 105t OraSure, 112 OSOM Trichomonas Rapid test, 234 P PACE 2 System, 169 Pap smear, trichomoniasis, Patient-clinical communication, STI diagnosis closing discussion, comfort and reassurance, educating about diagnosis, 287 goals, patient response, 286 red flags and special concerns, 289 supporting behavior change, Patient-delivered partner therapy chlamydial infections, 148 Patient education about diagnosis, 287 HPV, 41 Patient expectations cultural competence, 297 Patient history STI, , 283 brief assessment, 280 full assessment, getting started, PCR. See Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Pediculosis pubis (phthiriasis), 267, , 274f case study, CDC treatment guidelines, 275t clinical presentation, diagnosis, 274 etiology, incidence, 272 partner notification, 275 pregnancy, 275 prevalence, 272 transmission, 272 treatment, Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 156, 183 Chlamydia trachomatis, 185 hospitalization criteria, 193t male condoms, 309 Penicillin neurosyphilis, 221t Penis genital herpes, 53f genital warts, 24f, 29f, 30f lymphogranuloma venereum, 245f, 246f syphilis chancre, 210f, 214f Peptostreptococcus, PID, 185, 187 Perianal genital warts, 25f, 26f Permethrin cream pediculosis pubis, 275t scabies, 271t Personal space cultural competence, 299 Pharyngeal swabs chlamydial infections, 139t testing, 167t Pharynx, gonococcal infections treatment, 173t, 176 Phthiriasis. See Pediculosis pubis (phthiriasis) Physical exam, cultural competence, 297 PID. See Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Planned Parenthood, 68

9 Index 353 PMPA/Tenofovir, 334 Pneumocystis jiroveci, 99 Pneumocystis carinii, 99 Podofilox, genital warts, 32t, Podophyllin resin, genital warts, 33t Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 170 chancroid, 253 chlamydial infections, 136 LGV, 248 trichomoniasis, 234 Polynaphthalene sulphonate/pro-2000, 334 Poupart s ligament lymphogranuloma venereum, 246 Pox viruses, 260 Praneem polyherbal, 335 Pregnancy chancroid, 255 chlamydial infections, ectopic, upper female genital tract infections, 197 genital herpes, gonorrhea, 174t, granuloma inguinale, 258 HAV, 75 HBV, HCV, HIV, HPV, 42 LGV, 249 molluscum contagiosum, 263 pediculosis pubis, 275 scabies, 272 syphilis, trichomoniasis, upper female genital tract infections, 193 PRO-2000, 334 Probenecid, PID, 192t Proctitis acute, 159 chlamydial infections, Prostatitis, chlamydial infections, 134 Pthirus pubis, 267 Pyrethrins, pediculosis pubis, 275t Q Quinolones, chlamydial infections, 145 R Rapid tests, HIV, 112 Reactive arthritis, chlamydial infections, 135 Reactive plasma reagin (RPR) syphilis, 217, 218t, Reassurance STI diagnosis, Rectal swabs chlamydial infections, 138t testing, 166t Rectum, gonococcal infections treatment, 173t, 176 Reiter s syndrome, chlamydial infections, 135 Relationships, patient history, Reproductive medical events, patient history, 284 Resources, Risk assessment history, shaping, 285 Risk behaviors sexual assessment, STI history, RPR. See Reactive plasma reagin (RPR) S Salpingitis, 183 chlamydial infections, 133 Sarcoptes scabies, Scabies, , CDC treatment guidelines, 271t clinical manifestations, diagnosis, etiology, incidence, 268 partner notification, 272 pregnancy, 272 prevalence, 268 transmission, 268 treatment, , 271t SDA. See Strand displacement amplification (SDA) test Serological testing false-positive, 217, 218t LGV, 248 syphilis, 217, 218t Sex education, 12 Sexual assault, HIV, 104 Sexual contact, HIV, Sexual health promotion, 15 16

10 354 Index Sexuality Information and Education Council of the US (SIECUS), 17 Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) CDC treatment guidelines, 1, 2t history, 2 National Hotline, 16, 67 Sexually transmitted infections (STI), 1 patient history, , 283 brief assessment, 280 full assessment, getting started, prevention, risk assessment questions, 282t young adults incidence, 6 prevalence, 6 Sexual risk behaviors assessment, STI history, Sex workers, commercial, 10 SIECUS. See Sexuality Information and Education Council of the US (SIECUS) Single-dose therapies, 13 Skene s gland, 159 Spermicides, Sponge contraceptive, STD. See Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) STI. See Sexually transmitted infections (STI) Strand displacement amplification (SDA) test, 170 Substance use patient history, Sulbactam, PID, 194t Syphilis, African-Americans, 8 9 case study, 225 chancre, 211f clinical manifestations, cardiovascular disease, gummatous disease, 216 initial infection, 210 latent stage, 215 primary stage, secondary stage, , 212f tertiary stage, , 215t diagnosis, etiology, female, 8 T follow-up, history, 3 4 HIV, incidence, 5, 6t, 7t, 207 male condoms, 310 partner notification, 223 positive skin test oral desensitization, 222t pregnancy, prevalence, 207 risk factors, 208 testing techniques, transmission, treatment, TCA. See Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) Tenofovir, 334 Tetracycline gonorrhea, 174t syphilis, 220 Tinidazole, trichomoniasis, 13, 236, 236t Touching cultural competence, Transvaginal ultrasound Treponemal tests, syphilis, 218t Treponema pallidum, identification, 4 vaccines, 330 Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), genital warts, 33t, Trichomonas vaginalis, metronidazole resistance, 11 vaccines, Trichomoniasis, case study, CDC treatment guidelines, 236t clinical manifestations, , 231f diagnosis, etiology, incidence, 5, 7t, male condoms, 310 partner notification, 238 pregnancy, prevalence, prevention, 239 risk factors, 230 single-dose therapies, 13 testing,

11 Index 355 transmission, 230 treatment, Tubo-ovarian abscess, Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 8 9 Tzanck preparation, 55 U Ultrasound transvaginal upper female genital tract infections, 189 Upper female genital tract infections, case study, chronic pelvic pain, 198 clinical manifestations, 188 complications, diagnosis, , 190t ectopic pregnancy, 197 etiology, 185, 186f Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, follow-up, 195 incidence, 184 infertility, 197 microbiology, partner notification, pregnancy, 193 prevalence, 184 prevention, 198 recurrence, 195 risk factors, 184 testing techniques, transmission, treatment, tubo-ovarian abscess, vaccines, 198 Urethra, gonococcal infections treatment, 173t, 176 Urethral swabs, chlamydial infections, 137t Urethral syndrome, chlamydial infections, 133 Urethritis chlamydial infections, 133, 134 gonococcal, 158 HIV, 106 Urine chlamydial infections, 138t testing, 165t V Vaccines, chancroid, chlamydia, CMV, 14 future, genital herpes, gonorrhea, Haemophilus ducreyi, HAV, 76, 77t HBV, 14 HIV, 326 HPV, 14, 42 43, HSV, 325 HSV-2, 14 syphilis, 330 trichomoniasis, upper female genital tract infections, 198 Vaginal swabs prepubescent children, 166t testing, 165t, 166t Valacyclovir, genital herpes, 59t, 60 Valtrex, genital herpes, 59t, 60 VAQTA, 76 Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) syphilis, 217, Verbal messages, cultural competence, 300 Violence, patient history, 285 Viral hepatitis, Vulva condylomata accuminata, female labia, 23f herpes, 52f syphilis chancre, 208f W Warts genital, CDC treatment guidelines, 32t 33t differential diagnosis, 31 treatment, 31 32, 36t Wet mount White blood cell count Women. See Female Word catheter, Z Zovirax genital herpes, 59t, 60 HSV, 64