The research question: What was discovered in the 1940s that could treat syphilis?

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1 Psychlgy B30 Human Sexuality Sexually Transmitted Infectins Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Ppulatin: The research questin: What was discvered in the 1940s that culd treat syphilis? Hw many men died f syphilis related illness ver the curse f the study? Years: t Sexually Transmitted Infectins Unlike diseases, infectins spread frm ne persn t anther thrugh certain behavirs, and infectins are treatable and smetimes curable. STIs are transmitted thugh ral, anal, and vaginal sexual cntact. Half f the ppulatin f the United States will cntract an STI at sme pint in life. STI - Stats Apprximately 20 millin new cases are diagnsed in the United States every year. Sexually active peple between the ages f 15 and 24 years ld are at the greatest risk f cntracting STIs. Gnrrhea, chlamydia, and human papillma virus (HPV) are mst cmmn STIs. HPV causes genital warts and can lead t cervical and ther cancers. 50 percent f all sexually active peple will be infected during their sexual lifetime. HIV and AIDS are majr pandemics. Pandemic millin peple are living with HIV and AIDS. CDC estimates there are ver 56,000 new case per year. 1 S e x u a l l y T r a n s m i t t e d I n f e c t i n s

2 Psychlgy B30 Human Sexuality Sexually Transmitted Infectins STI Stats (Cntinued) HIV and AIDS are majr pandemics. As f 2010, the number f AIDS related deaths in the U.S. was ver 610,000. As f 2008, the number f AIDS related deaths in the wrld was ver 30 millin. Sexually Transmitted Infectins Viral STIs - N cure. Herpes, hepatitis B, HIV, and HPV. Bacterial STIs - Cured with antibitics. Chlamydia, gnrrhea, syphilis, and chancrid. Parasitic STIs - Organisms that attach t an feed ff f the human bdy. Trichmniasis and pubic lice. Preventin: Educatin abut causes, symptms, and treatment. Overcme negative feelings that interfere with treatment. Maintaining effective cmmunicatin. Safe sex practices. Risk Factrs - N Signs r Symptms Sme STIs prduce n clear symptms at all. They are asymptmatic: Having n nticeable symptms despite being infected and still able t transmit infectins. Peple wh are asymptmatic are unlikely t seek testing r treatment. 2 S e x u a l l y T r a n s m i t t e d I n f e c t i n s

3 Psychlgy B30 Human Sexuality Sexually Transmitted Infectins Risk Factrs - Lack f Infrmatin Belief that ral sex nt nly eliminates risk f pregnancy, maintains virginity, but als reduced risk in cntracting an STI. Oral sex carries apprximately the same risk f STI transmissin as vaginal intercurse. There is a lack f cnsistent and thrugh educatin regarding sexual behavirs and their cnsequences. Withut clear cmmunicatin f the risks assciated with behavirs teens and adults are susceptible t myths regarding STI. STI Myth Busters (M = Myth / T = True) Only peple wh have sex with many partners get STIs. A single sexual encunter can transmit an STI. Cndms, used crrectly, greatly reduce the chances f STI transmissin. A lack f any symptms f an STI prbably means n infectin. Many STIs hide in the bdy and d nt shw any bvius r visible symptms. Yu can nly get an STI frm vaginal r anal sex. Vaginal and anal intercurse are cmmn rutes f transmissin. Other activities such as ral sex, IV drug use, and DIY tatts als transmit STIs. Hrmnal frms f cntraceptin ffer n prtectin frm STIs. STIs, if untreated, may infect ther areas f the reprductive tract and cause issues with fertility and can even lead t death. STIs can nly be transmitted if the man ejaculates inside his partner. STIs may be transmitted thrugh ral, vaginal, r anal sex withut ejaculatin f semen, vaginal secretins, and/r pre-ejaculate fluid. 3 S e x u a l l y T r a n s m i t t e d I n f e c t i n s

4 Psychlgy B30 Human Sexuality Sexually Transmitted Infectins Risk Factrs - Guilt, Shame, Embarrassment Stem frm past abuses, parental messages, cultural and religius expectatins. Becming sexually active can smetimes cause peple t experience these emtins. Likely t avid pen discussin f sexual risks with a partner, avid STI testing, r delay treatment f symptms. Risk Factr - Pr Cmmunicatin Discussing sexual issues in meaningful and effective ways is very difficult. Research cnsistently demnstrates that cmmunicatin is a key factr in predicting safe sex practices, including cndm use. Research has fund the fllwing links between parents cmmunicatin styles and their children s sexual cmmunicatin: 1. When parents penly discuss sexual matters, children are mre likely t discuss safe sex practices with their dating partners. 2. When parents are less invlved in their child s sexual educatin, children are less willing t discuss safer sex with their dating partner. 3. When parents use avidance t deal with cnflicts, children are less willing r pen t discussing cndm use r safe sex practices with their partners. 4. Children wh are mre sex psitive are mre likely t have discussed safer sex, cndm use, and STIs with their partner, upn becming sexually active. Risk Factr - Substance Abuse Alchl mypia thery - Under the influence f alchl, peple tend t fcus n immediate, feel gd behavirs, ignring ptentially negative cnsequences. The Brain Prefrntal Crtex - Nucleus Accumbens - VTA (Ventral Tegmental Area) - 4 S e x u a l l y T r a n s m i t t e d I n f e c t i n s

5 Risk Lwest Highest Psychlgy B30 Human Sexuality Sexually Transmitted Infectins Sexual Behavirs / Sexual Risks Behavir Level f Risk Ptential Infectins 5 S e x u a l l y T r a n s m i t t e d I n f e c t i n s

6 Psychlgy B30 Human Sexuality Sexually Transmitted Infectins Viral STIs Infectin Symptms Mde f Transmissin Treatment Vaccine Ptential Cmplicatins Bacterial STIs Infectin Symptms Mde f Transmissin Treatment Vaccine Ptential Cmplicatins Parasitic STIs Infectin Symptms Mde f Transmissin Treatment Vaccine Ptential Cmplicatins 6 S e x u a l l y T r a n s m i t t e d I n f e c t i n s

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