th MARCH 2011 Women can transmit HIV to their babies during pregnancy or birth, when infected maternal cells enter the baby's circulation.

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1 HIV/AIDS Overview th NATIONAL HIV/AIDS WORKSHOP FOR PARA-MEDICS ON 11 th -12 th MARCH 2011 HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection has now spread to every country in the world. Approximately 40 million people are currently living with HIV infection, and an estimated 25 million have died from this disease. The scourge of HIV has been particularly devastating in sub-saharan Africa, but infection rates in other countries remain high. In the United States, approximately 1 million people are currently infected. Globally, 85% of HIV transmission is heterosexual. HIV In India, I st case was AIDS Human Immunodeficiency registered in Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus Syndrome HIV / AIDS Transmission HIV is transmitted when the virus enters the body, usually by injecting infected cells or semen. There are several possible ways in which the virus can enter. Most commonly, HIV infection is spread by having sex with an infected partner. The virus can enter the body through the lining of the vagina, vulva, penis, rectum, or mouth during sex. HIV frequently spreads among injection-drug users who share needles or syringes that are contaminated with blood from an infected person. Women can transmit HIV to their babies during pregnancy or birth, when infected maternal cells enter the baby's circulation. HIV can be spread in health-care settings through accidental needle sticks or contact with contaminated fluids.

2 The History of HIV/AIDS in India At the beginning of 1986, despite over 20,000 reported AIDS cases worldwide, India had no reported cases of HIV or AIDS. There was recognition, though, that this would not be the case for long, and concerns were raised about how India would cope once HIV and AIDS cases started to emerge. Later in the year, India s first cases of HIV were diagnosed among sex workers in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It was noted that contact with foreign visitors had played a role in initial infections among sex workers, and as HIV screening Centres were set up across the country there were calls for visitors to be screened for HIV. Gradually, these calls subsided as more attention was paid to ensuring that HIV screening was carried out in blood banks. In 1987 a National AIDS Control Programme was launched to co-ordinate national responses. In 1999, the second phase of the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP II) came into effect. In 2007,the third phase (NACP III) began, with the highest priority placed on reaching 80 percent of high-risk groups including sex workers, men who have sex with men, and injecting drug users with targeted interventions. The third stage of the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP-III), was launched in July 2007 and runs until 2012.

3 The HIV/AIDS situation in different States of India Andhra Pradesh : HIV prevalence at STD clinics was very high at 17% in Among high-risk groups, HIV prevalence was highest among men who have sex with men (MSM) (17%), followed by female sex workers (9.7%) and IDUs (3.7%). Goa: The Goa State AIDS Control Society reported that in 2008, a record number of 26,737 people were tested for HIV, of which 1018 (3.81%) tested positive. Karnataka :The average HIV prevalence among female sex workers in Karnataka was just over 5% in 2007, and 17.6% of men who have sex with men were found to be infected. Maharashtra: At 18%, the state has the highest reported rates of HIV prevalence among female sex workers. Similarly high rates were found among injecting drug users (24%) and men who have sex with men (12%).

4 Tamil Nadu: In 2007 HIV prevalence among antenatal clinic attendees was 0.25%. HIV prevalence among injecting drug users was 16.8%, third highest out of all reporting states. HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men and female sex workers was 6.6% and 4.68% respectively. Manipur: In the early 1980s drug use became popular in northeast India and it wasn't long before HIV was reported among injecting drug users in the region. Although NACO report a state-wise HIV prevalence of 17.9% among IDUs, studies from different areas of the state find prevalence to be as high as 32%. Estimated adult HIV prevalence is the highest out of all states, at 1.57%. Mizoram: In 1998, an HIV epidemic took off quickly among the state's male injecting drug users, with some drug clinics registering HIV rates of more than 70% among their patients. In recent years the average prevalence among this group has been much lower; at around 3-7%.HIV prevalence at antenatal clinics was 0.75% in Nagaland: In 2003 HIV prevalence among IDUs was 8.43%, but has since declined to 1.91% in HIV prevalence at antenatal clinics and STD clinics was 0.60% and 3.42% respectively in Punjab: The Punjab, has shown an increase in prevalence among injecting drug users (13.8% in 2007) in recent years. One of the richest cities in the Punjab, Ludhiana, has an HIV prevalence of 21% among IDUs while the HIV prevalence among IDUs in the capital of the state, Amritsar, has reached 30%. Denis Broun, head of UNAIDS in India has stated, "the problem of IDUs has been underestimated in mainland India, as most of the problem was thought to be in the northeast. An antibody-green-in-contact-withpart-of-hiv- yellow-and-red-large.

5 GLOBAL HIV/AIDS ESTIMATES, END OF The latest statistics of the global HIV and AIDS epidemic were published by UNAIDS in November 2010, and refer to the end of People living with HIV/AIDS in 2009 Adults living with HIV/AIDS in 2009 Women living with HIV/AIDS in 2009 Children living with HIV/AIDS in 2009 People newly infected with HIV in 2009 Adults newly infected with HIV in 2009 AIDS deaths in 2009 Orphans (0-17) due to AIDS in 2009 Estimate 33.3 million 30.8 million 15.9 million 2.5 million 2.6 million 2.2 million 1.8 million 16.6 million Range million million million million million million million million At the end of 2009, women accounted for just over half of all adults living with HIV worldwide.

6 DAY DATE & VENUE The Workshop shall commence on 11th-12th MARCH 2011, From 10:00 am to 05:00 pm at FIMT Auditorium, New Delhi-37 The participants will be provided Course material, entry badge, executive bag, after submission of the Registration Form along with the fee. After producing the original payment receipt only the Workshop kit will be provided to the candidate(s). The students, who have not received the Registration Form, can collect the same from the Cash Counter.