Name: Date: Period: Notes: The Blood and Lymphatic System

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Perid: Cmpsitin f Bld and their Functins Red Bld Cells (aka ) Structure Ntes: The Bld and Lymphatic System D nt have a like ther cells d Cntain a specialized prtein called Hemglbin cntains irn which facilitates the transprt f and Hw healthy are yur RBCs? Perfrm a Cmplete Bld Cunt r Full Bld Cunt Take different measurements and cmpare them t the rest f the hematcrit Mean Crpuscular vlume (MCV): measures the average vlume f cytplasm in a RBC Mean Crpuscular Hemglbin (MCH): measures the mass f hemglbin in each RBC Mean Crpuscular Hemglbin Cncentratin (MCHC): measures the cncentratin f Bld Type hemglbin in an average RBC; lk at intensity f the red clr. Different bld types exist because there are different n the bld cells called ; can be classified as either A, B, and D. classifies peple with varying prteins (A r B) n their red bld cells has the A prtein n the bld cell; als have B antibdies has the B prtein n the bld cell; als have A antibdies has bth A and B prteins n the bld cell; has n antibdies has neither the A r B prtein n the bld cell; have bth A & B antibdies hematcrit Lymphatic System Page 1

2 The D prtein is called the (r Rhesus factr) Rh-psitive peple the D prtein n their bld cells Rh-negative peple the D prtein n their bld cells Successful bld transfusins depend n the cmbinatin frm dnr t recipient. Example: Recipient with bld can nly receive bld frm a dnr that is either bld type A r type O. If they dn t, the bld will, r clump up tgether! Here s why: Dnr: Type B Recipient S the recipient s the freign bld! It might be pssible fr a mther s immune system t attack her baby s bld because f the incmpatible Rh factr. This is called Can be prevented with a drug called Functin: This is pssible because f which can carry up t at a time. The xygen-carrying efficiency f hemglbin is measured as. Depending n the, hemglbin will keep r release its xygen. Percent Saturatin Partial pressure (mmhg) Lymphatic System Page 2

3 White Bld Cells (aka ): like RBCs, they are prduced in the bne marrw Granulcytes (plymrphnuclear WBCs): cntain f that are released t and t freign materials in the bdy. Neutrphils (40-70%): mst cmmn type f white bld cell; and the remains f and : chemical that harms r kills bacteria Esinphils (5%): prduce secretins that defend against large parasitic rganisms in the bdy; cntain a txin called that harms/kills Basphils (0.5%): secrete, which is invlved in stimulating the cause an verprductin f histamine leading t a runny nse, sneezing, and watery eyes. Type f basphil called a releases chemicals that start the immune respnse; cause (swelling and redness) f tissues Agranulcytes (mnnuclear WBCs): lack granules Mncytes (1-5%): develp int tw types f macrphages Circulating mncytes: (called pathgens) traveling thrugh in the ; als invlved in bne grwth and maintenance Tissue mncytes: and micrrganisms that are mre difficult t kill like Lymphcytes (20-50%): present in the bld and lymphatic system : assists with the immune respnse by making antibdies; prduced and. Lymphatic System Page 3

4 : respnsible fr the immune respnse and ; prduced in the bne marrw and Lymphatic System Page 4

5 Platelets (aka ) What are they? Nt true cells, but are that cme frm larger cells called Cvered with that allw the t t a variety f materials Stickiness helps t t a damaged area that break the bld vessels Bld Cltting prcess; generally a tw-step prcess When bld vessels are intact, they prduce which Cltting Cascade: a reactin that ccurs when there is damage t a bld vessel r bdy tissue releases varius tissue cmpnents int the bld and alert ther parts f the bdy that there is damaged tissue adhere t the damaged tissue and t each ther (secreted by platelets) is cnverted int catalyzes the reactin t cnvert int Fibrin frms a that frms a temprary barrier. This prevents and pssible int damaged tissue helps make fibrin sticky is needed fr the synthesis f all the cltting factrs The is what eventually frms Since clts are temprary structures, and scabs dn t last frever, healthy cells near the clt release (TPA). Lymphatic System Page 5

6 Initiates the cnversin f int, which and thereby disslves the clt; caused by bld clts. Lymphatic System Structures Lymphatic vessels: thin ducts that carry a clear fluid called ; that accumulates in tissues which Lymph remves frm cells; frm the digestive system; mature t the bld Lymph flw cmes frm r mvement f Lymphatic trunks: divisin f the lymphatic vessels; drain lymph frm f the bdy; has cllectins f small regins f lymphatic tissue : lymphid tissue fund in the : lymphid tissue fund in the system lymph ndes (lymph glands): frm the lymph; have 4 cmpnents : enter and exit the lymph nde thrugh the hilum : fluid-filled sack filler tissue ( ): divided int regins by walls in the capsule called : B and T lymphcytes are fund in the strma; help with the immune respnse Lymphatic System Page 6

7 Lymph Glands: : lcated in the upper left regin f the abdmen near the stmach; divided int tw regins : strage area fr ; respnsible fr remving ld r damaged RBCs frm the circulatins : cntain B-lymphcytes and T-lymphcytes : prduces secretins that mature the T-lymphcytes; this is where the T cells are educated s that they. This is called. Immune Respnse: triggered by the presence f a freign Innate Immunity: aka ; uses barriers that blck a variety f infectins t prtect the bdy Physical Barriers: : blcks micrrganisms frm entering tissues; cnstant shedding remves micrbes; skin secretins prevent micrbes frm vergrwing : catch incming pathgens befre they can enter the bldstream Chemical Barriers:,,, etc. : increasing the bdy temperature : a grup f prteins that in the cells Acquired Immunity: ccurs when the bdy ; it s like the bdy learns abut the invader and kills it as effectively as pssible. [ the_immune_respnse.html] Macrphages (eat) the invaders and n its surface A helper T-cell attaches t the macrphage and. The helper T- cell and the immune system respnds in 2 ways: Lymphatic System Page 7

8 : the T cells that are activated seek ut infected cells and kill them : the B cells that are activated divide int (make lts f antibdies) and (stres infrmatin abut the pathgen and initiates a faster immune respnse the secnd time arund) Inflammatry Respnse: an intentinal actin that t an affected area Causes,,, r in the area f immune respnse Immunizatin & Vaccinatin : fighting the disease the ld-fashined way (getting sick and fighting it yurself) : faking ut yur immune system t prepare it fr a real attack; example: vaccines Immunity against a disease can be acquired thrugh active r passive immunity : expsing antigens t yur immune system cells; either naturally r artificially : when the antibdies are basically given t yu; example wuld be Lymphatic System Page 8