Bloodborne Pathogens. By Deborah Massarella RN, MSN

Transcription

1 Bloodborne Pathogens By Deborah Massarella RN, MSN 2010, 2014

2 Objectives At conclusion of in-service learners will: 1. Identify two types of personal protective equipment. 2. Identify two prevention measures for Hepatitis B. 3. Identify where a copy of Exposure Control Plan can be located. 4. Describe three steps to follow if an exposure occurs. 5. Recall where employees can receive treatment for an exposure and/or a Hepatitis B vaccine.

3 Definition Bloodborne pathogens are a disease producing agent such as a virus, bacterium, or microorganism that is carried in the blood and other bodily fluids. Bloodborne pathogens include Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

4 Epidemiology Hepatitis B (HBV)- 1.4 million Americans are living with a chronic infection and each year 43,000 more will become infected. Hepatitis C (HCV)- 3.2 million American are living with a chronic infection and each year 17,000 more will become infected. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)- 1.1 million American are infected and 21% of these are not aware of it (CDC, 2009).

5 1. Blood Modes of Transmission 2. Human bite 3. Semen 4. Vaginal secretions 5. Contaminated needles or sharp instruments 6. Infected mother to newborn

6 Exposures Exposures occur through needle sticks or cuts from sharp instruments, or through contact with the eyes, nose, mouth, and compromised skin with infected blood or body fluids (CDC, 2009). Feces, nasal secretions, saliva, sputum, sweat, tears, urine, and vomit are not considered infectious unless they contain blood. Transmission risk from these bodily fluids is extremely low (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2001)

7 Symptoms May have no symptoms. Fever Fatigue Loss of appetite Nausea & Vomiting Abdominal pain Dark urine Clay colored stool Joint pain Jaundice

8 Prevention Good hand washing Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) Hepatitis B vaccine Safer sex practices

9 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 1. Gloves 2. Safety goggles 3. Face Shield 4. Smocks

10 Hepatitis B Vaccine A series of three injections given at 0,1, & 6 month intervals. Most people have no side effects to the vaccine. Santa Clarita Quality Care (SQC) will give the vaccines free of charge to all employees of William S. Hart UHSD. Injection fee of $15.00 will be reimbursed when receipts are turned into Kathy Bishop at the District Office.

11 Santa Clarita Quality Care Address: Valencia Blvd. Suite 160 Valencia, Ca Phone Fax

12 Blood or Body Fluid Spills Large spills should be cleaned up by the custodian utilizing disinfectant/decontamination chemicals. Small spills can be cleaned up with gloves and a disinfectant wipe.

13 School Exposure Plan Seek treatment immediately at Santa Clarita Quality Care if an exposure occurs. Call Company Nurse at (877) to report Workers Compensation. Post exposure incidence report forms and/or sharps injury log need to be filled out in a timely nature by employee and supervisor. These forms can be found in the Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Control Manual located in Health Office.

14 Do you know? Hepatitis A (HAV) is not a bloodborne pathogen and is transmitted through fecal contaminated food or drink. There is a vaccine available for Hepatitis A but not Hepatitis C. Wear gloves and other PPE when it is reasonably anticipated you hands, eyes, mouth, and nose may come in contact with blood or body fluids. Personal protective equipment is located in the health office. HBV is contraindicated for people with a severe baker s yeast allergy. Recommendations for post-exposure management of any unvaccinated person includes initiation of the Hepatitis B vaccine series.

15 Do you want to know more? Pregnant women should only be vaccinated when clearly needed and caution should be observed when vaccinating nursing mothers for the HBV (Merck & Co. Inc., 2007). Booster doses are not recommended on a routine basis for people with a normal immune system. State law requires students to be vaccinated for Hepatitis B but exemptions to this law do exist. There is a two-dose Hepatitis B vaccine regimen available to adolescents ages years. Human bites are considered an exposure to both the one bitten and the inflictor of the bite.

16 Contact Information Deborah Massarellla RN, MSN , ext. 420 Christine Amstutz RN, MN , ext. 368 Alison Schmidt RN, MSN , ext Mike Cuesta RN, BSN , ext. 1123

17 References Bastable, S.B. (2003). Behavioral objectives. In S.B. Bastable (Ed.), Nurse as Educator (2nd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders. California Department of Health Services (2003). California Immunization Handbook (7 th ed). Berkeley, CA California Office of Administrative Law (2009). Bloodborne pathogens. Retrieved from CDC (2009). CDC responds to HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from CDC (2009). Viral hepatitis. Retrieved from CDC (2009). Who should not get vaccinated with these vaccines? Retrieved from Conlon, H.A. (2007). Human bites in the classroom: Incidence, treatment, and complications. The Journal of School Nursing (23) 4,

18 References GlaxoSmithKline Biological (2009). Engerix-B. Hepatitis B vaccine. Retrieved from Immunization Action Coalition (2008). Vaccine information. Retrieved from Merck & Company, Inc. (2007). Recombivax HB. Hepatitis B vaccine, Retrieved from b/recombivax_pi.pdf Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2001). Updated U.S. public health services guidelines for the management of occupational exposure to HBV, HCV, and HIV and recommendations for post exposure prophylaxis. Retrieved from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2009). Bloodborne pathogen and needlestick prevention. Retrieved from Vandeveer, M. (2009). From teaching to learning: Theoretical foundations. In D.M. Billings & J.A. Halstead, (Eds.), Teaching in nursing. A guide for faculty, (3rd ed., pp ). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders.

19 Quiz and Informational Check-off Please fill out the Hepatitis B vaccine confirmation or declination page and check off which applies. Add name, date, and job location/title. Once completed print and send to Human Resources. Thank you for completing this mandatory in-service.