The Lymphatic System. Oedema (Edema) Lymphoedema (Lymphedema)
|
|
- Kenneth Shaw
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Lymphatic System The lymphatic system is similar to the blood system and has just as many vessels - but they contain lymph, which is clear and so cannot be seen (unless a suitable dye is injected). The lymphatics differ from the blood system in that the blood continually circulates through each part of the body while the lymph just drains from each part. Lymphatics drain away the excess protein and water which continually escape from the blood in small amounts, plus some substances made in the tissues, and any foreign substances which enter them. Lymphatics start, in almost every tissue, as many tiny vessels which gradually join together into bigger ones. Lymph is pumped into and along these vessels by the movements of adjacent muscles and by the contractions of the walls of the larger lymphatics. This pumping is aided by many valves inside the vessels. Finally the lymphatic system empties into the blood (largely in the lower neck). On its way along the lymphatics, the lymph is filtered in the lymph nodes (lymph glands). These remove foreign matter (e.g. bacteria) and start any necessary immune reactions. Oedema (Edema) The lymphatics help to remove the excess fluid and protein which enters the tissues from damaged blood vessels, in any inflammation (e.g. after a burn, or other injury). If they cannot remove it all, the part swells (oedema, edema). However this swelling is usually only temporary, because the tissues heal and the blood vessels no longer leak excessively. In an acute injury, e.g. a sprained ankle, the lymphatics are essentially normal. Although there is initial swelling, this is gradually removed over days to weeks. The overload is only temporary although, depending on the severity of the injury, some fibrosis will occur. This may remain for months or even permanently. Lymphoedema (Lymphedema) However if the lymphatic system is damaged or blocked, protein continues to enter the tissues from the blood capillaries in the normal way, and a build-up occurs in the tissues the lymphatics should be draining. The accumulation of protein in the tissues causes excess fluid to enter them and the tissues to swell. The swelling decreases the oxygenation of the tissues, interferes with their normal functioning, and makes them heal more slowly than normal. To some extent, the protein is also removed by some of the cells in the tissues (e.g. the macrophages). These assist the lymphatic system and can partly take over its role if it is blocked. However in lymphoedema, the chronic excess protein causes these cells also to cease to function.
2 The excess protein also acts as a stimulus for chronic inflammation. One of the results of this is the formation of much excess fibrous tissue. The chronic inflammation causes more blood capillaries to form and to be dilated. This makes the limb feel hot. This heat, combined with the stagnant protein provides a perfect site for bacterial growth (Secondary Acute Inflammation, S.A.I. or dermato-lymphangio-adenitis, D.L.A.). The patient may be very ill, with constant infections, and need hospitalisation. Fungal infections are also very frequent, and are often difficult to clear up. These infections, themselves, place greater loads on the lymphatics, and so worsen the lymphoedema. Any infection or other inflammation (e.g. after injury, sunburn, etc.) makes the lymphoedema worse. If the swelling is rapid (e.g. after an operation), it can cause great pain. This is because the tissues are being torn apart. Adjacent areas, which are receiving excess lymph diverted from the blocked region, also often ache (e.g. the shoulder adjacent to a lymphoedematous arm). If swelling is slow (e.g. primary lymphoedema), there may be no pain at all, except during bouts of infection. Lymphoedema is usually considered only to occur in the arm or leg, but any organ or region may suffer from it: the genitals, the gut, the lungs, the liver as a consequence of chronic hepatitis, etc. Lymphoedema has a number of other effects: it decreases mobility, causes embarrassment, can lead to depression, and causes a general worsening of the patient's life and health. If the lymphoedema is severe, especially if more than one limb is involved, the patient is excessively heavy. This may be confused with obesity, but dieting is useless if it is just lymphoedema; however if there is obesity, dieting is recommended. Even if only one limb is affected, the added weight can cause clumsiness and this makes the limb more liable to injury and consequent bacterial infection. Lymphatic drainage from the legs is more difficult than from the arms, walking is more difficult and the excess weight discourages this. So lymphoedema of the legs is often worse than that of the arms. When lymphoedema first occurs it will pit if pressed with a thumb. It gradually becomes larger and harder; it no longer pits. If lymphoedema lasts for some years, the swelling gets worse, and skin changes occur. There is loss of hair and alterations to the nails. The skin may get very thick, with huge folds and warts - elephantiasis. A few patients with long-term lymphoedema develop an angiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves Syndrome). Any lymphoedema left untreated will gradually progress along this route. What does Lymphoedema feel like? Feeling of tightness and heaviness in the limb. 'Bursting' pains
3 Aching buttocks (leg lymphoedema) or back of the shoulder (arm lymphoedema). Pins and needles in the limb. 'Shooting' pains up the limb. A feeling of 'tightness' and tenderness in the elbow or back of the knee. Pain in joints (e.g. elbow, knee and ankle), similar to arthritis and often diagnosed as this. Tenderness in the groin of an affected leg. 'Blown up' abdomen if a leg is affected or in 'lymphoedema-all-over'. The limb or affected areas are warmer than other parts - but not red, which suggests infection (SAI) as well. In some primary lymphoedemas there can be a very gradual increase in size, but no particular pain - just a feeling of heaviness in the limb. However any infection makes it painful because of the rapid increase in size and the worsening of the lymphoedema that this causes. Joints, in particular the knee, can also become lymphoedematous - it feels like (and is often diagnosed as) 'arthritis' - which in a way it is. Sometimes lymph can leak through the skin which is then particularly vulnerable to infection. Causes of Lymphoedema There are many reasons why the lymphatic system may fail, with two main groups: primary and secondary. Primary (lack of lymphatic vessels) Usually there are simply too few lymphatics; sometimes there are many, but they are very dilated and do not pump properly; sometimes it is a combination of both. This lymphoedema can appear before birth (connatal lymphoedema), during puberty, which is most common for primary lymphoedemas (lymphoedema praecox), or later in life, e.g. from onwards (lymphoedema tarda). Occasionally there is a narrowing of one of the major lymph trunks, e.g. at the outlet of the thoracic duct. Primary lymphoedema can also start following the onset of a secondary lymphoedema in another part of the body, e.g. postmastectomy (secondary) lymphoedema may initiate a primary lymphoedema in the leg on the same side, Secondary (blocked or cut lymphatic vessels) Secondary lymphoedema can occur if the lymphatic drainage is blocked or cut, from: 1.Surgery, especially for carcinoma with the removal of lymph nodes or a lot of tissue (e.g. an operation for melanoma) means cutting many lymphatics. 2.Radiotherapy, which kills any tumour cells, destroys the lymph nodes, blocking them with fibrous tissue.
4 3.Accidental trauma may tear lymphatic vessels which may not rejoin when the blood vessels do; any excess fibrous tissue caused by the damage can later shrink and constrict them. 4.Parasites (e.g. filarial worms) block the lymphatic drainage. The swelling may occur when the worms grow, damage the lymphatics and destroy their valves. It usually occurs only some years after the worms are injected - when they die and breakdown, causing inflammation which blocks the lymphatics. 5.Paralysis of a limb prevents lymphatic pumping, so causing wheel-chair oedema. 6.Chronic venous insufficiency often involves the lymphatics running beside the veins, thus eventually adding lymphoedema to the venous oedema. 7.Lipodema (this is not itself lymphoedema, but can cause it secondarily) When does lymphoedema occur, and how rapidly? Once lymphatics are damaged, lymphoedema may occur at any time. Sometimes it starts at once and lasts for life; oedema may occur for a few weeks, then go away, and may or may not return; sometimes it appears years after the event. Once the lymphatics are damaged, a very trivial thing may set it off, e.g.: a bee-sting, sunburn, carrying heavy weights, or a long aircraft flight. Apart from the acute stage which occurs briefly after the blockage and then goes away, once lymphoedema starts it gets progressively worse. This worsening is usually slow in primary lymphoedemas and rapid in secondary ones. It is usually a steady increase unless some inflammation occurs (e.g. infection, injury, burn), when it gets worse very quickly. Grades of Lymphoedema Grade 1 swelling will pit if the skin is pressed and is reduced if the limb is elevated. Grade 2 has much more excess fibrous tissue, so it does not pit, and is not much reduced by elevation (e.g. in bed overnight or for 2-3 days). The limb gradually 'hardens' because of the excess fibrous (scar) tissue due to the chronic inflammation. Elephantiasis (Grade 3) has gross changes to the skin: many protrusions & huge bulges. Regions affected by lymphoedema Primary Lymphoedema This can range from only part of one limb, to many parts of the body, including the gut (causing protein-losing enteropathy, intestinal lymphangiectasia) and lungs. If one leg is affected, it is likely that the other also has poor lymphatic drainage and is also at risk.
5 There is also the condition of lymphoedema-all-over in which all limbs and the trunk are affected. The patient has often been diagnosed as fat, but many diets have proved quite useless (in spite of strict adherence). Benzo-pyrones are often more rapidly effective in this than in other lymphoedemas. Secondary Lymphoedema This occurs in the regions which are further away from the trunk (distal) and drain through the lymphatics which have been damaged, e.g. if the lymph nodes have been removed by surgery or fibrosed by radiotherapy. Thus, it often occurs in the arm following a mastectomy, in an arm or leg after an operation for melanoma, and in one or both legs after surgery for cancer in the pelvic region. It is also quite frequent after a severe accident (e.g. on a motorbike) which causes many lymphatics to be severed. In filaritic lymphoedema, the swelling depends on where the filarial worms finally lodge. If it was in the nodes draining a leg, the leg swells; if it were in nodes further along the lymphatics, both legs and the genital regions may swell. Filarial lymphoedema can also occur in the arms (but is rare). While one usually thinks of lymphoedema as affecting a limb, especially the skin and subcutaneous tissue, other regions can also be affected. In the limbs, it is quite common for joints to suffer from lymphoedema as well - causing a lymphostatic arthritis; once the rest of the lymphoedema is treated, these improve as well. The gut has been mentioned under primary lymphoedema, but occasionally it can get secondary lymphoedema. It is probable that other deep organs can also suffer from lymphoedema, but this is seldom diagnosed because the tests for it have not been developed, although the swelling can be felt, or seen with CAT scans. Numbers of Patients with Lymphoedema Lymphoedema is much more common than is normally realised. For example, in Australia (population about 15 million), lymphoedema following mastectomy alone affects, or will affect, some 100,000. Of these, some 10,000 will have it severely. To this number must be added all the lymphoedemas following other operations, accidents, chronic venous diseases and primary lymphoedema. From this, there are about 300,000 people in Australia at the present who have, will have, some form of lymphoedema. In 1982 the World Health Organization estimated that 90 million people have filaritic lymphoedema and elephantiasis and hydrocoele. There are some 500 million sufferers from all forms of lymphoedema in the world. The Diagnosis of Lymphoedema This is usually very simple, from the history of the condition and observation. Sometimes however it can be difficult, especially if two conditions exist together. Some special methods
6 are available (e.g. CAT-scans and lymphoscintigraphy). In the past, lymphangiography (X-rays of the lymphatics injected with an oily contrast medium) was used; this sometimes blocked the remaining lymphatics and has now been completely superseded, except in special circumstances. If lymphoedema occurs for no obvious reason, the possibility of cancer should always be investigated. Lymphoscintigraphy is still the best and safest means we have of measuring lymphatic function and gives a fair image of the system. NMR and CAT scans are very good to image the nodes and to show oedema and fibrosis (respectively). However these tests are really only needed in a few difficult cases. At an International Congress for Lymphology (Washington, 1993) most agreed that clinical diagnosis was sufficient in 90 percent of cases. Lipoedema This is sometimes confused with lymphoedema. In the early stages there is no swelling in the feet, and both legs are always involved. The superficial tissue lymphatic drainage is gradually affected by the fat deposits, leading to the formation of true (but secondary) lymphoedema. Deep lymphatic drainage, although present, is slower than normal. There are large deposits of fat in the legs, thighs and buttocks. Pressing on the skin is often very painful. It can look like 'cellulite'. Initially, the lower leg and thigh are 'swollen' and tender, the knee is painful and the tissues 'fold like a cushion' over a normal foot. As any associated lymphoedema progresses, the foot becomes involved. Lipodema occasionally can occur in the arms but usually to a much lesser extent; the hand, like the foot, is not involved until the later stages. Treatment with Complex Physical Therapy and the benzo-pyrones is definitely indicated, but the reductions are not as great as can be expected with ordinary lymphoedema. This document was last amended on 31 August, 1995.
What is Lymphedema? Primary lymphedema: a person is born with the condition where the lymphatic vessels are not formed completely or malformed
Lymphedema What is Lymphedema? Lymphedema is a chronic health condition which causes localized swelling. There are 2 types: Primary lymphedema: a person is born with the condition where the lymphatic vessels
More informationWelcome to Allied Health Telehealth
Welcome to Allied Health Telehealth Paediatric lymphoedema A challenge for clinicians and families To receive an attendance certificate please complete your online evaluation at: https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/paedlymphoedema
More informationLymphoedema Network Northern Ireland. Advice for patients at risk of developing lymphoedema
Lymphoedema Network Northern Ireland Advice for patients at risk of developing lymphoedema Conditions related to increased risk of developing lymphoedema: High risk referral criteria Do you have any of
More informationCatherine Holley, RN Operating Room Nurse Massachusetts General Hospital
Operating Room Nurse Massachusetts General Hospital March 13, 2019 What is Lymphedema? Swelling (edema) that occurs due to injury or impairment of the lymphatic system Causes: Anything that disrupts the
More informationImproving customer care in compression hosiery
Improving customer care in compression hosiery Introduction Within the modern NHS, the Pharmacy Team provides the front line service that most patients have contact with. Compression hosiery has a key
More informationSupporting Information Leaflet (11): Managing Oedema and Circulatory Problems in Neuromuscular Disorders
Supporting Information Leaflet (11): Managing Oedema and Circulatory Problems in Neuromuscular Disorders Oedema, sometimes known as Lymphoedema or fluid retention is the build up of fluid and other elements
More informationEndovenous Laser Treatment (EVLT)
Endovenous Laser Treatment (EVLT) Day Surgery Unit Patient information leaflet What is Endovenous Laser Treatment (EVLT)? Endovenous laser therapy is a treatment for varicose veins which seals the vein
More informationDeep Vein Thrombosis
Deep Vein Thrombosis Introduction Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot in a vein. This condition can affect men and women of any age and race. DVT is a potentially serious condition. If not treated,
More informationLymphatic System and Immunity. Lymphatic System
Lymphatic System and Immunity Lymphatic System Lymphatic System High hydrostatic pressure in the arterioles and capillaries at the arterial part of the circulation leads to move plasma fluid from the capillaries
More informationSores That Will Not Heal
Sores That Will Not Heal Introduction Some sores have trouble healing on their own. Sores that will not heal are a common problem. Open sores that will not heal are also known as wounds or skin ulcers.
More informationDeep Vein Thrombosis
Deep Vein Thrombosis from NHS (UK) guidelines Introduction Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot in one of the deep veins in the body. Blood clots that develop in a vein are also known as venous thrombosis.
More informationA Patient Guide to Understanding and Managing Chronic Swelling
A Patient Guide to Understanding and Managing Chronic Swelling WHAT IS LYMPHEDEMA? Most of us know the circulatory system pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body. But many people are not aware
More informationPatient consent form for liposuction Part 2 of 3
Patient consent form for liposuction Part 2 of 3 This is an informed consent document. It explains the risks of and alternatives to liposuction. It is important that you read this information carefully
More informationA Patient Guide to Understanding and Managing Chronic Swelling
A Patient Guide to Understanding and Managing Chronic Swelling WHAT IS CHRONIC SWELLING? As a normal part of your blood circulation, your vascular system leaks fluid into the surrounding tissues. Your
More informationPhysiotherapy Care and Lymphoedema
Physiotherapy Care and Lymphoedema Page 1 of 5 Physiotherapy Care and Lymphoedema What is lymphoedema? Lymphoedema is a chronic swelling which can affect any part of the body, although it is most commonly
More informationWhat is Lymphoedema? Incidence and Prevalence
What is Lymphoedema? Incidence and Prevalence North of England Cancer Network Lymphoedema Conference - A problem shared 8 March 2013 Dr Andrew Hughes Consultant in Palliative Medicine Outline 1) What is
More informationCardiovascular & lymphatic system both are supply fluid flow in to the body. but bothe are deferent type of fluid..
Hap unit 6th Introduction:- All body tissues are bathed in tissue fluid, consisting of the diffusible constituent of blood & waste material from cell. Some tissue fluid returnes to capillaries at their
More informationWhen is it lymphedema, when is it not lymphedema? UNDERSTANDING EDEMA. John Mulligan, RMT/CLT-LANA
When is it lymphedema, when is it not lymphedema? UNDERSTANDING EDEMA John Mulligan, RMT/CLT-LANA Learning Objectives How to identify stages of lymphedema The Gold Standard of Treatment for Lymphedema
More informationHow varicose veins occur
Varicose veins are a very common problem, generally appearing as twisting, bulging rope-like cords on the legs, anywhere from groin to ankle. Spider veins are smaller, flatter, red or purple veins closer
More informationCourse Objectives. Circulatory system. Understand the basic design of the lymphatic system
Lymphedema: What Every Healthcare Practitioner Needs to Know Debbie Chasse DPT, WCS, CLT-LANA www.functionabilitypt.com Understand the basic design of the lymphatic system Course Objectives Circulatory
More informationLymphatic System. The most important functions of the lymphatic system are: Maintenance of fluid balance in the internal environment
Lymphatic System Lymphatic System The lymphatic system is a complex network of connective tissue that is composed of: Lymphoid organs Lymph nodes Lymph ducts Lymph vessels Lymph capillaries Lymphatic System
More informationCIE Biology GCSE. 9: Transport in animals. Notes.
CIE Biology GCSE 9: Transport in animals Notes The circulatory system acts as the main transport system in animals. It is made up of blood vessels such as arteries, veins and capillaries, in which blood
More information37 2 Blood and the Lymphatic System
37 2 Blood and the Lymphatic System 1 Blood Blood is a connective tissue that contains both dissolved substances and specialized cells. The functions of blood include: collecting oxygen from the lungs,
More informationYour Lymphatic System in Health & Disease
Your Lymphatic System in Health & Disease Professor Neil Piller, Director, Lymphoedema Research Unit Flinders Medical Centre Dr Vaughan Keeley, Consultant in Palliative Medicine, Lymphoedema Clinic, Derby
More information{loadposition nhschoices} {loadposition relatedart} Condition Legs - tired, aching, heavy. Class Circulatory system. Description
- Condition - Class - Description - Causes - Symptoms - Treatment - When to see your pharmacist - When to see your doctor - Living with tired, aching legs - Useful Tips {loadposition nhschoices} {loadposition
More informationDeep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: Patient Information
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: Patient Information A Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and a Pulmonary Embolism (PE) are both disorders of unwanted blood clotting. Unwanted blood clots can occur
More informationChronic Pancreatitis (1 of 4) i
Chronic Pancreatitis (1 of 4) i If you need this information in another language or medium (audio, large print, etc) please contact the Customer Care Team on 0800 374 208 email: customercare@ salisbury.nhs.uk.
More informationLYMPHOEDEMA FAISAL GHANI SIDDIQUI MBBS; FCPS; PGDIP-BIOMEDICAL ETHICS; MCPS-HPE
LYMPHOEDEMA FAISAL GHANI SIDDIQUI MBBS; FCPS; PGDIP-BIOMEDICAL ETHICS; MCPS-HPE PROFESSOR OF SURGERY & DIRECTOR, PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT CENTRE J I N N A H S I N D H M E D I C A L U N I V E R S I T Y
More informationINFORMATION SHEET MODIFIED (MINI) ABDOMINOPLASTY
INFORMATION SHEET MODIFIED (MINI) ABDOMINOPLASTY INTRODUCTION There is not much which is mini about a mini-abdominoplasty because it can take as long and can be as complicated as a standard abdominoplasty
More informationPatient Information. Venous Insufficiency and Varicose Veins
Patient Information Venous Insufficiency and Varicose Veins What is a Varicose Vein? Gitter Vein Institute-revised 3/8/2016 2 Frequently Asked Questions What is the difference between varicose and spider
More informationLTU-904 Laser Therapy Unit Case Studies
LTU-904 Laser Therapy Unit Case Studies 2008 case studies These case studies have been provided by Australian therapists who use the Riancorp LTU-904 laser therapy unit. Each therapist selects laser treatment
More informationThe LBG is an essential tool in Lymphatic System Detoxification Therapy,
About the Light Beam Generator (ST8) The LBG is an essential tool in Lymphatic System Detoxification Therapy, helping your body restore and maintain proper functioning of its immune system defense. In
More information- Helps maintain fluid balance - Supports transport of nutrients within the body. - Has disease-fighting functions - Helps maintain homeostasis
Introduction Lymphatic System and Immunity Chapter 27 Component of the circulatory system Lymphatic system - Helps maintain fluid balance - Supports transport of nutrients within the body - Has disease-fighting
More informationRADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION. Professor M Baguneid MB ChB MD FRCS
RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION This minimally invasive treatment involves closing the faulty veins using a keyhole approach thereby avoiding the larger cuts and avoiding stripping of the veins. Professor M Baguneid
More informationLeg artery disease. Information for patients Sheffield Vascular Institute
Leg artery disease Information for patients Sheffield Vascular Institute page 2 of 12 You have been diagnosed as having leg artery disease. This leaflet explains more about leg artery disease and answers
More information2/28/18. Lymphatic System and Immunity. Introduction. Anatomy. Chapter 27. Component of the circulatory system Lymphatic system
Lymphatic System and Immunity Chapter 27 1 Introduction Component of the circulatory system Lymphatic system - Helps maintain fluid balance - Supports transport of nutrients within the body - Has disease-fighting
More informationVaricose Vein Cyanoacrylate Glue treatment
The South West s premier independent healthcare and cosmetic clinic Varicose Vein Cyanoacrylate Glue treatment Varicose veins are a sign of underlying venous insufficiency and affect 20 30% of adults.
More informationLymphedema Myths Realities - Hope
Lymphedema Myths Realities - Hope Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas Lymphedema Therapy Department 214-345-7680 Lymphatic System Divided into sections - watersheds Lymph nodes act as filtration
More informationARTERIAL BYPASS GRAFTS IN THE LEG
The Christchurch Department of Vascular Surgery is actively involved in research projects aimed at improving treatment for patients with arterial disease. Marilyn Ollett Department of Surgery Christchurch
More informationVibration (i.e., driving a Lack of exercise
What is low back pain? Almost everyone has back pain at one time or another. The pain may be in the center of the back or to one side, or may move down the leg. Besides pain in the back, the symptoms may
More informationLiving with lymphedema : Learning to take charge. Contact your provincial association for the full version of this booklet
Living with lymphedema : Learning to take charge Welcome This booklet is intended for someone who has just learned that they have lymphedema and those who may still have questions about how to live with
More informationThe Clatterbridge Cancer Centre. NHS Foundation Trust. Lymphoedema Advice. Rehabilitation and Support. A guide for patients and carers
The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust Lymphoedema Advice Rehabilitation and Support A guide for patients and carers Contents Lymphatic system... 1 Causes of lymphoedema after cancer treatment...
More informationWhen an ordinary man attains knowledge, he becomes a sage. When a sage attains knowledge, he becomes an ordinary man. -Zen saying.
When an ordinary man attains knowledge, he becomes a sage. When a sage attains knowledge, he becomes an ordinary man. -Zen saying Lymphatic System Lesson Plan: Lymphatic System 5 minutes: Breath of Arrival
More informationPRESOR-03 STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING THE SORISA PRESSURE THERAPY
PRESOR-03 STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING THE SORISA PRESSURE THERAPY CONTENTS 1.0. PRESSURE THERAPY 1.1. The physiological effects of pressure therapy 1.2. When pressure therapy is indicated 2.0.
More informationKIDNEY FAILURE. What causes kidney failure People who are most at risk for kidney failure usually have one or more of the following causes:
KIDNEY FAILURE Your kidneys are a pair of organs located toward your lower back. One kidney is on each side of your spine. They filter your blood and remove toxins from your body. Your kidneys send toxins
More informationExercise & Breast Cancer Recovery
Exercise & Breast Cancer Recovery LEARNING OBJECTIVES Demonstrate an understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer Demonstrate an understanding of how breast cancer surgery and treatment
More informationCatherine Holley, RN Operating Room Nurse Massachusetts General Hospital
Operating Room Nurse Massachusetts General Hospital March 15, 2017 Background Nurse 34 years Operating room RN at Massachusetts General Hospital 1979 surgery to remove varicose veins right leg Strong family
More informationTurning into a pear shape? Then you could have 'painful fat' syndrome
dailymail.co.uk ORIGINAL PAGE Turning into a pear shape? Then you could have 'painful fat' syndrome by JILL FOSTER AUG. 1, 2011 By Jill Foster UPDATED: 02:15 EST, 2 August 2011 Louise Farquharson was gaining
More informationRianCorp. RianCorp. Case Studies Using LLLT: Lymphoedema
RianCorp RianCorp Case Studies Using LLLT: Lymphoedema If you have a case study that you would like to add to this book- let, please contact sales@riancorp.com case studies These case studies have been
More informationDOWNLOAD OR READ : MANUAL LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE MASSAGE PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI
DOWNLOAD OR READ : MANUAL LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE MASSAGE PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 manual lymphatic drainage massage manual lymphatic drainage massage pdf manual lymphatic drainage massage Manual Lymphatic
More informationVenous Insufficiency Ulcers. Patient Assessment: Superficial varicosities. Evidence of healed ulcers. Dermatitis. Normal ABI.
Venous Insufficiency Ulcers Patient Assessment: Superficial varicosities Evidence of healed ulcers Dermatitis Normal ABI Edema Eczematous skin changes 1. Scaling 2. Pruritus 3. Erythema 4. Vesicles Lipodermatosclerosis
More informationArterial Bypass Grafts to the Legs and Femoral Endarterectomy
Patient Information Arterial Bypass Grafts to the Legs and Femoral Endarterectomy We expect you to make a rapid recovery after your operation and to experience no serious problems. However, it is important
More informationSquamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma Skin Oncology Team Patient Information Leaflet Introduction This leaflet has been written to help you understand more about squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. It tells you what
More informationThe Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System The Lymphatic System The Lymphatic System Carries essential nutrients to the cells Collects cellular waste Plays an important role in the immune system of the body Lymph A fluid that
More informationTHE MANAGEMENT OF THE SWOLLEN ARM IN CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST
THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SWOLLEN ARM IN CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST NORMAN TREVES, M.D. The terms "brawny arm" and "lymphedema" have been given to the swollen arm which may complicate the inoperable, recurrent,
More informationMUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS: THE BIGGEST JOB SAFETY PROBLEM. What Are Musculoskeletal Disorders
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS: THE BIGGEST JOB SAFETY PROBLEM What Are Musculoskeletal Disorders Every year more than 1.8 million workers in the United States suffer painful back and repetitive strain injuries,
More informationANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ONLINE COURSE - SESSION 11 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ONLINE COURSE - SESSION 11 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY Functions of the Lymphatic System The lymphatic system has three primary functions. First of all, it returns excess interstitial
More informationKeep moving. Self-help and daily living Keep moving. and answers to your questions about how to exercise if you have arthritis.
Self-help and daily living This booklet provides information and answers to your questions about how to exercise if you have arthritis. Arthritis Research UK produce and print our booklets entirely from
More informationBlood and the Lymphatic System. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview Blood and the Lymphatic System
Lesson Overview 33.2 Blood and the Lymphatic System THINK ABOUT IT When you think about body tissues, you probably picture something with a definite shape, like muscle or skin. But blood is a tissue too
More informationExercises and advice following your breast surgery and axillary node clearance (ANC)
Exercises and advice following your breast surgery and axillary node clearance (ANC) This leaflet gives information to people who have had breast surgery. It contains exercises that your physiotherapist
More informationANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II THE BODY SYSTEMS Anatomy & Physiology II The Body Systems Michelle Cochrane 2014 All rights reserved. This material is subject to copyright and may not be reprinted or reproduced
More informationTreatment of lymphoedema surgical and conservative approaches
Treatment of lymphoedema surgical and conservative approaches Nina Linnitt RN Clinical Manager medi UK Current Chair British Lymphology Society (BLS) What is lymphoedema? International Societie de Lymphologue
More informationFrom the Plastic and Jaw Department, United She3~eM Hospitals.
THE " BLUE FLAP ": A METHOD OF TREATMENT By WILFRED HYNES, F.R.C.S. From the Plastic and Jaw Department, United She3~eM Hospitals. THE " blue flap," one of the most difficult problems in surgery, is apt
More informationLX7 (Luxury) New automatic system
LX7 Product Introduction RevitaPump LX7 Sequential Compression Therapy Solutions LX7 (Luxury) New automatic system 2 Compression modes Pressure: 20~250mmHg Optional care (foot, calf, knee, thigh) Automatic
More informationDawn Heal RN, MLD/CDT MLD Therapist/Lymphoedema Nurse Specialist The Hampshire Lymphoedema Clinic
Dawn Heal RN, MLD/CDT MLD Therapist/Lymphoedema Nurse Specialist The Hampshire Lymphoedema Clinic Aims Anatomy & Physiology Signs & Symptoms Preventative Measures Maintenance What is lymphoedema? Lymphoedema
More informationThe Lymphatic System. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi
The Lymphatic System Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Functions of The Lymphatic System Lymphatic capillaries reabsorb excessive tissue fluid and transport the fluid through the lymphatic pathway, and ultimately dispose
More informationEDUCATION. Peripheral Artery Disease
EDUCATION Peripheral Artery Disease Peripheral Artery Disease You may have circulation problems that have to do with your blood vessels. You may feel aches, pains, cramps, numbness or muscle fatigue when
More informationCASE STUDY. Potential conflict of interest:
CASE STUDY presented by MICHEL EID, Lymphedema therapist Vodder School Teacher Physio Extra 2014 1 Potential conflict of interest: Invited speaker for: Physio Extra Jobst Medi Valco 1 What is lymphedema?
More informationHealth Bites Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer. Normal breast
Health Bites Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Normal breast The normal breast tissue varies in size and shape. The breasts rest in front of the rib cage. The breasts are made up of fatty tissue, milk ducts
More informationSurgery. In this fact sheet. Surgery: English
Surgery: English Surgery This information is about surgery (having an operation). Any words that are underlined are explained in the glossary at the end. Many people with cancer will have surgery as part
More informationLymphoscintigraphy is a special type of nuclear medicine imaging that provides pictures called scintigrams of the lymphatic system.
Scan for mobile link. Lymphoscintigraphy Lymphoscintigraphy helps evaluate your body s lymphatic system for disease using small amounts of radioactive materials called radiotracers that are typically injected
More informationCardiovascular Module
Cardiovascular Module Cardiovascular Physiology Lect. Six Microcirculation & Lymphatics (Edema formation) Prof. Dr. Najeeb Hassan Mohammed The microcirculation and the lymphatic system The microcirculation
More informationNHS Training for Physiotherapy Support Workers. Workbook 12 The cardiovascular system
NHS Training for Physiotherapy Support Workers Workbook 12 The cardiovascular system Contents Workbook 12 The cardiovascular system 1 12.1 Aim 3 12.2 Learning outcomes 3 12.3 The cardiovascular system
More informationLYMPHATIC SYSTEM LAB WORKSHEET
NAME: Pd 4 DATE: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM LAB WORKSHEET ACTIVITY 1: Answer the following questions 1. What is lymph? What is the normal composition of lymph? How does the composition of lymph differs from that
More informationChapter 27 The Heart and Blood Vessels
Chapter 27 The Heart and Blood Vessels Most animals have a closed blood system. The blood flows continuously in vessels back to the heart. In an open system the blood is pumped into open ended tubes and
More informationBlood is carried within a closed transport system that is made up of three types of vessel:
Page 1 of 5 Home A-level Biology Transport Transport in Mammals Biology A-level: Transport Transport in Mammals A recurring theme in biological systems is the surface area to volume ratio. All cells require
More informationDIABETES AND FOOTCARE
DIABETES AND FOOTCARE Self-Care and Treatment for Healthy Feet Don t Take Your Feet for Granted Every day, you depend on your feet to keep you moving. But when you have diabetes, your feet need special
More informationNorthumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust. Your guide to breast and chest wall swelling after breast cancer treatments. Issued by the Breast Team
Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust Your guide to breast and chest wall swelling after breast cancer treatments Issued by the Breast Team This leaflet is to give you information on the treatment
More informationHand and Arm Guidelines After Your Axillary Lymph Node Dissection
PATIENT & CAREGIVER EDUCATION Hand and Arm Guidelines After Your Axillary Lymph Node Dissection This information describes how to prevent infection and reduce swelling in your hand and arm after your axillary
More informationAbscess. A abscess is a localized collection of pus in the skin and may occur on any skin surface and be formed in any part of body.
Abscess A abscess is a localized collection of pus in the skin and may occur on any skin surface and be formed in any part of body. Ethyology Bacteria causing cutaneous abscesses are typically indigenous
More information0047 Broschüre Lymph. engl. NEU :29 Uhr Seite 1. Lymphoedema. its cause and how to manage it. Innovation in medical compression
0047 Broschüre Lymph. engl. NEU 03.08.2001 16:29 Uhr Seite 1 Lymphoedema its cause and how to manage it Innovation in medical compression 0047 Broschüre Lymph. engl. NEU 03.08.2001 16:29 Uhr Seite 2 Contents
More informationARIZONA VEIN & VASCULAR CENTER
ARIZONA VEIN & VASCULAR CENTER New Year, New You January-March 2015 Highlighted Articles: What is this painful bump on the back of my heel? By: Dr. Ronald D. Holgado What is Lymphedema? By: Dr. Baljeet
More informationIntroduction to Lesson 4 - The Lymphatic System
Introduction to Lesson 4 - The Lymphatic System Your circulatory system is not your body s only vascular transport system. Closely associated with the blood vessels of the circulatory system is the lymphatic
More informationLymphedema. Information sheet and exercises
Lymphedema Information sheet and exercises Lymphedema and its cause Lymphedema may manifest as swelling of one or more limbs and may include the corresponding quadrant of the trunk. Swelling may also affect
More informationExercises and advice following your breast reconstruction surgery
Exercises and advice following your breast reconstruction surgery This leaflet gives information to people who have had breast reconstructive surgery. It contains exercises that your physiotherapist would
More informationX-Plain Breast Cancer Surgery Reference Summary
X-Plain Breast Cancer Surgery Reference Summary Introduction Breast lumps are a common condition that affects millions of women every year. Breast lumps may be cancerous. Breast cancer occurs in approximately
More informationLatmedical, LLC is the exclusive Caribbean distributor
No-Varix Graduated Compression Hosiery is manufactured by TEXPON S.A., the only Latin- American company certified with the norm ISO 9001:00 with scope of manufacture of graduate compression hosiery for
More informationBeaumont Hospital Surgical Directorate RECOVERY FOLLOWING BREAST SURGERY. Information for Patients PRINTROOM PDF SUP236B
Beaumont Hospital Surgical Directorate RECOVERY FOLLOWING BREAST SURGERY Information for Patients PRINTROOM PDF 24012017 SUP236B Recovery involves healing both on a physical and emotional level and the
More informationKettering Breast Service. Advice and Arm Exercises Following Breast Surgery. Information
Kettering Breast Service Advice and Arm Exercises Following Breast Surgery Information Exercises following breast surgery are an important part of post-operative care. The gentle exercises contained in
More informationVaricose Veins Operation. Patient Information Leaflet
Varicose Veins Operation Patient Information Leaflet April 2017 1 WHAT IS VARICOSE VEIN SURGERY (HIGH LIGATION AND MULTIPLE AVULSIONS) The operation varies from case to case, depending on where the leaky
More informationUNDERSTANDING VEIN PROBLEMS
UNDERSTANDING VEIN PROBLEMS Varicose Veins, Chronic Venous Insufficiency, and DVT Do You Have a Vein Problem? Have you noticed pain or swelling in your legs? Do your symptoms worsen when you re sitting
More informationTraining Outline. History of medi. Circulation in the body. Medical Conditions. Athletic Conditions. Compression in Sports. Compression for recovery
Compression 101 1 Training Outline History of medi Circulation in the body Medical Conditions Athletic Conditions Compression in Sports Compression for recovery Tips 2 History of medi medi began in the
More informationIntermittent Claudication
Intermittent Claudication Exceptional healthcare, personally delivered Ask 3 Questions Preparation for your Appointments We want you to be active in your healthcare. By telling us what is important to
More informationDL1200L (Luxury, 12 chambers)
MAIN OFFICE & FACTORY: 689-31, GUMJUNG-DONG, GUNPO-SHI, GYEONGGI-DO, 435-862, KOREA Tel: +82-31-459-7211 Fax: 459-7215 http://www.dsmaref.com/ E-mail: info@dsmaref.com DL1200L (Luxury, 12 chambers) SYSTEM
More informationIntegumentary System-Skin and Body Coverings
Integumentary System-Skin and Body Coverings List the four types of epithelial or connective membranes. The epithelial cutaneous includes your and is exposed to the. Its function is to. An example is..
More informationCARING FOR THE CLIENT ON COMPLETE BEDREST
CARING FOR THE CLIENT ON COMPLETE BEDREST INTRODUCTION The human body is designed to move. And just as the human body thrives on movement, it suffers when for one reason or another there is enforced immobility.
More informationGangrene. Introduction Gangrene is the death of tissues in your body. It happens when a part of your body loses its blood supply.
Gangrene Introduction Gangrene is the death of tissues in your body. It happens when a part of your body loses its blood supply. Gangrene can happen on the surface of the body, such as on the skin. It
More informationNorthumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust. Exercise for Arm Lymphoedema. Issued by the Lymphoedema / Breast Team
Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust Exercise for Arm Lymphoedema Issued by the Lymphoedema / Breast Team This leaflet gives you information on exercises. Exercise is an essential component of lymphoedema
More informationVaricose Vein Information Sheet
Neil Goldstein, MD Joseph Hewett, MD Board- Certified Physicians in Interventional, Diagnostic, and Vascular Radiology, Surgery, Vascular Surgery and Phlebology Varicose Vein Information Sheet PREVALENCE
More information