series kids QUESTION ANSWER What are antiretroviral drugs?

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1 What are antiretroviral drugs? Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are given to people who have HIV, and a low CD4 count (CD4 cells are the cells in the body that fight illness and keep us healthy). ARVs help you fight the virus and live longer.

2 How do antiretroviral drugs work? They make HIV lose power to multiply. This helps your immune system stay strong and keeps you healthy.

3 What do the initials ART stand for? Antiretroviral Therapy. This includes taking Antiretroviral drugs and practising positive living (good nutrition, practising safe sex, exercising and being part of a support group).

4 Is HIV the same as AIDS? HIV is not the same as AIDS. Having HIV does not mean someone has AIDS. People living with HIV can live normal and healthy lives. When someone has AIDS they are now very sick and HIV levels in their blood have become very high.

5 When can someone start ART? A doctor will decide when someone is ready to start ART by looking at the person s overall health. They will test your blood to see how strong your immune system is, and if you need to start.

6 What is a CD4 count? A CD4 count is a test that counts the CD4 cells in your blood. CD4 cells are cells in the body that help fight disease and keep our immune systems healthy.

7 Which of these is true? a. ART completely removes the risk of infecting others with HIV. b. ART cures HIV. c. ART prolongs and improves the quality of life of a person living with HIV. c. ART prolongs and improves the quality of life of a person living with HIV.

8 Name 3 good things about starting ART. Possible answers:- ART can strengthen the immune system; a strong immune system means improved health, energy and strength. ART decreases a person s risk of getting opportunistic infections; fewer opportunistic infections mean a longer and better life. ART can lift your spirits by giving you hope for the future. ART will help you become an active and useful member of your family, school and community again.

9 What are the side effects of ART? Side effects are problems caused by ART, as your body adjusts to the way the drugs work against HIV.

10 Name 3 common side effects of ART. Possible answers:- nausea vomiting diarrhoea stomach pain headache tiredness skin rash loss of appetite

11 What are 3 important things to remember about being on ART? Possible answers:- ART needs to be taken every day - for the rest of your life (forever). ART should be taken with the right food, as the doctor prescribed. ART should be taken at the same time every day. Some drugs need to be taken with food, and some on an empty stomach.

12 What is the term for taking ART in the right way? Adherence.

13 Give 3 ideas to help someone remember to take their Antiretroviral drugs, every day at the right time. Possible answers:- Make a timetable or chart with a list of the pills and times, and space to tick after they are taken. Set a watch or alarm clock or cell phone as a reminder. Store pills where they will be noticed at the right time, for example: with your breakfast plate or toothbrush. Keep pills in a container with compartments that can be filled once a week. Choose one family member as a treatment buddy.

14 What can be done if someone thinks they have recently been at risk of infection with HIV? They can take ART within the first hours after exposure, as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), to prevent HIV infection. They must go for an HIV test, then get another test in 3 months, and again in 6 months.

15 Name 3 things that a treatment buddy can do to help someone on ART. Possible answers:- Support them to accept their status, and encourage them to stay on their medicines, even when they are feeling ill. Knowledge is Power. Help them and their family find accurate information about HIV and treatment. Be a good listener and keep their secrets. Support them when they re not feeling well. Help them to remember to take their medicine on time. Help them to remember to eat the right foods. Help them to think positively. Support them to keep an adherence calendar.

16 Why is food so important when a person is taking ART? Children need enough good, nutritious food to grow well and develop their immune systems to fight infections. Children infected with HIV need more energy because their bodies are fighting the virus. Good nutrition increases the body s ability to handle ART, and helps ART to work better.

17 What is parent to child transmission? Parent to child transmission happens when a new born baby gets HIV from parents who have been infected with the virus. Transmission of the virus to the baby can happen:- During pregnancy. During delivery of the baby. Through breastfeeding.

18 How can a pregnant mother stop the virus from being passed to her baby? Possible answers:- By asking and learning more about HIV. By learning more about different breastfeeding methods to prevent her passing HIV to her baby during breastfeeding. By caring for her health and eating well. By getting medical care throughout her pregnancy. By getting on a prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program, which is a form of treatment preventing HIV from passing from her to her baby while she is pregnant. By using a condom during pregnancy and breastfeeding, to avoid re-infection with HIV, and practising positive prevention.

19 How would a breastfeeding mother stop HIV from being passed onto her baby through exclusive breastfeeding? Once the baby is born, the mother should give breast milk only, with no other food or fluids, (not even water), for 6 months. After 6 months she should stop breastfeeding altogether.

20 What does it mean to live positively? Living positively means living with HIV in a healthy way, keeping your body, mind and heart healthy, as well as having a positive attitude. This helps a person live fully, as long as possible.

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