The Hospitalized HIV+ Patient
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1 The Hospitalized HIV+ Patient Danny Toub MD October 8, 2012 Santa Rosa Family Medicine Residency List 3 ways of risk-stratifying known or suspected HIV+ inpatients Perform differential diagnosis and workup of suspected Opportunistic Infections List 3 common reasons for ART medication errors in hospitalized HIV+ patients Stable HIV Continue ART (formulary) Adherence Drug Interactions Renal Insufficiency NPO IRIS (recently stable) Known or Suspected HIV+ Inpatient Assess Risk End organ damage to Immune System? Clinical exam: Thrush, LAD, Wasting Absolute Lymphocyte Count <1000? CD4: <200, <14% HIV Viral Load: Detectable? HIV Urgency/Emergency: Pregnant? Needlestick? Pulm Sx Bacterial pneumonia PCP TB Histo GI Sx MAC/TB Cryptosporidia CMV Unstable HIV (new diagnosis or out of care) Neuro Sx Baseline labs Toxoplasma Cryptococcus CNS Lymphoma CMV Fever PCP TB Lymphoma Other Lymphoma cancer Assess for end-organ damage to Immune System Absolute Lymphocyte Count: <1000? Nadir or current CD4: <200? <14% about_nccc/pepline/ 1
2 The Stable HIV Inpatient Continue ART (formulary) Adherence Drug Interactions Renal Insufficiency NPO IRIS (recently stable) Formulary/Adherence 2
3 Contraindications with common ICU medications All NRTIs (except Abacavir) need renal dosing Contraindicated with NNRTIs Contraindicated with PIs Midazolam/Triazolam (both with Efavirenz) Midazolam/Triazolam Proton-Pump Inhibitors (Atazanavir) H2-blockers (If bid with Atazanavir) Amiodarone(Indinavir, Ritonavir or Tipranavir) Propafenone (Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Ritonavir, Tipranavir) Quinidine(Ritonavir or Tipranavir) Liquid Formulation -Practical/Palatable -OK for NG/feeding tubes -Impractical or powder OK to open capsules or crush/dissolve tablets (immediately) Not OK to crush/dissolve tablets Injectable formulations available ART Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Abacavir, Nevirapine, Emtricitabine, Fosamprenavir Ritonavir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir Nelfinavir(very impractical), Stavudine, (moderately impractical), Didanosine (somewhat cumbersome), Delavirdine (100mg), Etravirine, Nelfinavir Atazanavir, Delavirdine(200mg), Darunavir, Efavirenz,Emtricitabine, Nelfinavir, Tenofovir ALL COFORMULATIONS Darunavir,Indinavir, Maraviroc, Raltegravir, Rilpivirine, Tipranavir, Saquinavir, Enfuvirtide(SQ), Zidovudine(IV) 3
4 Improved survival in ICU for HIV patients Chest January; 135(1): doi: /chest Common ART medication errors Error class Rxas ordered Specific error Day 1 Errors (N=145) Incomplete regimen Incorrect dosage Darunavir600bid/ Ritonavir100bid Darunavir600bid/ Ritonavir100bid/ Abacavir 600qd/ Lamivudine 50 qd Missing additional Tenofovir/FTC Lamivudine dosage 150mg qd based on CrCl=40 64 (58%) 42 (38%) Day 2 Errors (N=22) 0 (0%) 11 (50%) Incorrect schedule Nonrecommended drug-drug combinations Lopinavir 200mg/Ritonavir 50mg two tabs qd and TDF/FTC qd Atazanavir 300mg/Ritonavir 100mg and TDF/FTC qdwith Inhaled Fluticasone daily Kaletra tablets are dosed bid Fluticasoneand Ritonavircan cause Cushing s 25 (23%) 14 (13%) 11 (50%) 0 (0%) Antiretroviral medication errors remain high but are quickly corrected among hospitalized HIV-infected adults. Yehia BR, Mehta JM, Ciuffetelli D, et al. ClinInfect Dis2012;55: Antiretroviral medication errors remain high but are quickly corrected among hospitalized HIVinfected adults. YehiaBR, Mehta JM, Ciuffetelli D, et al. ClinInfect Dis2012;55: Conclusion: ART medication errors are typically corrected within 48 hours (if you have two ID specialist PharmD s reviewing all medication orders for: ART medication errors and ART drug interaction errors) Immune Reconsitution Inflammation Syndrome (IRIS) Unmasking IRIS Clinical presentation of preexisting, subclinical OI after HAART initiation Viable pathogens Usually 3 months of HAART Example: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (MAC), TB Paradoxical IRIS Exacerbation and/or return of sxs of currently or recently treated OI Non-viable antigens of pathogens Usually 3 months of HAART Months to years for immune recovery (CMV) uveitis Examples: TB, Cryptococcal disease, Kaposi s sarcoma (KS) 8:30AM-5:30PM: (SRCHC x425) HIV Nurse Case Manager 24/7 HIV Specialist on-call: to reach cell phone of an HIV Specialist MD Newly diagnosed HIV+ pts: clients call for the HIV Outreach Worker. HIV Case Manager will assess hospitalized clients within 48 hours: Newly diagnosed: in hospital within 48 hrs after notification of admission All HIV+ patients: Telephone or in office within 48 hrs after hospital discharge 4
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