MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE BIO 140 MYCOLOGY OUTLINE. 1. Type of cell. 2. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular

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1 MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE BIO 140 MYCOLOGY OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION TO THE KINGDOM FUNGI DOMAIN EUKARYA A. General Characteristics 1. Type of cell 2. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular 3. Cell wall composition (if present) 4. Cell membrane different from bacteria 5. Nutritional requirement 6. Gaseous environment 7. Motility 8. Resting stage _ 9. Means of reproduction 10. Secrete digestive enzymes B. Reservoir/Type Of Infections 1. Yeast a. Normal flora of humans and animals b. Found in nature c. Infections include: P:\sci\je\ 1

2 2. Molds a. Reservoir and b. Infections include: 3. Mushrooms a. Reservoir b. Intoxication II. HUMAN YEAST INFECTIONS OPPORTUNISTIC A. Organism: Cryptococcus neoformans associated with pigeons Disease: Route of Transmission: Symptoms: Treatment: Antifungal such as Amphotericin B Diagnosis: B. Organism: Candida albicans Disease: Thrush Route of Transmission: Symptoms: Treatment: Topical _ Diagnosis: P:\sci\je\ 2

3 C. Organism: Candida albicans Disease: Vaginitis Route of Transmission: Symptoms: Treatment: Topical _ Diagnosis: D. Organism: Candida albicans Disease: Nail Infection Route of Transmission: Contact Symptoms: Treatment: Topical _ Diagnosis: E. Organism: Candida albicans Disease: Septicemia Route of Transmission: Symptoms: Treatment: Amphotericin B Diagnosis: P:\sci\je\ 3

4 F. Organism: Candida species (other than albicans) Disease: Route of Transmission: Symptoms: Treatment: Antifungal such as Amphotericin B Diagnosis: III. HUMAN MOLD INFECTIONS A. Terminology 1. Spore: 2. Hyphae: 3. Mycelium Aerial: _ Vegetative: 4. Identification: Macroscopic and Microscopic B. Cutaneous (Superficial) Infections Organism: Dermatophytes Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton Pathogens Disease: Ringworm _ Route of Transmission: Symptoms: Diagnosis: Treatment: Topical, Lamisil P:\sci\je\ 4

5 C. Subcutaneous Infections Organism: Sporothrix schenkii - Dimorphic Disease: Route of Transmission: Symptoms: Treatment: Diagnosis: D. Systemic Infections 1. Organism: Histoplasma capsulatum Dimorphic Disease: Route of Transmission: Symptoms: Treatment: Diagnosis: 2. Organism: Coccidiodes immitis Dimorphic Disease: Route of Transmission: Symptoms: Treatment: Diagnosis: P:\sci\je\ 5

6 3. Organism: Aspergillus fumigatus Opportunistic Disease: Pneumonia, Allergic Bronchitis Route of Transmission: Symptoms: Treatment: Diagnosis: 4. Organism: Penicillium Disease: None Use: 5. Organism: Mucor/Rhizopus Opportunistic Disease: Route of Transmission: Symptoms: Treatment: Diagnosis: 6. Others Eye and Nail Infections 7. Organism: Pneumocystis jiroveci Opportunistic Disease: Route of Transmission: Symptoms: Treatment: Diagnosis: P:\sci\je\ 6

7 E. Useful: Yeast Molds Mushrooms P:\sci\je\ 7

8 MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE BIO 140 PARASITOLOGY OUTLINE Protozoa and Helminths I. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROTOZOA A. General Characteristics 1. Eukaryotes containing organelles 2. Kingdom Protista 3. Unicellular 4. Chemoheterotrophs 5. Vegetative (feeding stage) Trophozoite 6. Sexual and asexual reproduction 7. Cysts may be produced during adverse conditions; not all protozoa are able to form cysts 8. Reservoir: soil, water, and normal flora in animals 9. No cell wall; most are phagocytes 10. Move by pseudopods, cilia, flagella or non-motile 11. Each species is usually confined to one or just a few hosts B. Phylum 1. Rhizopoda (amoeba) a. Entamoeba histolytica 1) Life Cycle: 2) Disease: 3) Transmission: 4) Symptoms: 5) Diagnosis (Lab): 6) Treatment: 7) Reservoir: P:\sci\je\ 8

9 b. Entamoeba coli P:\sci\je\ 9 1) Life Cycle: 2) Disease: None 3) Identification (Lab): 4) Reservoir: c. Acanthamoeba (presented after intestinal protozoa) 1) Disease: 2) Transmission: 3) Symptoms: 4) Diagnosis (Lab): 5) Treatment: 2. Archaezoa (flagellates) a. Giardia lamblia 1) Life Cycle: 2) Disease: 3) Transmission: 4) Symptoms: 5) Diagnosis (Lab): 6) Treatment: 7) Reservoir:

10 b. Trichomonas vaginalis (and hominis) 1) Life Cycle: No cyst stage 2) Disease: 3) Transmission: 4) Symptoms: Inflammation and itching 5) Diagnosis (Lab): 6) Treatment: Flagyl 7) Reservoir: 3. Ciliophora (ciliate) a. Balantidium coli 1) Life Cycle: 2) Disease: 3) Transmission: 4) Symptoms: 5) Diagnosis (Lab): 6) Treatment: 7) Reservoir: P:\sci\je\ 10

11 4. Apicomplexa a. Plasmodium species 1) Life Cycle: Definitive Host is: Anopheles Mosquito Intermediate host is: 2) Disease: 3) Transmission: Vector 4) Symptoms: 5) Diagnosis (Lab): 6) Treatment: Quinine and Quinine Derivatives Derivatives of Artemisinin Vaccine Status 7) Reservoir: P:\sci\je\ 11

12 b. Toxoplasma gondii 1) Life Cycle: Definitive Host is: Intermediate host is: 2) Disease: 3) Transmission: 4) Symptoms: 5) Diagnosis (Lab): 6) Treatment: 7) Reservoir: c. Cryptosporidium species 1) Life Cycle: 2) Disease: 3) Transmission: 4) Symptoms: 5) Diagnosis (Lab): 6) Treatment: 7) Reservoir: d. Pneumocystis jirovei (carinii) Previously classified as a protozoa but moved to kingdom fungi after DNA relatedness studies showed it more closely resembles a yeast. P:\sci\je\ 12

13 II. INTRODUCTION TO THE HELMINTHS (parasitic worms) A. General Characteristics 1. Multicellular Eukaryotes 2. Parasitic roundworms or flatworms in kingdom animalia 3. Have differentiated tissues; unicellular stages 4. Reproduce sexually 5. Treatment difficult animal infecting animal 6. Usually diagnosed by identifying eggs or proglottids in the stool 7. May be an intermediate and definitive host 8. Chemoheterotrophs B. Phylum Nematoda a. Enterobius vermicularis Pinworm 1) Life Cycle: P:\sci\je\ 13 2) Disease: 3) Transmission: 4) Symptoms: 5) Diagnosis (Lab): 6) Treatment: Mebendazole or Vermox 7) Reservoir: Comments: b. Necator americanus Hookworm 1) Life Cycle: 2) Disease: 3) Transmission: 4) Symptoms: 5) Diagnosis (Lab): 6) Treatment: 7) Reservoir: Comments:

14 c. Trichinella spiralis 1) Life Cycle: 2) Disease: 3) Transmission: 4) Symptoms: 5) Diagnosis (Lab): 6) Treatment: 7) Reservoir: Comments: d. Ascaris lumbricoides 1) Life Cycle: 2) Disease: 3) Transmission: 4) Symptoms: 5) Diagnosis (Lab): 6) Treatment: 7) Reservoir: Comments: P:\sci\je\ 14

15 C. Phylum Platyhelminths Cestodes Tapeworms a. Taenia solium 1) Life Cycle: 2) Disease: 3) Transmission: 4) Symptoms: 5) Diagnosis (Lab): 6) Treatment: 7) Reservoir: Comments: b. Taenia saginattus 1) Life Cycle: 2) Disease: 3) Transmission: 4) Symptoms: 5) Diagnosis (Lab): 6) Treatment: 7) Reservoir: Comments: Trematodes Flukes a. Paragonimus westermani P:\sci\je\ 15

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