Household, Institutional, and Industrial. Pest Management. Pesticide Education Program

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Abner Ellis
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1 Household, Institutional, and Industrial Pest Management Pesticide Education Program

2 Contents Introduction...2 Scope of Structural Insect and Rodent Pest Management...3 Health and Other Risks Associated with Structural and Rodent Pests (Damage)...4 Asthma and Allergies... 4 Bites... 4 Disease and Parasite Transmission... 4 Delusional Parasitosis... 5 Thought Process When Responding to a Pest Complaint: Discover the Answer Based on Circumstances...6 IPM Techniques...7 Identification of Pest and Inspection of Premises... 7 Recordkeeping... 7 Physical Control: Exclusion, Habitat Modification, and Food Reduction... 7 Mechanical Control: Traps... 8 Pesticides... 9 Pests and Control Tactics...11 Ants Acrobat Ants...13 Carpenter Ants...13 Cornfield Ants...15 Crazy Ants...15 Little Black Ants...16 Odorous House Ants...16 Pavement Ants...16 Pharaoh Ants...17 Thief Ants...17 Yellow or Citronella Ants...18 General Ant Management...18 Bumble Bees, Honey Bees, and Wasps Bumble Bees...20 Eastern Carpenter Bees...21 Honey Bees...22 Baldfaced Hornets...23 European Hornets...24 Paper Wasps...25 Yellowjackets...26 Cockroaches American Cockroaches...28 Brownbanded Cockroaches...28 German Cockroaches...29 Oriental Cockroaches...29 Pennsylvania Wood Cockroaches...30 Structural Cockroach Management...31 Flies Bottle and Blow Flies...34 Cluster Flies...35 Small Fruit or Vinegar Flies...35 House Flies...36 Moth, Drain, or Sewage Flies...37 Phorid (Humpbacked, Scuttle, or Coffin) Flies...38 Darkwinged Fungus Gnats...39 Pantry (Stored Product) Pests Drugstore and Cigarette Beetles...40 Flour (Confused and Red) Beetles...40 Sawtoothed and Merchant Grain Beetles...40 Spider Beetles...41 Angoumois Grain Moths...41 Indian Meal Moths...42 Granary, Maize, and Rice Weevils...42 Management of Pantry (Stored Product) Pests...43 Fabric Pests Carpet Beetles...43 Larder Beetles...44 Webbing and Casemaking Clothes Moths...44 Management of Fabric Pests...44 Blood-feeding and Other Potentially Biting Pests Bed Bugs...45 Fleas...48 Lice...49 Mites...50 Mosquitoes...51 Spiders...52 Ticks...56 Occasional, Nuisance, or Incidental Pests Multicolored Asian Lady Beetles...59 Booklice...60 Boxelder Bugs...60 Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs...61 House Centipedes...62 Crickets...63 Clover Mites...63 House Dust Mites...64 Earwigs...65 Millipedes...65 Silverfish and Firebrats...66 Springtails...67 Commensal Rodents (Mice and Rats) House Mouse...68 White-footed or Deer Mouse...69 Norway Rat...70 Roof or Black Rat...71 Commensal Rodent Management...72 References...76

3 Fig. 1. Pest management professional with client. S. B. Jacobs Introduction Welcome to the profession of pest management. You may be reading this as your introduction to structural, stored product, and public health pest management or as a refresher. This manual can serve as a reference for your future work. As a professional pesticide applicator, you have great responsibility for your work, your safety, and the safety of those for whom you work. Safety is most important because the goal of structural, stored product, and public health pest management is to protect lives and property from pests. A key interest in learning is vital to safe, effective pest management. Regular training, updates on pesticide regulations and pest control technology, and refreshers on basics, such as insect identification, will support and advance your career in pest management. Good customer service is vital. Clear, honest, and competent communication with your clients will give them confidence in your ability to solve their problems. It also reduces your risks of legal troubles. Understanding pest biology, pesticide formulations and uses, and pesticide laws and regulations will make you, the pest management professional (PMP), a valuable member of any team (Fig. 1). A note about the scientific names used in this manual: Standard naming (nomenclature) of living organisms is broken down into a system. The following order uses the American cockroach as an example: Kingdom: Animalia (animal [versus plant, fungus, or other]) Phylum: Arthropoda (animals with jointed legs) Class: Insecta (insects) Order: Blattaria (cockroaches) Family: Blattidae (type of cockroach) Genus: Periplaneta (a more specific type of cockroach) Species: Periplaneta americana (note that the species name has both the genus and species names, with the last name in lower case; species names are italicized) The key to structural pest management is the concept of integrated pest management (IPM). This can be defined as a way of combining tools to manage pests in an economical and effective way. IPM also reduces the environmental and human health risks associated with pests and the means of controlling them. IPM is not product based. It is a stepwise plan of action that may or may not include the use of pesticides. IPM relies heavily on the knowledge obtained through learning, inspection, monitoring, and recordkeeping

Scope of Structural Insect and Rodent Pest Management Structural pest management can be broken down into categories: the wood-destroying pests, pests of the indoor environment, pests of food and

4 Scope of Structural Insect and Rodent Pest Management Structural pest management can be broken down into categories: the wood-destroying pests, pests of the indoor environment, pests of food and fiber, and pests at the perimeter of the structure (Fig. 2). Wooddestroying pests include termites, carpenter ants, wood-boring beetles, and carpenter bees. Rodents can cause minor damage to structures through gnawing and major damage when gnawing results in fire. Ants, bed bugs, beetles, booklice, cockroaches, fleas, flies, mites, moths, rodents, and silverfish are considered important indoor pests. Pests of food and fiber include ants, beetles, cockroaches, mites, moths, and rodents. Perimeter pest control covers a variety of accidental invaders, such as boxelder bugs, centipedes, cluster and other flies, lady beetles, leaf-footed bugs, millipedes, spiders, and stink bugs, as well as intentional visitors, such as ants and rodents. Many pests fall into several categories. Correct identification is the first and most important step to accurately and effectively dealing with a pest problem. However, finding a specimen may not always be possible. This will require the PMP to consider evidence of pest presence and judge how old or new that evidence might be. Fig. 2. Termite damage on a garage door. S. B. Jacobs - 3 -

5 Fig. 3. German cockroaches contaminating food. Clemson University USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, Bugwood.org Health and Other Risks Associated with Structural and Rodent Pests (Damage) Humans have variable sensitivities to the presence of animals in their environment. Some people are allergic to pet dander or rodents. Others are sensitive to the presence of insects. Even pets can exhibit allergies to pests, particularly fleas. However, the risks that pests impart are not limited to allergies. Asthma and Allergies Insects, mites, and rodents may cause respiratory irritation when sensitive individuals inhale or ingest particles of their bodies or feces. Dermal allergies also occur in some people exposed to insect particles, such as dermestid larval hairs and the excreta of house dust mites. The most common and potentially severe allergy is through respiratory exposure in sensitive people that can lead to acute asthma, a condition that can be life threatening. Cockroaches, house dust mites, and rodents are very common triggers of asthma, so sanitation is an important part of the control process. Wasps, bees, and some ants have stingers that are used in defense and for subduing prey. The stinger is used to inject venom, and many species inflict a painful sting. Some people have life-threatening allergic reactions to wasp or bee venom, so control of these insects in public places can be a priority. Bites Many types of pest organisms can and will bite humans. They may bite to feed on blood, as lice, mosquitoes, and bed bugs do, or in defense, as with spiders. Arthropod bites present in a variety of ways, from itchy welts to blisters or dying (necrotic) tissue. Very rarely, severe bed bug infestations can cause anemia. Bites also provide an opportunity for secondary skin infections, which can be serious. Rodents are also known to bite people, causing injury. It is not uncommon for children to experience rat bites on exposed skin, when rats are a pest of the home. Disease transmission from a rat bite is rare but possible. Rats can be infected with rabies, though it is uncommon and there has never been a recorded case of rodent-transmitted rabies in the United States. Disease and Parasite Transmission An organism is called a vector when it carries a disease organism from one host to another. Many of the well-known vectors occur in the structural environment, including cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes, ticks, and even body lice. Diseases, including foodborne illness, may be life threatening for some people. It is important to understand the role of vector pest control in public health and safety. Many disease organisms are uncommon in the United States due to vector control and availability of medicine, but they do appear on occasion and can spread. Cockroaches carry a number of human-disease-causing organisms and are thought to be a major source of Salmonella contamination (Fig. 3). Filth flies also transmit disease organisms mechanically (on their bodies) because of their unsanitary habits. Because they are attracted to wounds and body fluids, pharaoh ants are known to spread disease organisms when they are active in hospitals. Many species of mosquitoes carry and vector arthropod-borne viruses (also called arboviruses), including West Nile virus, eastern equine - 4 -

Appendix III - Insect Collection Checklist

Appendix III - Insect Collection Checklist Appendix III - Insect Checklist Common Name Order 1. Alfalfa weevil Coleoptera 2. American cockroach Dictyoptera 3. Angoumois grain moth Lepidoptera 4. Annual cicada Homoptera 5. Antlion Neuroptera 6.