Organ Systems (ch21-26) Practice Questions. Name:

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1 1. Which one of the following types of tissue stores fat in the body? A) blood B) cartilage C) bone D) adipose tissue E) fibrous connective tissue 2. Which of the following tissues does not match its function? A) epithelial - lines organs B) connective - binds and supports other tissues C) muscle - responsible for movement D) nervous ensure homeostasis 3. Which of the following is true of a typical skeletal muscle? A) Contraction is involuntary. B) It is found in the walls of organs such as the digestive tract. C) Its fibers do not have a striped appearance under the microscope. D) It can be enlarged by exercise. E) It is only found in heart tissue 4. A function of connective tissue is A) move the muscles of the body B) protect and cover the body C) stabilize and support the body D) form glands 5. The four types of body tissues are A) epithelial, glandular, muscle, and nervous B) epithelial, hormonal, cellular, and bone C) connective, cardiac, nervous, and adipose D) connective, epithelial, nervous, and muscle 6. Surface area in many kinds of organs is important because the amount of surface determines A) how much material can pass through the membrane. B) which kinds of materials can pass through the membrane. C) when materials can pass through the membrane. D) where materials can pass through the membrane. 7. Which of the following is FALSE? As a cell grows, its A) volume increases. B) surface area increases. C) surface-area-to-volume ratio increases. D) metabolic needs increase. 8. The pair of valves used to regulate the blood flow from the heart to the body are located A) between ventricles and major veins that enter the heart. B) between left atrium and ventricle C) between ventricles and pulmonary artery and aorta artery D) between right atrium and ventricle 9. The rhythmic beating of the heart is determined by A. the valves that determine a one-direction flow B. The medulla oblongata in the brain C. self excitable cells located in the right atrium D. the metabolic needs of the body 10. The primary function of capillaries is to A) Exchange materials with cells. B) Carry blood through the body. C) Manufacture blood cells. D) Connect arteries to heart. 11. Blood is carried from the heart to the lungs by the A) aorta (artery). B) pulmonary artery. C) pulmonary veins. D) vena cava.

2 12. Which of the following characteristics of capillaries is most directly related to their function of molecular exchange? A) Capillaries are located between arterioles and venules B) Capillaries lack muscles C) Capillaries allow blood to flow through them very rapidly. D) Capillaries have very thin walls. 13. Which of the following is NOT typically carried by the blood? A) heat B) hormones C) antibodies D) starch 14. Which is the most muscular and powerful chamber of the heart? A) right atrium B) left atrium C) right ventricle D) left ventricle 15. Contraction of the diaphragm causes A) a person to exhale. B) the size of the chest cavity to decrease. C) air to flow from the outside to the lungs. D) compression of the lungs. 16. Breathing rate increases during exercise because A) the heart is beating more rapidly. B) there is more oxygen in the blood. C) there is more carbon dioxide in the blood. D) there is an increase in blood ph from 7 to Which of the following would have the largest surface area? A) trachea B) bronchioles C) bronchi D) alveoli 18. Which of the following is NOT important in getting oxygen from the alveoli into the capillaries? A) the difference in oxygen concentration in the blood compared to the alveoli B) the number of alveoli and capillaries present C) the thickness of the capillary-alveolus wall D) the average heart rate a person has 19. In human blood, hemoglobin is contained within A) plasma. B) red blood cells. C) oxygen. D) platelets. 20. When a need for an increase in the breathing rate is detected in the brain, what organs receive the message in order to work faster? A) lungs, diaphragm, intercostal muscles B) diaphragm, intercostal muscles, heart C) heart, lungs, diaphragm D) lungs, heart, intercostal muscles 21. Which is NOT a function of the liver? A) detoxification of certain molecules B) bile production C) synthesis of nucleic acids and starch D) removal of foreign organisms 22. Gastric juice in the stomach A) contains hydrochloric acid. B) digests only fats. C) assists the function of saliva. D) is produced by the pancreas.

3 23. Chewing is important because it A) alters the food chemically B) adds enzymes that cause proteins, and fats to begin to be broken down C) increases the surface area exposed to the action of enzymes. D) All the previous are true 24. The presence of capillaries in villi of the small intestine is important because A) the villi need nourishment. B) they are involved in transporting nutrients from the intestine to the body. C) they are involved in transporting enzymes from the body to the intestine. D) they increase the surface area of the lining of the intestine. 25. The functions of the large intestine are (MARK ALL THAT APPLY) A) supply enzymes for digestion. B) reabsorb water. C) Absorb nutrients. D) produce vitamins. 26. Wich of the following describes the correct path followed by the urine? A) kidney ureter urinary bladder urethra B) urinary bladder kidney ureter urethra C) ureter urethra urinary bladder kidney D) kidney urinary bladder urethra ureter 27. Ingestion happens in the, digestion in the, absorption in the, and elimination in the A) mouth, esophagus, stomach, rectum B) mouth, stomach, small intestine, rectum C) mouth, stomach, large intestine, small intestine D) mouth, esophagus, small intestine, rectum 28. Of the following, is NOT a characteristic that allows the small intestine maximizing absorption A) its length B) fingerlike projections of its inner wall C) capillaries in close contact with its walls D) microvilli on its cells 29. The main mechanism by which blood is filtered in the glomerulus (first part of nephrons) is A) diffusion of materials due to blood pressure B) osmosis (water) by blood pressure C) movement of materials by active transport D) none of them is correct 30. Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism used by the kidneys to produce the urine? A) diffusion B) active transport C) filtration D) endocytosis 31. The and the both work reabsorbing water and body fluids A) small intestine, kidneys B) lungs, kidneys C) kidneys, large intestine D) rectum, kidneys 32. Of the following, the is not part of what is called the excretory system A) ureter B) kidneys C) rectum D) urinary bladder 33. Which of the following is the main function of the Bowman's capsule (the bunch of capillaries in contact with the first part of nephrons) A) Filtration B) Reabsorption C) Secretion D) Excretion

4 34. Once produced in the, the urine is stored in the A) kidneys, ureter B) kidneys, urethra C) large intestine, urinary bladder D) kidneys, urinary bladder 35. The nervous system uses as pathways to deliver a message, and the endocrine system uses A) nerves, blood B) blood, nerves C) both use nerves D) None of the options is correct 36. Which one of the following is NOT true about the endocrine system? A) Transmission of the signal is as rapid as the nervous system B) Uses blood as the pathway C) The message is delivered by means of chemical messengers D) the message is sent to all directions 37. In the nervous system, signals (stimuli) arrive always to the and travel to other parts of the body using A) axon -- dendrite B) soma--axon C) dendrite--axon D) synapse axon 38. Hormones made from chains of aminoacids are A) peptide hormones B) steroid hormones C) glycolipid hormones D) glycoprotein hormones 39. Steroid hormones generally work: A) Attaching to membrane receptors and triggering chemical reactions B) passing into the cell and attaching to receptors inside C) triggering an action potential inside the cell D) stimulating endocytosis of hormones and receptors in the cell membrane 40. Hormones A) bind to specific sensitive cells called target cells. B) are produced only by the brain. C) are required in high concentrations to have any effect. D) are only able to diffuse short distances from where they are produced. 41. Responses that are the result of hormones generally require A) large quantities of hormones to be produced. B) months to produce an effect. C) a small amount of hormones to produce a result in the body D) cells to increase their sensitivity to nervous stimulation. 42. Which of the following endocrine glands produces the largest number of different kinds of hormones? A) the pancreas B) the testes C) the thyroid D) the pituitary 43. What type of white blood cell is directly targeted by the HIV virus? A) Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes B) Helper T-lymphocytes C) B-lymphocytes D) Macrophages

5 44. An immune response from the body would happen in which of the following situations? A) recipient is A+ and the donor is O+ B) recipient is AB+ and the donor is O+ C) recipient is B+ and the donor is AB+ D) recipient is B+ and the donor is B+ 45. White blood cells is a general name that includes all of the following but A) T-lymphocytes B) Phagocytic cells C) antimicrobial proteins D) Natural killer cells 46. Nonspecific responses to pathogens involve the A) innate immunity B) acquired immunity C) B-cells D) T-cells 47. antibodies A) are specific proteins that recognize and attack foreign particles B) are present on the surface of cells C) are attacked by antigens D) are produced by Phagocytes 48. What type of antibodies are expected in the plasma of a person that has AB blood type? A) both a and b B) only a C) only b D) none 49. Which one of the following is NOT true about B-lymphocytes? A) are part of the adaptive immune system B) some of them produce antibodies C) do their job by engulfing pathogens by phagocytosis D) are white blood cells 50. is one of the different types of innate immunity A) skin B) secretions C) mucous membranes D) all are true

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