World Journal of Microbiology Vol. 1(2), pp , September, ISSN: XXXX-XXXX

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1 World Journal of Microbiology Vol. 1(2), pp , September, ISSN: XXXX-XXXX WJM Research Article Study of Fungal Genus Gyrothrix Corda from the forest flora of Indian Sub-continent Ravindra Singh Thakur 1* A.N. Rai 2 1* Biology Serology Section, State Forensic Laboratory Sagar (M.P.) India 2 Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University, Sagar (M.P.) India Plant fungal diseases characterized by different types of fungal host interactions, but there we have discussed only foliicolous (Leaf related fungal pathogen) fungal diseases. The present communication deals with a new species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes Gyrothrix caesalpiniacearum infecting the leaves of Bauhinia rufescens Lam. The collection of fungal disease specimens during the course of mycotaxonomic survey different seasons in round of the year, after that described to illustrate compared with allied taxa. Mycotaxonomic investigation from the forest flora of Betul (M.P.) Indian sub-continent. Betul located in the southern boundary of Madhya Pradesh, state of central India. It is one of the marginally located southern districts of Madhya Pradesh, lying almost wholly on the Satpura plateau. Key words: Leaves Fungi, Mycotaxonomy, Hyphomycetes, Gyrothrix caesalpiniacearum, Bauhinia rufescens Lam INTRODUCTION The genus Gyrothrix was establised by Corda (1842) to include species very close to Circinotrichum (Hughes Pirozynski 1970) but with branched setae. Nevertheless Corda did not propose a type species preserved the specimens with characters of Gyrothrix in the genus Campsotrichum Ehrenberg as C. podopermum section of Gyrothrix. Rabenhorst (1844) transferred Campsotrichum podospermum Corda to Gyrothrix podosperma (Corda) Rabenhorst. The morphological characters of Gyrothrix are much close to Circinotrichum: possibly they have the same phialidic conidiogenesis. In some species, like G. verticiclada Piroz. It is easy to find specimens with unbranched setae all the species of the two genera are characterized by a strong morphological variability. Goidanich (1935) described Peglionia verticiclada as new genus new species found on dead leaves of Laurus nobilis Prunus cerasus (Goidanich, 1935) in Italy. This species has morphological characters close to Gyrothrix Circinotrichum but drastically different as from Circinotrichum as from Gyrothrix, mainly for the particular shape of the setae. Hughes 1970, without any particular documentation leaving some perplexities, considereds Peglionia as synonym of Gyrothrix established the new combination Gyrothrix verticiclada (Goidanich 1935) Hughes. Nevertheless since there are impossibilities to find the original diagnosis of the genus proposed the diagnosis of Peglionia as Goidanich published in 1935 that could be extended to genus Gyrothrix. MATERIALS AND METHODS Survey of the fungal specimens from selected forest area. Collection of the fungal infected parts from plant, leaves their parts, Study of symptomatology, Slide preparation (by scrap, mount thin h cut section) microscopic investigation. Type material other herbarium specimens have been examined in distilled water lactic acid using an Olympus BX40 light microscope. On dead leaves Bauhinia rufescens Lam. (Fabaceae) August 2011, Betul Shahpur Forest, Madhya Pradesh, India, leg. R.S. THAKUR S.U. Herb No. RS-BOT-784 Holotype, HCIO Isotype *Corresponding author: Dr. Ravindra Singh Thakur, Lab of Mycology Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University, Sagar (M.P.) India. ravindrasingh_14@yahoo.com, mycologyravindrasagar@gmail.com

2 Thakur Rai 013 Material examined India, Madhya Pradesh, Betul, Shahpur Forest August 2011 (collector) R.S. THAKUR S.U. Herb No. RS-BOT- 784 Holotypus, HCIO Isotypus Results Mycotaxonomic analyses: GYROTHRIX CORDA (1842) Corda Icones Fungorum, 1842, fide Goidanich, Malpighia, Gyrothrix caesalpiniacearum Thakur R. S. Rai A. N. sp.nov. (Fig 01, Fig 02, Table 1.) Spots irregular, points to a small colony, amphigenous, amphiphyllous, effusive, light brown to black, with velvety growth. Mycelium superficial, partly embedded in the substrate. Superficial mycelium from a network of hyphal branches conidiphore bristles, smooth walled, septate, from light to dark in color. Stroma absent, bristles lot, mucronate hyphopodia mixed absent. Mostly transverse 1-5 branched time, time

3 World J. Microbiol. 014 to produce a detached arm is straight a small curve to produce a peak branch or distributed without the branch; was set up, simple to circinate spinulate simple, a few hairs short Branch coil to produce the end, the light the dark olive literally peak pseudoacute hayaline; septa, dark olive to brown, rough circinate x2-2.5 μm. Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, hayaline to gray, 2.5-4x1.5-2 μm. Cell may monoblastic, integrated, terminal, obclavato, smooth. Conidia aggregated in a hayaline to gray around the bristles, solitary, sometimes occering carrying the bristles from a different part of the branches, dry, cylindrical to lageniform, straight to curved, pseudopointed, 0 septa, 2.5-3x μm.

4 Thakur Rai 015 Table 1. Comparative account of Gyrothrix caesalpiniacearum sp. nov. with allied species. Species G. ramosa Zucconi Onofri (1989). G. caesalpiniacearum sp. nov. Spots Colonies Colonies effuse, blackish brown or black. Lesions irregular, amphigenous, colonies represented by small to large dots, amphiphyllous, effuse dark brown to light black, represented by velvety growth. Mycelium of hyphae superficial partly immersed in the substratum. Superficial mycelium composed of a network of hyphal branches with conidiophore setae, smooth walled, septate, light to dark in colour. Setae Conidiophores Conidia Color Size Structure (in Structure Septation µm) Erect, 1-3 times branched, branches circinate, septate, brown, verrucose, up to 150x3-3.5 μm. Numerous, generally intertwined 1-5 times branched, sometimes one arm becomes elongated, erect a bit curved at apex. Setae erect, simple to circinate, spinulate simple, few setae produce very short branches coil at end, light to dark olivaceous coiled apex, x Color Septation Hyaline, smooth. Micronematous, flexuous, Smooth. Conidiogenous cells near the base of the setae all over the mycelium, micronematous, mononematous. Subhyaline to pale brown. Hyaline to grey. 6-9x x Aggregated in white layer at the base of the setae, straight or slightly curved, 0- septate. Aggregated in a hyaline to grey bunch around the setae, solitary, sometimes appearing coming from setae from different part of branches, dry, cylindrical to lageniform, straight to curved, pseudopointed. Hyaline to grey, subpointed, 0 septate. Size (in µm) x x

5 World J. Microbiol. 016 Lesions irregular, amphigenous, colonies represented by small to large dots, amphiphyllous, effuse, dark brown to light black, represented by velvety growth. Mycelium of hyphae superficial partly immersed in the substratum. Superficial mycelium composed of a network of hyphal branches with conidiphore setae, smooth walled, septate, light to dark in colour. Stroma hyphopodia absent. Setae numerous, generally intertwined 1-5 times branched, sometimes one arm becomes elongated, erect a bit curved at apex. Setae erect, simple to circinate, spinulate simple, few setae produce very short branches coil at end, light to dark olivaceous coiled apex, x2-2.5 μm. Apex subacute hyaline, septate, dark olivaceous to brown, rough, circinate. Conidiogenous cells are represented by conidiophores on the superficial hyphae near the base of the setae all over the mycelium. Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, hyaline to grey, x1.5-2μm. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, integrated, terminal, obclavate, smooth. Conidia aggregated in a hayaline to grey bunch around the setae, solitary, sometimes appearing coming from setae from different part of branches, dry, cylindrical to lageniform, straight to curved, subpointed, 0 septatae, 2.5-3x μm. DISCUSSION It is gathered from systematic survey of the literature that no species of Gyrothrix has been reported on the host Bauhinia rufescens Lam. A thorough survey of literature on fungus genus Gyrothrix shows that a smaller number of species are reported from different host families, however, G. ramose, Zucconi Onofri (1989) is found comparable reported on the host family in question (G. caesalpiniacearum) (Table 1). The data reveal that the new taxon shows dissimilarities in length, shape emergence of the conidia with G. ramose. The setae, conidial structure colour do not match with the species of the table. Therefore, the present taxon is all together distinct in the all characters of taxonomic value cannot be accommodated with any pre-existing validly described species, therefore, needs its disposal as a new species. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to The Curator, Herbarium Cryptogamae Indiae Orientalis (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) New Delhi for depositing the fungal specimens their accession the Head, Department of Botany, Dr H S Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India for providing necessary facilities. REFERENCES Corda ACJ (1842). Anleitung zum Studium der Mykologie, Goidanich G (1935). Un nuovo genere di Demaziacee amerospore, Malpighia. 34: 5-9. Hughes SJ, Pirozynski KA (1970). New Zeal Fungi 15. Beltraniella, Circinotrichum Gyrothrix (Syn. Peglionia). New Zeal. J. Bot. 9: Index Fungorum. Authors of Fungal Names January 10, International Mycological Association. Fungal Database Nomenclature Species Bank. Accessed December 20, Kirk, P M (1981). New or interesting microfungi, III. A preliminary account of microfungi colonizing Laurus nobilis leaf litter. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 77(3): Kirk, P M (1982). New or interesting microfungi, V. Microfungi colonizing Laurus nobilis leaf litter. Trans Br. Mycol. Soc. 78(2): Systematic Mycology Microbiology Laboratory. Fungus-Host Database. Accessed August 21, 2014). Zucconi, L Onofri, S (1989). Gyrothrix ramosa sp. nov. notes on G. citricola, Mycol. Res. 92: Accepted 04 September, 2014 Citation: Thakur RS, Rai AN (2014). Study of Fungal Genus Gyrothrix Corda from the forest flora of Indian Sub-continent. World Journal of Microbiology, 1(2): Copyright: 2014 Thakur Rai. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction in any medium, provided the original author source are cited.