What is a Sweat Lodge Ceremony?

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1 Introduction For the first three quarters of the last century the Sweat Lodge Ceremony and all other Native American spiritual practices were forbidden by law in the United States. Finally in 1978 the American Indian Religious Freedom Act was passed allowing Native Americans to once again practice their sacred ceremonies. henceforth it shall be the policy of the United States to protect and preserve for American Indians their inherent right to freedom to believe, express, and exercise the traditional religions of the American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut, and Native Hawaiians, including but not limited to access to sites, use and possession of sacred objects, and the freedom to worship through ceremonial and traditional rites. Part of the reason these ceremonies were illegal was that people did not understand Native American beliefs and ceremonies. It was believed, for instance, that Native Americans worshiped the directions, the sun, animals, etc. In reality, Native Americans believed that there was one God, the Creator of the universe. The Ojibway name for God was Gi -tchie Man-i-to (the Great Mystery or the Great Spirit). They believed that all things in creation reflected some quality of the Creator. When addressing the spirit of an animal they understood that they were also addressing a quality of the Creator, that, in fact, they were addressing the Creator through the animal. Native Americans also addressed God as Grandfather (Mishomis) rather than Father. This was a sign of respect based on the understanding that we not only came from our father, but that he had a father. They understood that the Creator existed before the creation. Therefore He was the oldest, the Ancient One, and therefore was our Grandfather. These Sweat Lodge Ceremonies are offered in Rockford in order to help people learn more about what Native Americans believe. They are held in the Ojibway tradition with some variations based on the fact that they are done specifically for teaching purposes. Even among a nation or tribe, there are differences in the way that ceremonies are conducted. It is important that participants understand that the way they experience this Ceremony is not the only way or the right way to do it. In Ojibway tradition the door of the Lodge opens to the east. In the Lakota tradition it opens to the west. Native people do not argue about which way is right. If an Ojibway person does a Lakota-style Sweat Lodge there is no arguing about which one is right. It is recognized that it is just another way to experience the Sweat Lodge Ceremony; a way that respects the basic purpose, meaning, and spirit of the Ceremony just as the other ways do. Participate and enjoy the experience.

2 -2- What is a Sweat Lodge Ceremony? It is a ceremony that will purify both the body and the mind. A Grandfather This Sweat Lodge Ceremony (Ma-do-do-swun ) is conducted in the way of the Ojibway (A-nish-i-na -be) people. Other Native American nations and tribes were given teachings about how to conduct the Sweat Lodge Ceremony that are different than the Ojibway. Although they may differ slightly, they are essentially the same in their basic meanings and purpose. The purpose of the Ceremony is to purify the body and mind of each participant. The steam and heat help sweat out the toxins that have accumulated within the body from the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water and other things we drink. It also helps purify the mind by adjusting one s understandings and perspectives on life, others, ourselves, and the Creator. It is a healing Ceremony to the degree that participants are able to understand, accept, pray for, and let go of past traumas, anger, sadness, pain, injury, illness, and disease. It is a re-birth Ceremony in that the Sweat Lodge experience represents the creation of the universe. The elements of the earth (which the participants sit on), wind (the steam in the Lodge), fire (the heated rocks), and water (poured on the heated rocks) come together to create life as they did at the beginning of life on our Mother Earth. Thus the Lodge itself becomes the universe and participants return to the beginning of time. The Lodge also symbolizes the womb of the Mother Earth. The participants are in the womb and are born again as new people when they leave the Lodge. This is a spiritual rebirth, a time of renewal, a time to develop a renewed relationship with God, with God s creation, with others, and with oneself. Like the creation stories of all religions and traditional peoples of the earth, the experience of the Sweat Lodge Ceremony provides participants with a metaphorical understanding of the importance of the spiritual recreation of their own lives.

3 -3- Why Should I Participate in A Sweat Lodge Ceremony? People choose to participate in the Sweat Lodge Ceremony for the following reasons: To enhance their own spiritual beliefs and deepen their own religious convictions; To develop and maintain a heightened connection with the Creator; To develop a sense of the sacredness and preciousness of each moment in our lives; To create a conscious awareness of the relatedness of all things; To help understand our individual place in the universe; To create a supportive, connected community of travelers on the paths of God; To learn about Native American culture and ceremony; To preserve the Sweat Lodge Ceremony for future generations; To try something different for a change.

4 -4- What Do I Bring to the Ceremony? The Sweat lodge Ceremony is, for the participants, a time of taking a taking part for oneself. Therefore, there is an obligation to give something in return. It was always a part of the traditional Ceremony and still, today, is a part of the Ceremony to bring gifts a gift for the Leader (Na-gahn -way-wi-nini man who leads) and a gift for the Firekeeper (Ish-ko-day -i-nini). These gifts should be a reflection of the giver s respect for and value of what they are getting by participating in the Ceremony. Most important, the gifts are a reminder to the giver that they are taking something and have an obligation to give something in return. Hopefully this reminder, a way to help remember to remember, will carry over into one s daily life. Traditionally gifts were tobacco (Ah-say-ma ), sweet grass, sage, hides, food, items which the person made, something from nature which the person found or was given, etc. At times today people want to give money. Any gifts of money are donated to The Institute for the Oneness of Humanity. The Institute operates The House, a model neighborhood program on West State Street in Rockford. A gift very highly valued is wood for the fire. The fire for each Ceremony burns for 4 or 5 hours. A great deal of wood is burned. It is always welcomed. A gift is anything which serves as a reminder to the giver - I know you are giving your time for me, for my connection to the Creator, for my spiritual growth, for my healing. I appreciate that. A valuable part of the Ceremony is the feast that occurs after coming out of the Lodge. Each person should bring some food or drink to share with the other participants. What we bring is a reflection of our value and respect for each other. Eating together the food we brought to share, listening to each other, talking and sharing is critical to creating a sense of community. It is also critical to each person as an individual to have this time to debrief about their experience, to be heard, to listen, to be supportive, and to help settle slowly and gently back into the routine of one s life. Participants should also bring an attitude of respect for the Sweat Lodge Ceremony and a sense of curiosity and openness to learning a different way of thinking, seeing, knowing, and feeling.

5 -5- What Should I Wear? Wear clothing appropriate to the weather to help with the work of preparing the lodge for the Ceremony. There will be an opportunity to change into what you will wear into the Lodge before entering. For going inside the Lodge, men should wear shorts or a bathing suit. Women traditionally wore a skirt and top or a dress. Some women still wear this to show their respect for the Ceremony. Others, because this is a teaching Lodge, wear shorts and a tee shirt. These women usually bring a towel and wrap it around the lower half of their body as a symbolic skirt when they stand in the circle around the fire before going into the Lodge. Thus they show respect for the traditional ways of women. It is recommended that levi shorts not be worn. They get heavy and hot when wet. Jewelry should be taken off before going into the Lodge. Hair should be down and natural, rather than in braids, pony tails, or up in some way. Contact lenses should be out. Participants enter as natural as possible. This is the womb of the Mother Earth. Some people like to bring a towel or bandana to take into the Sweat Lodge. They use this to wipe the sweat off their face or to breathe through if it gets too hot. Others like to bring a towel to dry off with after they leave the Sweat Lodge.

6 -6- Are There Any Reasons Not to Participate in the Ceremony? People with heart trouble, serious diseases or illnesses should not go inside the Lodge. Anyone around the Lodge is considered as being a participant in the Ceremony. Some people choose to just be there to observe, to support, to pray their own prayers, and to pray for those who are in the Lodge. This is certainly an acceptable way to participate. Traditionally, women who were in their Moon Time (menstruating) did not participate in Ceremonies. This was not because women were thought to be unclean. In fact, women were thought to have great power at this time. Women are considered the creators of life. When a young girl had her first Moon Time it was celebrated with a Feast for the village. The girl had become a woman, a creator of life. Women at this time of the month are a reminder of the power of creating life and of the Creator. Women are considered to have such power during this time that their power would override or be greater than the power of the person running the Ceremony. So the women chose not to participate as a sign of respect for ceremony and the person running the Ceremony. Today I also ask women not to participate in the preparation work around the Lodge or not to enter the lodge as a sign of respect for the tradition, for the Ceremony, and for their own power as a woman. This also helps the other participants to remember and honor the power of women, which is something so often forgotten in our culture. Because it is also true that women are at times required, as part of a college course, to learn about the Sweat Lodge Ceremony, they have only this opportunity to do so. It is therefore permissible at these Teaching Sweats to be there to observe the Ceremony, but to do so from a little distance. They share in the teachings and attend the feast, but they do not participate in the preparation work or enter the Sweat Lodge. People should not participate in the Ceremony if they have used alcohol or illegal drugs within 48 hours of entering the Lodge.

7 -7- What is Done to Prepare For a Sweat Lodge Ceremony? The Sweat Lodge Ceremony does not begin when participants gather around the fire to enter the Lodge. It begins with preparations for the Ceremony. It ends with the cleanup after the feast. To participate in the Ceremony is to take time out of the obligations and responsibilities of one s daily life. It is shedding worries and forgetting about schedules. It is becoming part of a different community. It is sharing responsibilities with others while working to create a wholeness. It is functioning in altered time and entering sacred space. To rush in for a part of the Ceremony and then rush out means that we have just added one more thing into our daily schedule and it does little to refresh, inspire, or to transform the participant. In order to experience a Sweat Lodge Ceremony a great deal of work occurs first. Wood for the fire must be cut and hauled. Poles must be gathered for the frame of the Lodge. The Lodge frame must be built and maintained. Rocks (Mishomis) must be gathered. Cedar must be gathered. The Lodge must be covered with canvas and plastic. At times leaves must be raked and snow shoveled from around the Lodge. The fire must be built and the rocks put on it. When the area around the Lodge was not cleaned up after the last Ceremony, the fire pit must be cleaned out, the rocks must be cleaned out of the pit in the lodge, and the cedar must be raked up. Helping with this work is an important part of the total experience of the Ceremony. In this way each participant makes a contribution of energy to the effort to prepare for the Ceremony. In addition, coming early to help allows the participants to de-program from the stress and pressures of the world of their everyday lives. Participants can begin to relax and be in the moment. They will gradually shift into sacred time and space. This makes it more likely that the Ceremony will be experienced in a more spiritual, indeed, mystical way by the participants. The preparation work is, therefore, an important part of the Ceremony. When everyone contributes by doing a part of the work, it is a service to the whole to everyone who participates in the ceremony and this adds to everyone s overall experience of the Ceremony.

8 -8- What Happens After the Preparation? The fire is lit about two hours before participants gather to get ready to enter the Lodge. During this two-hour period cedar is picked off of branches for use in the Ceremony. Participants also make tobacco ties (also called prayer bundles or prayer ties) to use in the Ceremony. These ties are gifts to the Creator for listening to your prayers. Each tie represents a prayer or prayers. The ties are made with cloth, usually cotton and tied with cotton string. The cloth is usually different colors, each representing the color of the one of the seven directions. The colors of the directions for this Ceremony are as follows: The color of the east is red. The eastern direction represents creation, origins, beginnings, new ideas, infancy, and spring. The color of the south is yellow. The southern direction represents change, growth, childhood, adolescence, and summer. The color of the west is black. The western direction represents consolidation, practical application, adulthood, and autumn. The color of the north is white. The northern direction represents endings, wisdom, reflection, the elders, and winter. The color of the heavens is blue. The above direction represents the spiritual aspect of one s life; the spiritual qualities we struggle to learn and live. The color of the earth is green. The below direction represents the material aspects of our lives; that part of us we live as human animals. The color of the heart is purple. The inner direction represents the taking in, understanding, and living of the good life; the journey of our soul on the Red Road. The colors for the directions vary from tribe to tribe and from one Ceremonial Leader to another within a tribe. Tobacco is offered because everyone has an obligation to give whenever they ask something of another. These ties, representing one s prayers are tied to the branches of trees around the Lodge or taken in to the Lodge with the person. Sometimes they are tied to the framework of the Lodge and left there. Other times they are brought out and put in the fire as an offering. Sometimes people choose to take them home and tie them somewhere inside or outside their house. A part of the preparation includes time to relax and listen to the teachings about the Sweat Lodge Ceremony. The Leader of the Sweat Lodge will share what will happen during the Ceremony, remind participants how to handle the heat, and prepare them to participate fully in the experience. The story of how the Ojibway people came to be given the Sweat Lodge Ceremony will be told to help participants understand some of the purpose and symbolism of the Ceremony. People will also have some time to socialize with other participants and some time to spend alone, personally getting focused on being in the Lodge.

9 -9- What Happens Before We Enter the Sweat Lodge? When the rocks are heated and ready for the Ceremony participants gather in a semicircle around the fire. This fire is considered a sacred fire which represents the Creative Force of the Universe and no trash should be thrown into it. Next someone will smudge everyone to purify them before entering the Lodge. Smudging is usually done by fanning, with a feather, the smoke from burning sage or sweet grass around each person. It is a symbolic getting rid of the bad things and receiving the good. It is also a time when people become quiet and begin to focus on the activities at hand. Everyone will then be offered a gift of tobacco. This is held in the left hand. Participants will be asked to walk clock-wise around the Sweat Lodge. This is a reminder (going clock-wise in a circle) of the natural order of things in the universe; we are helped to remember that there is a right way to behave, to act. Participants will be asked to give a gift of some of their tobacco to be used in the Pipe. Then a part of the tobacco is placed in the fire as an offering. The remainder is placed on the Little Boy Rock as a thank you offering to the young boy who brought this Ceremony to the Ojibway people. Then the Leader will put people into the order in which they will go into the Lodge. The Leader, when filling the Pipe (O-pwa -gun) to prepare it for smoking inside the Lodge, will offer tobacco to the spirits of each of the seven directions and invite them to be present. This is a way of bringing the Universe into the Pipe bowl. It is also a way to reach the Creator since we don t know where, exactly, the Creator resides. By offering tobacco to the east (Wa-bun-noong ), the south (Zha-wa-noong ), the west Ning-ga-beuh-noong ), the north (Gi-way-din-noong ), the above or heavens (Ish-pi-ming ), the below or the earth (Aki), and to the inner direction or heart (O-day ) we can be assured that we have reached the Creator. The Pipe will be brought into the Lodge later for smoking. Women place Cedar on the hill around the fire and in the Lodge, and a trail of cedar is made between the fire and the door of the Lodge. After the trail is put down, no one can cross it except the Leader and the Firekeeper. All activity from then on is down clock-wise around the Lodge and the fire area. The circle represents the universe and the circle of life. Going clock-wise reminds the participants that there is a natural order to the universe and life on the earth and there is a right way to do things. Before entering the Leader will ask some of the participants to be the Keepers of the doorways and to speak on behalf of the directions. The participants will be placed into an order with the Leader entering the Lodge first and then the women, followed by the men. The last person to go in is the one who will sit across from the Leader and assist in the Ceremony.

10 -10- What Happens in the Sweat Lodge? When the Leader indicates it is time to enter, one at a time, all participants get on their hands and knees in the doorway of the Lodge (humbling themselves before the Creator) and say their first name (to identify themselves to the Creator). They may also say All My Relations (Nin-din -a-way mug- ah nug ) to indicate that they acknowledge that they are related to all things. Entering the Lodge, each participant crawls on hands and knees clock-wise around the circle to their place to sit. Participants who are already inside the Lodge greet each person as they enter and welcome them to the Lodge. After all participants are in their places, the Leader will request that the Firekeeper pass in various items for use in the Lodge. These may include shakers (She-she-gwan ), drum (Day-way -gun), cedar, incense, etc. The Pipe will be brought in and smoked (or touched) by each person. All items, as they are passed in, are handed from person to person, clock-wise around the circle. The Pipe is used for praying. The bowl represents the female, the stem the male. When they come together they represent creation, just as when a male and female come together. The Pipe is considered to be alive when assembled. The tobacco, when burned changes form, to a gray ash. This is a reminder to us that we too should change and be different when we live a spiritual life. At the end of our lives we should not be like we were when it began. As the participants watch the smoke from the Pipe rise it helps them remember that, just as the smoke always rises, our thoughts, prayers, and wishes rise also to the Creator. We can imagine our prayers being carried by the smoke to the heavens. After the Pipe is smoked seven rocks are brought into the Lodge on a pitch fork, one at a time, by the Firekeeper. They are taken off the pitch fork with deer antlers by the Leader. As they are brought in everyone greets them saying, Boo-zhoo Mishomis (Hello Grandfather). Each is put into the pit in a place representing one of the Seven Directions. The person sitting in the Western doorway places a small piece of cedar on each rock as an offering. After all the rocks are in the pit the Firekeeper will passes in a bucket of water. Then the covering is placed over the door of the Lodge. Once the door is closed the Leader pours water on the rocks. This creates steam and heat. It is dark. Participants should think of the steam as the breath of the Creator. They should consider themselves as being in the presence of God. When they lean up against the frame they should remember that they are in the womb of the Mother Earth and that they are leaning against her ribs.

11 -11- This first round or doorway is the time for the opening prayers and the inviting in of the Creator; the directions (bringing the universe into the Lodge or the Lodge becoming the universe of the participants for this time); the calling in of the spirits of the ancestors of the participants; and calling of the helping spirits. Songs (as prayers) are sung with sounds of the shakers and drums as reminders of the creation of life, of being born anew. The drum represents the universe, the earth, and the female. The drum beater represents the Spiritual energy of the Creator, the sun, and the male. The sound of the drum is a reminder that when these come together we have the creation of life. The drum sound is therefore the symbol of life, the heartbeat of the Mother Earth. The sound of the shaker also represents creation; the creation of the universe; the creation of life. It is said that when only the Uncreated One existed, before creation, that the first thing created was the thought of creation and the sound of the shaker reminds us of that sound. It also reminds us that we are the creator of our lives, therefore, we should think before we act. We have a responsibility to live our lives in a good way, a spiritual way. After this round the door is opened. Seven more rocks are brought in. The door is again covered. More water is poured on the rocks. Again prayers are said and songs sung. When it is time for the participants to pray, the drum is passed to the person who is assisting the Leader. The person hits the drum four time to announce that they are starting to pray. They say their prayer, a part of which may be silent. When they are done praying, the drum is once again hit four times and then passed clock-wise to the next person in the circle. When the round is complete the door is once again opened. Likewise during the third round participants pray for healing. During the fourth round thanks are given to the Creator and the spirits for listening to their prayers. After the fourth round the drums and shakers are passed out, clock-wise, around the circle and then the participants crawl out of the lodge. Almost all Sweat Lodge Ceremonies have four rounds or doorways. Each of the rounds is for one of the four directions. At times, however, the number of rounds may vary. This would usually be when the Sweat Lodge was being used for a different purpose than the traditional Ceremony. For example, a hunter may want to eliminate the human smell from his body and do one long round in the Lodge. It is most likely that any ceremony that you might participate in will consist of four rounds. That is the traditional way of the Sweat Lodge Ceremony.

12 -12- What Do I Do If I Get Too Hot? The Sweat Lodge is not meant to be a comfortable experience. In fact, it is said that one thing we can give the Creator for listening to our prayers is our comfort and our sweat. The Sweat Lodge can get very hot. Fortunately, there are several things participants can do when it feels too hot to them. The first thing to is to remember to stay focused. When we are tense we breath in a shallow way, take in less oxygen, and our muscles tighten up restricting the flow of blood through our body. The more anxious we get about the heat the hotter we feel. When we stay focused, we relax. When we breath deeply our muscles relax and we have good blood flow. Our bodies cool down. Staying focused on what is happening in the Lodge and consciously relaxing our bodies and breathing deeply will help us feel cooler. A second thing which can be done is to hold the cedar (which you are given when you first come into the Lodge) and breath though it. It cools down the air. Breathing through a towel or bandana can also help. Another way to keep cool is to lie down on the floor of the Lodge. It is always cooler on the floor. It is said that your mother will always protect you, in this case, the Mother Earth. Remember that you are in the womb of the Mother Earth. Leaving the womb early means a premature birth. You should try to stay in the Lodge through the entire ceremony. If, however, it does become too hot for you and you can t seem to get anything to help, you may leave the Lodge when the door is opened at end of a round. Leaving must be done very carefully. There are hot rocks in the pit in the center of the Lodge. To protect you so that you do not accidentally put a hand or knee in the pit while crawling out, the Leader will ask everyone to move toward the pit so that you can crawl, clock-wise around the Lodge, behind the other participants, to the doorway. The Firekeeper will then assist you out of the Lodge. You should remain outside the Sweat Lodge with the Firekeeper until the rest of the participants come out.

13 -13- What Happens After People Come Out of the Lodge? After leaving the Lodge participants get their clothes and go change. Then everyone gathers for the feast part of the Ceremony. A Spirit plate is made with small amounts of each of the foods placed on it. It is taken outside and placed on the ground. A prayer is said offering thanks for the food and everyone eats. When people are done eating they begin to return to the real world, to their daily lives. It is not uncommon for participants to have had very unique, personal experiences while in the Sweat Lodge. These can involve visions, hearing things, etc. People sometimes talk about these things. Other times they choose not to. Participants may also have very powerful, insightful dreams the evening of the Ceremony. In other cases participants are just different after the Sweat Lodge experience. They think differently, believe differently, or feel differently. Often pressures, stresses, and worries lessen or disappear. Pains hurt less. No one can say how you will be affected by your participation. Only you will know what changed in you. All that can be said is that something, small or big, will be different within you. You will be different after you experience the Sweat Lodge Ceremony.

14 Directions The Sweat Lodge Ceremony will be held at the home of Dick Rundall, 413 Stiles Parkway. This is located in the Park-er-Woods subdivision in Southwest Rockford. This is between By-pass 20 and West State Street, just to the east of Meridan Road. From the From U.S. 20 By-pass take the Meridan Road exit north. Take the first right off of Meridan Road onto Claremont. Go one block past the stop sign on Claremont and turn left (north) onto Stiles Parkway. The first house on the left is 413. If coming on West State Street continue to Meridan and turn left. Go south until Claremont (across from the entrance to Roy Gale Park). Follow the same directions as above. If you have any questions, call Dick Rundall,

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