CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
|
|
- Delphia Williamson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CHRONIC INFLAMMATION Chronic inflammation is an inflammatory response of prolonged duration often for months, years or even indefinitely. Its prolonged course is proved by persistence of the causative agent in the tissues. Often the persistent inflammatory changes are combined with attempts at healing. Factors influencing the chronic inflammatory response: 1. The nature of the damaging agent. 2. The resistance of the host. The balance between these two factors determines the course of the response and its final outcome. Nature of the Damaging Agent 1. Non-living agents Exogenous: Physical eg X-rays Chemical a) liquids eg liquid phenol b) solids eg particulate silica c) gases eg cadmium fumes Endogenous: Keratin Hair 2. Living agents (micro-organisms) Bacteria eg Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium leprae Spirochaete eg Treponema pallidum Fungi eg Actinomycosis bovis Cryptococcus neoformans. 3. Cause Unknown Micro-organisms which produce chronic inflammation differ from those which cause acute inflammation in the following ways. 1. They are not successfully phagocytosed by polymorphs. 2. They can survive and multiply in the cytoplasm of macrophages. 3. They do not produce toxins. The Resistance or Immunity of the Host: The resistance or immunity of the host is the ability to withstand the disease producing properties of the chronic inflammatory agent. The immunological mechanisms involved are similar overall to those utilised in acute inflammation but
2 cellular immunity plays a more prominent role in chronic inflammation and the role of humoral antibodies is less important. Delayed hypersensitivity mediated by specifically primed T-lymphocytes produced in the cell mediated immune response plays a major and fundamental role in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Other host factors influencing healing or progression are impaired nutrition and blood supply and endocrine factors. Histological features of chronic inflammatory response: 1. Cells involved in the chronic inflammatory response: Macrophage, which can become epithelioid cells and giant cells Lymphocyte and Plasma cell. 2. General Features a) Necrosis Necrosis is due to cell death in the centre of the lesion caused by the action of micro-organisms, endarteritis and in some cases delayed hypersensitivity. b) Attempts at healing These consist of proliferation of endothelial cell to form blood and lymphatic channels, proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen formation and accumulation of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Granulation formation: A granuloma is a microscopic, focal, chronic inflammatory lesion composed of macrophages, sometimes with other cells as well, such as giant cells. Examples of Granulomatous Inflammation: Tuberculosis Leprosy Sarcoidosis Granulomatous Inflammation: 1) Is seldom entirely specific histologically 2) Is often associated with hypersensitivity Chronic Inflammation of Unknown Cause: eg Crohn s disease Rheumatoid arthritis Sarcoidosis All are chronic diseases persisting for many years and the histological features seen conform with the general histological features of chronic inflammation. Effects of final Healing after Chronic Inflammation:
3 1. Replacement of functioning tissue by fibrous tissue eg lung in silicosis. 2. Adhesions in serosal cavities eg constrictive pericarditis 3. Stricture formation eg in Crohn s disease. Examples of chronic inflammation Tuberculosis } Syphilis } Ruptured epidermoid cyst } Living agents Non-living agent Sarcoidosis } Unknown cause Rheumatoid arthritis } TUBERCULOSIS Caused by bacterium - tubercle bacillus. Usually hominis strain. May also be caused by bovis and various atypical mycobacteria. Stages 1 First infection - transient acute inflammatory reaction. 2 Early tubercle granuloma in lung - giant cells, epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, peripheral fibroblasts. 3. Ghon focus - formation of several granulomas. 4. Ghon complex - subpleural focus in lung and development of granulomas in regional lymph nodes. 5. Development of delayed hypersensitivity leads to one of three courses: i) healing by fibrosis ii) progression of chronic form, or iii) disseminated tuberculous granulomas throughout body (miliary spread) 6 Chronic tuberculosis can lead to either: i) healing leaving scar, ii) progression Progression may lead to:- bronchial erosion cavitation bronchopneumonia miliary spread
4 SYPHILIS Caused by spirochaete Treponema pallidum Primary syphilis 1. Initial infection and multiplication at site of entry 2. Spirochaetes enter regional lymph nodes 3. Spirochaetes enter many tissues, multiply, disseminate and sensitise tissues. 4. Primary sore or chancre forms at site of entry within 2-4 weeks of initial infection. Secondary syphilis 1. Low grade pyrexia 2. Lymphadenopathy 3. Skin rashes 4. Snail track ulcers Tertiary syphilis 1. Gummata - localised lesions most common in: hard palate liver testis 2. Diffuse lesions occur in:- a) cardiovascular system b) nervous system c) skeletal system RUPTURED EPIDERMOID CYST Cyst filled with keratin squames Inflammatory reaction in response to keratin if it ruptures, features:- giant cells macrophages plasma cells lymphocytes SARCOIDOSIS Chronic granulomatous systemic disease process of unknown aetiology. Lesions are similar to those of tuberculosis.
5 Histological Immunological Sarcoidosis no bacilli present no caseation giant cells may contain Schaumann bodies Mantoux negative Kveim test positive Tuberculosis bacilli present caseation giant cells do not contain Schaumann bodies Mantoux positive Kveim test negative RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic progressive inflammatory arthritis of unknown origin involving multiple joints and characterised by a tendency to spontaneous remissions and subsequent relapses. The Rheumatoid lesion consists of: 1 Lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration 2 Vasculitis 3 Rheumatoid nodules A rheumatoid nodule is composed of necrotic tissue and fibrin surrounded by a band of epithelioid cells and histiocytes and an outer zone of granulation tissue. It can be anything up to several cms in diameter. Pannus, which is really an overgrowth of granulation tissue, forms within the joints in rheumatoid arthritis and the underlying cartilage is destroyed, probably due to the destructive effects of lysosomal enzymes from polymorphs. Healing HEALING The replacement of lost and dead tissue by living tissue. PROCESSES IN HEALING (1) Resolution (2) Regeneration (3) Repair (1) Resolution
6 The scavenging of dead tissue and foreign material by macrophages. This is a preliminary to regeneration and repair. (2) Regeneration The replacement of lost and dead tissue by tissue similar in type. Regeneration only occurs when surviving cells of a tissue are capable of cell division. Examples of tissues capable of regeneration i) epithelial surfaces eg epidermis of skin ii) blood capillaries iii) some supporting tissue eg bone 3) Repair The replacement of lost and dead tissue by tissue of a different type, usually fibrous tissue. Healing by repair is inevitable in some tissues when cells are lost, eg muscle and nerve cells, which cannot regenerate. Healing by repair After damage to a tissue there is an acute inflammatory reaction in surrounding liver tissues, with formation of a blood clot if vessels have been damaged. Healing by repair occurs as follows. i) Macrophages in the inflammatory exudate scavenge fibrin, dead cells and other material. ii) Newly-formed capillaries grow into the area, accompanied by fibroblasts. iii) Fibroblasts do two things: they contract, which can reduce the extent of the damaged area, and they lay down collagen fibres. iv) Finally most capillaries and cells disappear leaving a mass of collagen ie fibrous tissue, or scar. Granulation tissue is the mixture of newly-formed capillaries, fibroblasts, macrophages and other inflammatory cells, which grows into an area of acute inflammatory exudate. Organisation is the resolution and repair of dead tissue or a thrombus. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF HEALING Tissue Method of Healing 1) Heart muscle Repair 2) Bone Regeneration, sometimes repair 3) Skin Regeneration of epidermis and repair of dermis
Chronic inflammation. 07-Dec-15. Macrophage Tissue destruction
Chronic inflammation DR. M. TARIQ JAVED PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY FACULTY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD. Other types of cells present B & T lymphocytes (antibody and
More informationPathology of pulmonary tuberculosis. Dr: Salah Ahmed
Pathology of pulmonary tuberculosis Dr: Salah Ahmed Is a chronic granulomatous disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (hominis) Usually it involves lungs but may affect any organ or tissue Transmission:
More informationPathology lab 4 DONE BY : MORAD ABU QAMAR
Pathology lab 4 DONE BY : MORAD ABU QAMAR Chronic interstitial inflammation, lung Certain etiologic agents such as viruses are more likely to lead to chronic inflammation, as seen here in the lung of a
More informationTuberculosis. By: Shefaa Q aqa
Tuberculosis By: Shefaa Q aqa Tuberculosis is a communicable chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually involves the lungs but may affect any organ or tissue in the
More informationHistopathology: granulomatous inflammation, including tuberculosis
Histopathology: granulomatous inflammation, including tuberculosis These presentations are to help you identify basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual information
More informationLymphoid System: cells of the immune system. Answer Sheet
Lymphoid System: cells of the immune system Answer Sheet Q1 Which areas of the lymph node have most CD3 staining? A1 Most CD3 staining is present in the paracortex (T cell areas). This is towards the outside
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Mousa Al-Abbadi
number 11 Done by Husam Abu-Awad Corrected by Muhammad Tarabieh Doctor Mousa Al-Abbadi The possible outcomes of an acute inflammation are the following: 1- A complete resolution in which the tissue returns
More informationRespiratory System الفريق الطبي االكاديمي
Respiratory System الفريق الطبي االكاديمي Pathology sheet 5 Tuberculosis Done by: Ahmad Al-Sahele Introduction: as we know TB is caused by mycobacterium tubercolosis; now keep in your mind another microorganism
More informationHistopathology: healing
Histopathology: healing These presentations are to help you identify, and to test yourself on identifying, basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual information that
More informationChapter 4 Inflammation and Infection
Chapter 4 Inflammation and Infection Defense Mechanisms Three lines of defense protect the body against foreign invasion: Physical or surface barriers Inflammation Immune response Inflammation Non-specific
More informationACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
ACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY The recognition of specific antigen by naïve T cell induces its own activation and effector phases. T helper cells recognize peptide antigens through
More informationCLINICAL FEATURES IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
CLINICAL FEATURES IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS Dr. Amitesh Aggarwal Department of Medicine Tuberculosis Captain of all the Men of Death Great White Plague devastating effect on society 100 years ago one in
More informationThis is the second learning component (Learning Component 2) in our first learning module (Learning Module 1). In this component we review a very
This is the second learning component (Learning Component 2) in our first learning module (Learning Module 1). In this component we review a very basic response to injury inflammation. We ll look at examples
More informationInflammation. Part II
Inflammation Part II Inflammatory phases: Alteration damage (dystrophy and necrosis) Exudation the reaction of microcirculation, formation of liquid exudate, migration of leukocytes and phagocytosis Proliferation
More informationIMMUNE EFFECTOR MECHANISMS. Cell-Mediated Reactions
IMMUNE EFFECTOR MECHANISMS Cell-Mediated Reactions T-Cell Cytoxicity Definition - cytotoxicity involving direct contact between CTLs and target cells, resulting in target cell lysis or apoptosis Mechanisms
More informationCHAPTER 3: DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER 3: DEFINITION OF TERMS NOTE: TB bacteria is used in place of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in most of the definitions presented here. 3.1 Acid-fast bacteria
More informationPatology. Inflammation (1) inflammations. Inflammations, regeneration, repair, and scarring. lecture 2
Patology Inflammations, regeneration, repair, and scarring lecture 2 prof dr hab. n. med. Andrzej Marszałek Inflammation (1) inflammations is a complex reaction to injurious agents such as microbes, chemical
More informationAcute and Chronic Inflammation Pathology 1 - Dr. Gary Mumaugh
Acute and Chronic Inflammation Pathology 1 - Dr. Gary Mumaugh Introduction Injurious stimuli cause a protective vascular connective tissue reaction called inflammation Acute and chronic forms o Inflame
More informationCELL AND TISSUE INJURY COURSE-II PATHOLOGY LABORATORY
CELL AND TISSUE INJURY COURSE-II PATHOLOGY LABORATORY PATHOLOGY of INFECTIOUS DISEASES MICROSCOPY Rengin Ahıskalı Macroscopy samples are shown in the macroscopy presentations of the first two courses.
More informationEtiology. Extreme temperature, electric shock, ionization, physical injury, etc. Metabolic substances, acids, alkalis drugs, tissue necrosis
INFLAMMATION Inflammation Protective response that is intended to eliminate the initial cause of injury Innate and acquired mechanisms Local or generalized (sepsis) processes Terminology: ~ itis ending
More informationSESSION 1: GENERAL (BASIC) PATHOLOGY CONCEPTS Thursday, October 16, :30am - 11:30am FACULTY COPY
SESSION 1: GENERAL (BASIC) PATHOLOGY CONCEPTS Thursday, October 16, 2008 9:30am - 11:30am FACULTY COPY GOAL: Describe the basic morphologic (structural) changes which occur in various pathologic conditions.
More informationHow to Analyse Difficult Chest CT
How to Analyse Difficult Chest CT Complex diseases are:- - Large lesion - Unusual or atypical pattern - Multiple discordant findings Diffuse diseases are:- - Numerous findings in both sides 3 basic steps
More informationCharacteristics of Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium Characteristics of Mycobacterium Very thin, rod shape. Culture: Aerobic, need high levels of oxygen to grow. Very slow in grow compared to other bacteria (colonies may be visible in up to
More informationMycobacterium tuberculosis. Lecture (14) Dr.Baha, AL-Amiedi Ph. D.Microbiology
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lecture (14) Dr.Baha, AL-Amiedi Ph. D.Microbiology Robert Koch 1843-1910 German physician Became famous for isolating the anthrax bacillus (1877), tuberculosis bacillus (1882)
More informationCurrently, there are about 15 million TB patients including 11 million of working age.
Currently, there are about 15 million TB patients including 11 million of working age. The vast majority of infected people (90%) the disease does not progress. Predicted by WHO in the next twenty years
More informationDefense mechanism against pathogens
Defense mechanism against pathogens Immune System What is immune system? Cells and organs within an animal s body that contribute to immune defenses against pathogens ( ) Bacteria -Major entry points ;open
More informationASSESSING KPs ARLT S TRIANGLE
Understanding Granulomatous Disease in Optometric Practice Thomas F. Freddo, O.D., Ph.D., F.A.A.O. Adjunct Professor of Optometry MCP Health Sciences University ASSESSING KPs ARLT S TRIANGLE 1 Types of
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor موسى العبادي
number 12 Done by Corrected by Doctor موسى العبادي Morphology of Granulomatous Inflammations The first image (left) shows a lung alveolus in which necrosis is taking place. The image below it shows the
More informationAn Introduction to Radiology for TB Nurses
An Introduction to Radiology for TB Nurses Garold O. Minns, MD September 14, 2017 TB Nurse Case Management September 12 14, 2017 EXCELLENCE EXPERTISE INNOVATION Garold O. Minns, MD has the following disclosures
More informationCells and Tissues 3PART D. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College
PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Cells and Tissues 3PART D Connective Tissue Found everywhere in the body Includes the most abundant
More informationDiagnosis of TB: Radiology David Finlay, MD
TB Intensive Tyler, Texas June 2-4, 2010 Diagnosis of TB: Radiology David Finlay, MD June 3, 2010 2stages stages- Tuberculosis 1. primary infection 2. reactivation, or post primary disease 2 1 Primary
More informationHistopathology: chronic inflammation
Histopathology: chronic inflammation These presentations are to help you identify, and to test yourself on identifying, basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual information
More informationInflammation. First Lab.
Inflammation First Lab. The cardinal signs of inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain), and loss of function. Seen here is skin with erythema, compared to the more
More informationA/24. Chronic inflammation. A/25. Granulomatous inflammation A/15. Tissue repair and wound healing
A/22. Characteristics of acute inflammation (cellular events, chemical mediators, systemic effects) A/23. Morphologic patterns of acute inflammation according to the exudate A/24. Chronic inflammation.
More informationCase Presentation VASCULITIS. Case Presentation. Case Presentation. Vasculitis
Case Presentation VASCULITIS The patient is a 24 year old woman who presented to the emergency room with left-sided weakness. She was confused and complained of a severe headache. She was noted to have
More informationTuberculosis and Johne s Disease
Tuberculosis and Johne s Disease Prof. R. S. Chauhan Joint Director, Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar 243 122 (India) TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial disease of animals caused
More informationLeprosy. Dr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Anatomical Pathology Discipline
Leprosy Dr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Anatomical Pathology Discipline University of Papua New Guinea Division of Pathology School of Medicine & Health Sciences Leprosy - Overview Slow progressive infection
More informationCONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF FILARIASIS
CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF FILARIASIS PHILIP H. HARTZ Public Health Service, Curacao, N.W.I. The histologic changes caused by filariasis (Wucheria Bancrofti) are considered to be non-specific
More informationUnit VIII Problem 6 Pathology: Meningitis
Unit VIII Problem 6 Pathology: Meningitis - Important terms: Meningitis: it is inflammation of meninges (coverings of the central nervous system) caused by infection. They are classified to: Pachymeningitis:
More informationVASCULITIS. Case Presentation. Case Presentation
VASCULITIS Case Presentation The patient is a 24 year old woman who presented to the emergency room with left-sided weakness. She was confused and complained of a severe headache. She was noted to have
More informationEpithelial Tissue lining, covering, glandular tissue > Function protect, absorption, filtration, secretion, excretion
Chapter 4: TISSUES IX. Tissues Intro Epithelial Tissue lining, covering, glandular tissue > Function protect, absorption, filtration, secretion, excretion Connective Tissue most widespread tissue type
More informationInflammation Laboratory 3 Emphasis: Chronic inflammation and healing. Shannon Martinson: VPM 152: April 2013
Inflammation Laboratory 3 Emphasis: Chronic inflammation and healing Shannon Martinson: http://people.upei.ca/smartinson VPM 152: April 2013 Example A Reproductive tract and colon/rectum from a sheep Previous
More informationTuberculosis: The Essentials
Tuberculosis: The Essentials Kendra L. Fisher, MD, PhD THORACIC TUBERCULOSIS: THE BARE ESSENTIALS Kendra Fisher MD, FRCP (C) Department of Radiology Loma Linda University Medical Center TUBERCULOSIS ()
More informationTuberculosis Chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis D A P UNIBA
Chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Trasmission Airborne Airways- Lympha6c Inges6on (M. Bovis) Mycobacteria : aerobic bacteria forming single or branched chains Cell wall: mycolic
More informationObservations on the Pathology of Lesions Associated with Stephanofilaria dinniki Round, 1964 from the Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)
Journal of Helminthology, ~ol. XXXVIII, Nos. 1/2, 1964, pp. 171-174. Observations on the Pathology of Lesions Associated with Stephanofilaria dinniki Round, 1964 from the Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)
More informationClinicopathologic Self-Assessment
Clinicopathologic Self-Assessment Handout Symposium (S003), July 27 th 2017 Maija Kiuru MD PhD Assistant Professor, Departments of Dermatology & Pathology University of California Davis CASE 1: History
More informationHistopathology: pulmonary pathology
Histopathology: pulmonary pathology These presentations are to help you identify basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual information that you need to learn about these
More informationRespiratory Pathology. Kristine Krafts, M.D.
Respiratory Pathology Kristine Krafts, M.D. Normal lung: alveolar spaces Respiratory Pathology Outline Acute respiratory distress syndrome Obstructive lung diseases Restrictive lung diseases Vascular
More informationCommunicable Disease Control Manual Chapter 4: Tuberculosis
Provincial TB Services 655 West 12th Avenue Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4 www.bccdc.ca Communicable Disease Control Manual Definitions Page 1 2.0 DEFINITIONS Many of the definitions that follow are taken from
More information1) Mononuclear phagocytes : 2) Regarding acute inflammation : 3) The epithelioid cells of follicular granulomas are :
Pathology Second 1) Mononuclear phagocytes : - Are the predominant cells in three day old wounds - Are common in liver, spleen and pancreasd - Produce fibroblast growth factor - Secrete interferon-g -
More informationInnate vs Adaptive Response
General Immunology Innate vs Adaptive Response Innate- non-specific (4 types of barriers) anatomic- ato mechanical ca (skin), ph, mucous, normal flora Physiologic- temperature, ph, chemicals (lysozyme,
More informationSpectrum of granulomatous lesions in a tertiary care hospital
Original Research Article DOI: 10.5958/2394-6792.2016.00113.7 Spectrum of lesions in a tertiary care hospital R. Vimal Chander 1,*, P. Jayaganesh 2, Tejaswini Punuru Reddy 3, Chitra Srinivasan 4 1 Assistant
More informationLecture 9 - Wound Healing
Lecture 9 - Wound Healing A wound is any disruption to tissue caused by injury The injury is usually traumatic, i.e. physical, mechanical damage to tissue: Wound healing is a special case of acute inflammation
More informationPharmaceutical pathology
Pharmaceutical pathology Livia Vida 2018 1. Necrosis, types, examples. Apoptosis. 2. Adaptations I. Degeneration, atrophy. 3. Adaptations II. Hypertrophy, hyperplasia. 4. Pigments. Calcification. 5. Inflammation
More informationA 40-year old male with follicular papule and pustule at central face area for 3 months
A 40-year old male with follicular papule and pustule at central face area for 3 months GMS- Neg AFB-Neg Fite stain - neg HISTOPATHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS CASEOUS GRANULOMA INFECTION -MYCOBACTERIUM
More informationInflammatory pulp conditions DR.AHMED IBRAHIM AL-JOBORY B.D.S. M.SC. CONSERVATIVE DEPARTMENT/ BAGHDAD UNIVERSITY
Inflammatory pulp conditions DR.AHMED IBRAHIM AL-JOBORY B.D.S. M.SC. CONSERVATIVE DEPARTMENT/ BAGHDAD UNIVERSITY Inflammation is the single most important disease process affecting the dental pulp. Pulpitis
More informationINFLAMMATION. 5. Which are the main phases of inflammation in their "sequence": 1. Initiation, promotion, progression.
INFLAMMATION 1. What is inflammation: 1. Selective anti-infective pathological reaction. 2. Pathological process, typical for vascularized tissues. 3. Self-sustained pathological condition. 4. Disease
More informationTuberculosis Pathogenesis
Tuberculosis Pathogenesis Renuka Khurana, MD, MPH May 12, 2015 TB for Community Providers May 12, 2015 Phoenix, Arizona EXCELLENCE EXPERTISE INNOVATION Renuka Khurana, MD, MPH has the following disclosures
More informationImmune Surveillance. Immune Surveillance. Immune Surveillance. Neutrophil granulocytes Macrophages. M-cells
he immune system is everywhere Some organs have developed strategies towards the immune system to keep it out or to put it under control Immune privileged organs: Brain Eye estis hyroid gland Humoral immunity
More informationTuberculosis Intensive
Tuberculosis Intensive San Antonio, Texas April 3 6, 2012 Tuberculosis Pathogenesis Lynn Horvath, MD April 3, 2012 Lynn Horvath, MD has the following disclosures to make: No conflict of interests No relevant
More informationDisease causing organisms Resistance Immunity
Part 1 Disease causing organisms Resistance Immunity Bacteria Most common pathogens Anthrax Cholera Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria Bacterial diseases Tuberculosis Cholera Bubonic Plague Tetanus Effects
More informationCLINICAL EXPERIMENT ON LUPUS VULGARIS AND LUPUS MILIARIS
CLINICAL EXPERIMENT ON LUPUS VULGARIS AND LUPUS MILIARIS DISSEMINATUS FACIEI WITH SINGLE ADMINISTRATION OF CORTICOIDS* Antituberculous treatment combined with corticoids has been much studied in the field
More informationChapter 1: Cells and Tissues
Chapter 1: Cells and Tissues Cells and Tissues Carry out all chemical activities needed to sustain life Cells are the building blocks of all living things Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in
More informationTuberculosis - clinical forms. Dr. A.Torossian,, M.D., Ph. D. Department of Respiratory Diseases
Tuberculosis - clinical forms Dr. A.Torossian,, M.D., Ph. D. Department of Respiratory Diseases 1 TB DISEASE Primary Post-primary (Secondary) Common primary forms Primary complex Tuberculosis of the intrathoracic
More informationMODULE ONE" TB Basic Science" Treatment Action Group TB/HIV Advocacy Toolkit
MODULE ONE" TB Basic Science" Treatment Action Group TB/HIV Advocacy Toolkit Topics to be covered What is Tuberculosis? TB bacteria and what is unique about it. How is TB different from HIV? How is TB
More informationOverview of the Lymphoid System
Overview of the Lymphoid System The Lymphoid System Protects us against disease Lymphoid system cells respond to Environmental pathogens Toxins Abnormal body cells, such as cancers Overview of the Lymphoid
More informationMIcro451 Immunology. Prof. Nagwa Mohamed Aref (Molecular Virologist & Immunology)
Host Defenses Overview and Nonspecific Defenses I-C MIcro451 Immunology Prof. Nagwa Mohamed Aref (Molecular Virologist & Immunology) Inflammation Phagocytosis Interferon Complement 14.2 The Second Line
More informationThis section covers the basic knowledge of normal skin structure and function required to help understand how skin diseases occur.
Background Knowledge Functions of normal skin Background Knowledge This section covers the basic knowledge of normal skin structure and function required to help understand how skin diseases occur. Learning
More informationTB Radiology for Nurses Garold O. Minns, MD
TB Nurse Case Management Salina, Kansas March 31-April 1, 2010 TB Radiology for Nurses Garold O. Minns, MD April 1, 2010 TB Radiology for Nurses Highway Patrol Training Center Salina, KS April 1, 2010
More informationMycobacteria & Tuberculosis PROF.HANAN HABIB & PROF ALI SOMILY DEPRTMENT OF PATHOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY UNIT COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
Mycobacteria & Tuberculosis PROF.HANAN HABIB & PROF ALI SOMILY DEPRTMENT OF PATHOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY UNIT COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Objectives l Recognize that tuberculosis as a chronic disease mainly affecting
More informationAn unusual presentation of lupus vulgaris in pediatric patient: A clinico- histopathological diagnosis
Patel K, Kumar VH, Gandhi D, Aswani H, Savjiani N, Kumar D. An unusual presentation of lupus vulgaris in pediatric Case Report An unusual presentation of lupus vulgaris in pediatric patient: A clinico-
More informationTissues. groups of cells similar in structure and function 4 types. epithelium connective muscle nervous
Tissues groups of cells similar in structure and function 4 types epithelium connective muscle nervous Epithelial Tissue lining covering glandular Functions protection absorption filtration secretion Epithelium
More informationVasculitis local: systemic
Vasculitis Inflammation of the vessel wall. Signs and symptoms: 1- local: according to the involved tissue 2- systemic:(fever, myalgia, arthralgias, and malaise) Pathogenesis 1- immune-mediated 2- infectious
More informationMYCOBACTERIUM. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb) nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) Mycobacterium lepray
MYCOBACTERIUM nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb) Mycobacterium lepray 1-tubercle bacilli are thin 2- straight rods 3- obligate aerobes 4- derive energy from the oxidation
More informationIntroduction to Immunopathology
MICR2209 Introduction to Immunopathology Dr Allison Imrie 1 Allergy and Hypersensitivity Adaptive immune responses can sometimes be elicited by antigens not associated with infectious agents, and this
More informationTuberculosis Part 1. Some useful truths
Tuberculosis Part 1 Some useful truths Tuberculosis will be dealt with in detail in chapter 9 in a few week s time when we deal with the air borne bacterial diseases and the diseases of the lower respiratory
More informationBronkhorst colloquium Interstitiële longziekten. Katrien Grünberg, klinisch patholoog
Bronkhorst colloquium 2013-2014 Interstitiële longziekten De pathologie achter de CT Katrien Grünberg, klinisch patholoog K.grunberg@vumc.nl Preparing: introduction and 3 cases The introduction on microscopic
More informationStudy of different tissues Abnormal cells and tissues can be compared to normal tissues to identify disease, such as cancer Being able to know and
CHAPTER 4 Study of different tissues Abnormal cells and tissues can be compared to normal tissues to identify disease, such as cancer Being able to know and recognize normal tissues under the microscope
More informationWANTED Manuscript supporting the prevailing paradigm of tuberculosis by any author DEAD or ALIVE $1,000 REWARD. 3 TB India HSCP
A New Paradigm for the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Bronchogenic tuberculosis The missing link between primary and post-primary disease Robert Hunter MD, PhD Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory
More informationVascular Related Torsion Venous compression Hemorrhagic infarct Young men At night Very painful Can be reduced Scrotal Masses Testicular Tumors (solid
Pathology of the Male Reproductive System Testis and Epididymis Failure of Testis to Descend Testis are not always in scrotum at birth. Testes from in abdomen with kidneys Migrate to scrotum May get stuck
More informationTissue renewal and Repair. Nisamanee Charoenchon, PhD Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science
Tissue renewal and Repair Nisamanee Charoenchon, PhD Email: nisamanee.cha@mahidol.ac.th Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science Topic Objectives 1. Describe processes of tissue repair, regeneration
More informationWe will dose your Gentamycin. We will dose your Vancomycin
We will dose your Gentamycin We will dose your Vancomycin We will dose your Heparin We will dose your Warfarin We will do your wound care Animal models show that wounds, including chronic wounds, heal
More informationMYCOBACTERIA. Pulmonary T.B. (infect bird)
MYCOBACTERIA SPP. Reservoir Clinical Manifestation Mycobacterium tuberculosis Human Pulmonary and dissem. T.B. M. lepra Human Leprosy M. bovis Human & cattle T.B. like infection M. avium Soil, water, birds,
More informationInflammation. Part 1. Dr François Leclair Pr Christian Laboisse Pathology Department Nantes University Hospital JPEMS 2014
Inflammation Part 1 Dr François Leclair Pr Christian Laboisse Pathology Department Nantes University Hospital JPEMS 2014 Introduction Two important points : Two important points : 1 - Inflammation is a
More informationWound Care in the Community. Lisa Sutherland MSc Tissue Viability Senior Lead Ipswich Hospital & Community NHS Trusts
Wound Care in the Community Lisa Sutherland MSc Tissue Viability Senior Lead Ipswich Hospital & Community NHS Trusts What are the key elements? What is the patient s goal or aim for the wound? What are
More informationAvian Pathology. Bacterial diseases: histo slides. ECVP-ESVP Summer School 2012 Frédérique NGUYEN
Avian Pathology Bacterial diseases: histo slides ECVP-ESVP Summer School 2012 Frédérique NGUYEN Bacterial diseases: histo slides B1. Turkey. Organs? Morphologic diagnosis? Special procedure? B2. Hen. Organ?
More informationHistology of Crohn's syndrome
Gut, 1964, 5, 510 Histology of Crohn's syndrome From the Institute of Pathology, W. JONES WILLIAMS Welsh National School of Medicine, Cardiff EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Three types of inflammatory reactions are
More informationCUTANEOUS SARCOIDOSIS AS AN EXPRESSION OF SYPHILIS*
UTANEOUS SAROIDOSIS AS AN EXPRESSION OF SYPILIS* REPORT AND DISUSSION OF A ASE EUGENE TRAUGOTT BERNSTEIN, M.D. AND MORRIS LEIDER, M.D. The following case is reported as an instance of an eruption which
More informationBody Tissues. Cells are specialized for particular functions Tissues - groups of cells with similar structure. and function Four primary tissue types:
Chapter 3 Tissues Body Tissues Cells are specialized for particular functions Tissues - groups of cells with similar structure and function Four primary tissue types: Epithelium Connective tissue Nervous
More informationCell Mediated Immunity CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY. Basic Elements of Cell Mediated Immunity (CMI) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Chapter 16 CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY Cell Mediated Immunity Also known as Cellular Immunity or CMI The effector phase T cells Specificity for immune recognition reactions TH provide cytokines CTLs do the
More informationالعصوي الوعاي ي الورام = angiomatosis Bacillary
1 / 7 BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS Epidemiology BA is most commonly seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a CD4 count less than 50 cells/mm 3, with an incidence of 1.2 cases per
More informationSinusoids and venous sinuses
LYMPHOID SYSTEM General aspects Consists of organs that are made of lymphoid tissue; Immune defense Breakdown of red blood cells. 1 Sinusoids In place of capillaries Endothelium; often fenestrated More
More informationFor more information about how to cite these materials visit
Author(s): Gerald Abrams, M.D., 2009 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
More informationANATOMY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Immunity Learning objectives Explain what triggers an immune response and where in the body the immune response occurs. Understand how the immune system handles exogenous and endogenous antigen differently.
More informationDr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Anatomical Pathology Discipline. University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine & Health Sciences Division of Pathology
Vasculitis Dr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Anatomical Pathology Discipline University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine & Health Sciences Division of Pathology Disease Spectrum Hypersensitivity vasculitis/microscopic
More informationCollar stud abscess an interesting case report
Volume 2 issue 2 2012 ISSN 2250-0359 Collar stud abscess an interesting case report Kameshwaran Kannappan Punniyakodi * Balasubramanian Thiagarajan* *Stanley Medical College Chennai, Tamilnadu Abstract
More informationMedical Bacteriology- lecture 13. Mycobacterium Actinomycetes
Medical Bacteriology- lecture 13 Mycobacterium Actinomycetes Mycobacterium tuberculosis Large, very weakly gram positive rods, Obligate aerobes, related to Actinomycetes, non spore forming, non motile
More informationCutaneous Sarcoidosis Misdiagnosed as Leprosy. Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature
Indian J Lepr 2016, 88 : 177-183 Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh, New Delhi http://www.ijl.org.in Case Report Cutaneous Sarcoidosis Misdiagnosed as Leprosy. Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature 1 2 3
More information