Rama Nada. - Mousa Al-Abbadi. 1 P a g e

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Rama Nada. - Mousa Al-Abbadi. 1 P a g e"

Transcription

1 - 1 - Rama Nada - - Mousa Al-Abbadi 1 P a g e

2 Bones, Joints and Soft tissue tumors Before we start: the first 8 minutes was recalling to Dr.Mousa s duties, go over them in the slides. Wherever you see * refer to the page index at the bottom of the page (things that are written by red in the index are not mentioned by the doctor but may help you in understanding) These are the objects that well discuss in the coming 8 lectures: 1-Remember the basic structure & function of bone 2-Congenital diseases of bone and cartilage 3-Metabolic disorders of bone 4-Paget disease of bone* 5-Fractures 6-Osteonecrosis 7-Osteomyelitis** 8-Bone tumors and tumor-like conditions 9-Arthritis**: (very common diseases) Osteoarthritis; RA; Juvenile Idiop A Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies Infectious arthritis; Lyme arthritis Crystal-induced arthritis (such as: gout and pseudogout***) 10-Joint tumors & tumorlike conditions (not common conditions) 11- Soft tissue tumors: Adipose tissue; fibrous tissue; skeletal muscle Smooth muscle; tumors of uncertain origin Relax you don t need to understand or to memorize them here, you ll do that over lectures. *It is a localized disorder of bone remodeling **inflammation conditions ***It s important to differentiate between them later (there is a question about them in the exam) 2 P a g e

3 Important note pathologists should not make diagnoses for bone diseases or tumors based on pathological features only, instead they should first corelate these pathological features with clinical data. For example: woven bones in adult femur indicate a pathological condition, you may think that is an osteogenic sarcoma but when you know from the patient history that he/she has a fracture recently you ll know that they are present normally as a part of repair. Bone functions: 1-Provide a Mechanical support; a problem in a patient s bone impair his/her mechanical support. 2-Forces transmission; forces and weights are balanced by bones, from the skull on the shoulders and upper limbs then the thoraces, the pelvic and the lower limbs. For example: impairment in the hip bone imbalance the patient s walk. 3-Protection; your skull protects your brain from hits 4- Mineral homeostasis*; control your calcium phosphorus metabolism. Problems in the factors that are related to mineral homeostasis, such as: parathyroid hormones (hyperparathyroidism) and vitamin D (vitamin D deficiency/ rickets), can cause many problems in bones. 5- Haematopoiesis; most of your blood elements** are synthesized from stem cells in the bone marrow especially in the long bones, so problems in the bones affect blood elements. *bones act as reservoir for minerals that are important to our body such as calcium and phosphate. A certain concentration of calcium or other minerals inside the blood should be maintained, so when the body needs calcium, calcium will be mobilized from the bone to increase calcium blood level. On the other hand, if you increase your intake of calcium, more deposition of calcium inside the bone occurs. **Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets 3 P a g e

4 Bone structure: Bone structure Matrix Cells Osteoid 35%: organic type I collagen and glycosaminoglycans & other proteins Minerals 65%: One of them is Inorganic hydroxyapatite which make your bones hard, decrease in it results in soft bones (pathological condition) Osteoblasts: forms bone and forms the osteoid The balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts: Osteoclasts: Specialized multinucleated macrophages, derived from circulating monocytes, responsible for bone resorption Osteocytes: mature bone cells (mature osteoblasts), these cells have many processes (dendrites like structures) In the childhood the activity of osteoblasts are higher than it for osteoclasts (bone formation more than bone resorption), they reach the peak of their activity in the early adulthood, from that period up to the 4 th decade they activity of osteoblasts still higher than it for osteoclasts but not as much as before, at the 4 th decade of age the activity for both types of cells are in homeostasis (nearly equal), but after that the activity for osteoblasts decrease while it increases for osteoclasts, so bones resorption more than bones formation, that leads to what we call osteoporosis especially in women post-menopausal. How to prevent or delay osteoporosis? You can decrease osteoporosis by controlling your lifestyle (increase your activity) and food (get species with large amount of minerals), more exposure to sun light (vitamin D) and there are some drugs that can help. A beneficial picture from Robbins book (not from the slides): 4 P a g e

5 Pay attention to these pieces of information: -The homeostasis between osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bones remodelling is a continuous and dynamic complex process even in adult mature skeleton, even in the microscopic level the intensity decreases with age but it won t stop never until die. - Peak bone mass is reached in early adulthood after completion of skeletal growth, then it decreases in the 4 th decade. Remember that this decrement differs from person to person according to factors mentioned earlier. -Bone Resorption > bone formation on 4th decade The things that increase (+) osteoclasts (decrease the bone mass) are Pth,IL-1 and steroids (given for a long time to treat immunological diseases, so these patients suffer from decrease in the bone mass and osteoporosis). And the things that decrease (-) osteoclasts (decrease bone resorption) are BMPs (bone morphogenic proteins) and sex hormones (oestrogen and test.) Some people suggest that we can treat osteoporosis in females by giving oestrogen hormone, but there are risks, such as: thromboembolism especially if the patient suffer from hypertension, so they use alternatives. This picture shows the paracrine molecular mechanism that regulate osteoclast formation and function. Osteoclasts are derived from the same mononuclear cells that differentiate into macrophages. Osteoblasts (stromal cells) membrane associated RANK ligand binds to its receptor RANK located on the cell surface of osteoclasts precursors. This interaction causes the precursor cells to produce functional osteoclasts. Osteoblasts also secrete osteoprotegerin (OPG), which act as decoy receptor for RANK ligand, preventing it from binding the RANK receptor on osteoclast precursors. Consequently. OPG prevents bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. 5 P a g e

6 There are two types of bone: woven bones and lamellar bones Woven bones are hyperactive, haphazard bones, they are replaced by lamellar bones in adults (remodelling process). The present of woven bones in adults is abnormal and indicates a pathological condition, such as: fracture and osteogenic sarcoma. The bone matrix is synthesized in one of two histologic forms, woven or lamellar. Woven bone (pic A) is produced more rapidly, such as during fetal development or fracture repair, but the haphazard arrangement of collagen fibers imparts less structural integrity than the parallel collagen fibers in slowly produced lamellar bone (pic B) Lamellar has less cells and they are osteocytes (less active). on the other hand, woven has osteoblasts which are more active. The picture show osteoblasts, where they synthesized osteoid (the pink material), either during growth or fracture repair. The picture show osteoclasts, multinucleated giant cells, they resorb bone. Look to the osteolytic bite (it s the space between osteoclasts and the bone) 6 P a g e

7 Remember: bone formation occurs by osteoblasts then remodelling occurs by osteoclasts Long bone structure: Its composed of two epiphyses at proximal and distal end and a diaphysis (shaft) between them, between epiphysis and metaphysis there is a layer of hyaline cartilage called growth plate/ epiphysial line, it s totally ossified in the adulthood (after you complete your skeleton maturation. The area between the growth plate and the diaphysis called metaphysis. Its important to know the structure as there are certain diseases especially tumors occurs particularly in metaphysis or diaphysis and so on. Hematopoietic process occurs in yellow bone marrow in the diaphysis. Flat bones, such as: sternum and skull differ in shape than long bones. The picture shows the steps of long bone formation by a process called endochondral ossification The picture shows the steps of flat bone formation by a process called intramembranous ossification. 7 P a g e

8 The picture shows the histology of articulating cartilage (growth plate), look to the: chondrocytes subchondral plate bone marrow Now lets start with pathology: The first type of disorders is congenital disorders. These disorders are born with the infant and divided into two major groups: -Dysostosis: it is characterized by abnormal condensation and migration of mesenchyme during growth, it results from genetic abnormalities (mutation) in homeobox genes, and stimulated by cytokines and its receptors, they are not common but they can occur: 1-Aplasia; means no growth. For example: aplasia in the distal phalanx or aplasia in tibia (the patient doesn t have tibia) 2-Supernumerary digits; here the patient have additional one or more digit. 3-Syndactaly and craniosynostosis; in Syndactaly digits are fused together and need a separation surgery, while in craniosynostosis abnormal formation for the skull sutures (missing sutures or abnormal) they affect brain growth. 8 P a g e

9 -Dysplasia Dysplasia in neoplasia means a precursor for malignancy. However in congenital disorders it means disorganized bone and cartilage results from genetic mutation which control the development and remodelling, some of them are common and some are not and they don t considered a premalignant condition. (it will be continued in the next lecture insallah). Pay attention to the pictures the doctor said that there will be questions about them in the exam. Sorry for any mistake Best of luck if you want to go fast go alone, but if you want to go far go together 9 P a g e

The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue Dynamic and ever-changing throughout life Skeleton composed of many different tissues cartilage, bone tissue, epithelium, nerve, blood forming tissue, adipose, and dense

More information

The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue Dynamic and ever-changing throughout life Skeleton composed of many different tissues cartilage, bone tissue, epithelium, nerve, blood forming tissue, adipose, and dense

More information

Functions of the Skeletal System. Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure. Classification of Bones. Bone Shapes

Functions of the Skeletal System. Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure. Classification of Bones. Bone Shapes Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure Functions of the Skeletal System 1. Support 2. Storage of minerals (calcium) 3. Storage of lipids (yellow marrow) 4. Blood cell production (red marrow) 5. Protection

More information

BIOH111. o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system

BIOH111. o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system BIOH111 o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 1 TEXTBOOK AND REQUIRED/RECOMMENDED

More information

CHAPTER 6 LECTURE OUTLINE

CHAPTER 6 LECTURE OUTLINE CHAPTER 6 LECTURE OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. Bone is made up of several different tissues working together: bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, various blood forming tissues, adipose

More information

SKELETAL SYSTEM I NOTE: LAB ASSIGNMENTS for this topic will run over 3 Weeks. A SEPARATE WORKSHEET WILL BE PROVIDED.

SKELETAL SYSTEM I NOTE: LAB ASSIGNMENTS for this topic will run over 3 Weeks. A SEPARATE WORKSHEET WILL BE PROVIDED. BIO 211; Anatomy and Physiology I REFERENCE: CHAPTER 07 1 Dr. Lawrence Altman Naugatuck Valley Community College LECTURE TOPICS OUTLINE SKELETAL SYSTEM I NOTE: LAB ASSIGNMENTS for this topic will run over

More information

OSSEOUS TISSUE & BONE STRUCTURE PART I: OVERVIEW & COMPONENTS

OSSEOUS TISSUE & BONE STRUCTURE PART I: OVERVIEW & COMPONENTS OSSEOUS TISSUE & BONE STRUCTURE PART I: OVERVIEW & COMPONENTS The Skeletal System Skeletal system includes: bones of the skeleton, cartilages, ligaments, and connective tissues What are the functions of

More information

An Introduction to the Skeletal System Skeletal system includes Bones of the skeleton Cartilages, ligaments, and connective tissues

An Introduction to the Skeletal System Skeletal system includes Bones of the skeleton Cartilages, ligaments, and connective tissues An Introduction to the Skeletal System Skeletal system includes Bones of the skeleton Cartilages, ligaments, and connective tissues Functions of the Skeletal System Support Storage of minerals (calcium)

More information

KEY CONCEPTS Unit 6 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

KEY CONCEPTS Unit 6 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1 (101-805 - AB) PAUL ANDERSON 2011 KEY CONCEPTS Unit 6 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM A Overview of The Skeletal System 1. Definition: Anatomically the SKELETAL SYSTEM consists of bones, cartilages,

More information

Chapter 6 Bones and Bone Tissue Chapter Outline

Chapter 6 Bones and Bone Tissue Chapter Outline Chapter 6 Bones and Bone Tissue Chapter Outline Module 6.1: Introduction to Bones as Organs (Figures 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4) A. The skeletal system includes the bones, joints, and their associated supporting

More information

BONE TISSUE. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology

BONE TISSUE. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology BONE TISSUE Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Associate Professor of Anatomy and Histology BONE FUNCTION Support Protection (protect internal organs) Movement (provide leverage system for skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments

More information

The Skeletal System PART A. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College

The Skeletal System PART A. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Skeletal System 5 PART A The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton) Joints

More information

Chapter 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Chapter 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue Chapter 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue I. Functions A. List and describe the five major functions of the skeletal system: 1. 2. 3.. 4. 5.. II. Cartilage A. What do chondroblasts do? B. When

More information

The Skeletal System. Chapter 7a. Skeletal System Introduction Functions of the skeleton Framework of bones The skeleton through life

The Skeletal System. Chapter 7a. Skeletal System Introduction Functions of the skeleton Framework of bones The skeleton through life The Skeletal System Skeletal System Introduction Functions of the skeleton Framework of bones The skeleton through life Chapter 7a Support Protection Movement Storage areas Minerals Lipids Hemopoiesis

More information

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure C h a p t e r 6 Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College - North Harris Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin

More information

SKELETAL SYSTEM CHAPTER 07. Bone Function BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I. Body Movement interacts with muscles bones act as rigid bar of a lever

SKELETAL SYSTEM CHAPTER 07. Bone Function BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I. Body Movement interacts with muscles bones act as rigid bar of a lever Page 1 BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I 1 CHAPTER 07 SKELETAL SYSTEM Dr. Lawrence G. G. Altman www.lawrencegaltman.com Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill. Some illustrations are courtesy of

More information

SKELETAL SYSTEM CHAPTER 07 BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I

SKELETAL SYSTEM CHAPTER 07 BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I BIO 211: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I 1 CHAPTER 07 SKELETAL SYSTEM Dr. Lawrence G. G. Altman www.lawrencegaltman.com Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill. Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill.

More information

Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure I. An Introduction to the Skeletal System, p. 180 Objective: Describe the functions of the skeletal system The skeletal system includes: - bones of the skeleton

More information

Types of Bones. 5 basic types of bones: Sutural bones - in joint between skull bones

Types of Bones. 5 basic types of bones: Sutural bones - in joint between skull bones The Skeletal System The Skeletal System Bone and their cartilage, ligaments & tendons. Dynamic and ever changing throughout life Skeleton contains all 4 tissue types; Epithelial, connective, muscle and

More information

Bio 103 Skeletal System 45

Bio 103 Skeletal System 45 45 Lecture Outline: SKELETAL SYSTEM [Chapters 7, 8] Introduction A. Components B. Functions 1. 2. 3. 4. Classification and Parts A. Bone Shapes 1. Long: 2. Short: 3. Flat: 4. Irregular: 5. Sesamoid: B.

More information

What are the parts of the skeletal system? Chapter 6- Part I Bones and Skeletal Tissues. Growth of Cartilage. Bones come in many shapes

What are the parts of the skeletal system? Chapter 6- Part I Bones and Skeletal Tissues. Growth of Cartilage. Bones come in many shapes Chapter 6- Part I Bones and Skeletal Tissues Components of the skeletal system Classification of Bone (bone shapes) Functions of bone Bone structure Microscopic structure of bone and bone cells What are

More information

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 8 - BONE AND CARTILAGE.

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 8 - BONE AND CARTILAGE. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: BONE CLASSIFICATIONS There are four classifications of bones based on their 1. Long bones are greater in length than in width - Found in the upper and lower limbs (ex: arm,

More information

SKELETAL SYSTEM. Introduction Notes (pt 1)

SKELETAL SYSTEM. Introduction Notes (pt 1) SKELETAL SYSTEM Introduction Notes (pt 1) I. INTRODUCTION 1. Bones include active, living tissues: bone tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood, and nervous tissue. 2. Bones: support and protect

More information

Skeletal Tissues. Skeletal tissues. Frame; muscles, organs and CT attach. Brain, spinal cord, thoracic organs; heart and lungs.

Skeletal Tissues. Skeletal tissues. Frame; muscles, organs and CT attach. Brain, spinal cord, thoracic organs; heart and lungs. Skeletal Tissues Functions 1) support 2) protection 3) movement Skeletal tissues Frame; muscles, organs and CT attach. Brain, spinal cord, thoracic organs; heart and lungs. Aids muscle contraction; generate

More information

Skeletal System. The skeletal System... Components

Skeletal System. The skeletal System... Components Skeletal System The skeletal System... What are the general components of the skeletal system? What does the skeletal system do for you & how does it achieve these functions? Components The skeletal system

More information

Bones. The division of bones anatomically is : long, short, irregular, flat and sesamoid.

Bones. The division of bones anatomically is : long, short, irregular, flat and sesamoid. Bones Osteocytes : Are responsible for maintenance of bones Present in lacunae, and send processes. Unable to divide. The division of bones anatomically is : long, short, irregular, flat and sesamoid.

More information

The Skeletal System Vertebral column Sacrum. Osseous tissue For the body and soft organs. Magnesium, sodium, fluoride Levers for muscle action

The Skeletal System Vertebral column Sacrum. Osseous tissue For the body and soft organs. Magnesium, sodium, fluoride Levers for muscle action 10/1/2016 Cranium Facial s Skull Clavicle Scapula Sternum Rib Humerus Vertebra Radius Ulna Carpals Thoracic cage (ribs and sternum) The Skeletal System Vertebral column Sacrum Phalanges Metacarpals Femur

More information

Due in Lab. Due next week in lab - Scientific America Article Select one article to read and complete article summary

Due in Lab. Due next week in lab - Scientific America Article Select one article to read and complete article summary Due in Lab 1. Skeletal System 33-34 2. Skeletal System 26 3. PreLab 6 Due next week in lab - Scientific America Article Select one article to read and complete article summary Cell Defenses and the Sunshine

More information

BIOL 2457 CHAPTER 6 SI 1. irregular ectopic: sutural (Wormian) The is between the shaft and end. It contains cartilage that is

BIOL 2457 CHAPTER 6 SI 1. irregular ectopic: sutural (Wormian) The is between the shaft and end. It contains cartilage that is BIOL 2457 CHAPTER 6 SI 1 1. List 5 functions of bones: 2. Classify bones according to shape: give descriptions and examples: long short flat irregular ectopic: sutural (Wormian) ectopic: sesamoid 3. The

More information

The formation of blood cells is called. hemopoiesis. What does our bone store? Where do our bones store fat? yellow marrow.

The formation of blood cells is called. hemopoiesis. What does our bone store? Where do our bones store fat? yellow marrow. What are the 5/6 functions of the skeletal system? support, protection, movement, blood cell formation, storage, homeostasis The formation of blood cells is called hemopoiesis What does our bone store?

More information

The Skeletal System PART A

The Skeletal System PART A 5 The Skeletal System PART A PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB The Skeletal System

More information

Skeletal Tissues Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi

Skeletal Tissues Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Skeletal Tissues Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Functions of Bones 1. Support and protection: Bones give shape to body structure. Bones provide support to body weight. Certain bones protect vital internal organs

More information

Ossification and Bone Remodeling

Ossification and Bone Remodeling Ossification and Bone Remodeling Pre-natal Ossification Embryonic skeleton: fashioned from fibrous membranes or cartilage to accommodate mitosis. 2 types of pre-natal ossification (bone formation) 1.

More information

Peggers Super Summaries Basic Sciences Bone

Peggers Super Summaries Basic Sciences Bone Bone Overview & Turnover BONES Function o Support o Protection o Assisting movement o Storage of minerals o Production of red blood cells from marrow Types o Cancellous o Compact with Haversian systems

More information

Chp. 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue Student Worksheet. 1. The skeletal system is composed of bones,,, and.

Chp. 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue Student Worksheet. 1. The skeletal system is composed of bones,,, and. Chp. 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue Student Worksheet 1. The skeletal system is composed of bones,,, and. 2. What are 5 functions of the skeletal system? 3. Besides osseous tissue (connective tissue with

More information

-the emphasis on this section is the structure and function of bone tissue and on the dynamics of its formation and remodeling throughout life.

-the emphasis on this section is the structure and function of bone tissue and on the dynamics of its formation and remodeling throughout life. Biology 325 Fall 2004 BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUES Introduction -skeleton contains cartilage and bones -the emphasis on this section is the structure and function of bone tissue and on the dynamics of its

More information

Bone Tissue- Chapter 5 5-1

Bone Tissue- Chapter 5 5-1 Bone Tissue- Chapter 5 5-1 Bone Functions Support Protection Assistance in movement Mineral storage and release Blood cell production Triglyceride storage 5-2 Bone Chemistry Water (25%) Organic Constituent

More information

SKELETAL TISSUES CHAPTER 7 INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM TYPES OF BONES

SKELETAL TISSUES CHAPTER 7 INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM TYPES OF BONES SKELETAL TISSUES CHAPTER 7 By John McGill Supplement Outlines: Beth Wyatt Original PowerPoint: Jack Bagwell INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM STRUCTURE Organs: Bones Related Tissues: Cartilage and Ligaments

More information

Skeletal System worksheet

Skeletal System worksheet Skeletal System worksheet Name Section A: Intro to Skeletal System The skeletal system performs vital functions that enable us to move through our daily lives. Support - The skeleton provides support and

More information

NOTES: Skeletal System (Ch 5, part 1)

NOTES: Skeletal System (Ch 5, part 1) NOTES: Skeletal System (Ch 5, part 1) Individual bones are the organs of the skeletal system. A bone contains very active tissues. BONE STRUCTURE: *Bone structure reflects its function. Parts of a long

More information

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14 th Edition CHAPTER 6 The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue Introduction The skeletal system has 6 important functions: Provides support Protects the internal organs (brain,

More information

Fig Articular cartilage. Epiphysis. Red bone marrow Epiphyseal line. Marrow cavity. Yellow bone marrow. Periosteum. Nutrient foramen Diaphysis

Fig Articular cartilage. Epiphysis. Red bone marrow Epiphyseal line. Marrow cavity. Yellow bone marrow. Periosteum. Nutrient foramen Diaphysis Fig. 7.1 Articular cartilage Epiphysis Red bone marrow Epiphyseal line Marrow cavity Yellow bone marrow Nutrient foramen Diaphysis Site of endosteum Compact bone Spongy bone Epiphyseal line Epiphysis Articular

More information

Chapter 6: SKELETAL SYSTEM

Chapter 6: SKELETAL SYSTEM Chapter 6: SKELETAL SYSTEM I. FUNCTIONS A. Support B. Protection C. Movement D. Mineral storage E. Lipid storage (Fig. 6.8b) F. Blood cell production (Fig. 6.4) II. COMPONENTS A. Cartilage 1. Hyaline 2.

More information

Skeletal Tissue Study Slides. Chapter 6

Skeletal Tissue Study Slides. Chapter 6 Skeletal Tissue Study Slides Chapter 6 Functions of the skeletal system include all of the following, except A. support. B. storage. C. protection. D. blood cell production. E. movement. ANSWER Functions

More information

Skeletal Tissues. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi

Skeletal Tissues. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Skeletal Tissues Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Functions of Bones 1. Support and protection : Bones give shape to body structure. Bones provide support to body weight. Certain bones protect vital internal organs

More information

Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Saba Alfayoumi. Heba Kalbouneh

Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Saba Alfayoumi. Heba Kalbouneh 11 Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Saba Alfayoumi Heba Kalbouneh 2- Bone Bone tissue is also classified into primary bone and secondary bone. In the beginning, the first bone that is deposited by the osteoblasts is

More information

Human Anatomy & Physiology

Human Anatomy & Physiology PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Barbara Heard, Atlantic Cape Community College Ninth Edition Human Anatomy & Physiology C H A P T E R 6 Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images 2013 Pearson Education,

More information

Skeletal System. Chapter 6.1 Human Anatomy & Physiology

Skeletal System. Chapter 6.1 Human Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal System Chapter 6.1 Human Anatomy & Physiology Overview of Skeletal System Bones Joints Skeletal System Cartilage Tendons (bone to muscle) Ligaments (bone to bone) Function of the Skeletal System

More information

Chapter 5 The Skeletal System

Chapter 5 The Skeletal System Chapter 5 The Skeletal System The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments (bone to bone)(tendon=bone to muscle) Divided into two divisions Axial skeleton:

More information

Functions of the Skeletal System

Functions of the Skeletal System SKELETAL SYSTEM Functions of the Skeletal System Support: Internal framework that supports and anchors all soft organs. Protection: Bones protect soft body organs Body movement skeletal muscle attached

More information

What is bone? Specialized form of connective tissue: mineralized collagen matrix, therefore very rigid and strong while still retaining some degree of

What is bone? Specialized form of connective tissue: mineralized collagen matrix, therefore very rigid and strong while still retaining some degree of Bone What is bone? Specialized form of connective tissue: mineralized collagen matrix, therefore very rigid and strong while still retaining some degree of flexibility Other types of connective tissue:

More information

Biology. Dr. Khalida Ibrahim

Biology. Dr. Khalida Ibrahim Biology Dr. Khalida Ibrahim BONE TISSUE Bone tissue is a specialized form of connective tissue and is the main element of the skeletal tissues. It is composed of cells and an extracellular matrix in which

More information

Do Now: 1. Where, specifically, is blood created? Which part of the long bone? 2. Which structures are primarily associated with growth? 3.

Do Now: 1. Where, specifically, is blood created? Which part of the long bone? 2. Which structures are primarily associated with growth? 3. Do Now: 1. Where, specifically, is blood created? Which part of the long bone? 2. Which structures are primarily associated with growth? 3. How could damage to these areas impact bone growth? WRITE AND

More information

Chapter 7. Skeletal System

Chapter 7. Skeletal System Chapter 7 Skeletal System 1 Introduction: A. Bones are very active, living tissues B. Each bone is made up of several types of tissues and so is an organ. C. Bone functions include: muscle attachment,

More information

For more information about how to cite these materials visit

For more information about how to cite these materials visit Author(s): University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology License: Unless otherwise noted, the content of this course material is licensed under a Creative Commons

More information

Module 2:! Functional Musculoskeletal Anatomy A! Semester 1! !!! !!!! Hard Tissues, Distal Upper Limb & Neurovascular Supply of Upper Limb!

Module 2:! Functional Musculoskeletal Anatomy A! Semester 1! !!! !!!! Hard Tissues, Distal Upper Limb & Neurovascular Supply of Upper Limb! Functional Musculoskeletal Anatomy A Module 2: Hard Tissues, Distal Upper Limb & Neurovascular Supply of Upper Limb Semester 1 1 18. Bone Tissue & Growth of Bones 18.1 Describe the structure of bone tissue

More information

Outline. Skeletal System. Functions of Bone. Bio 105: Skeletal System 3/17/2016. The material from this lecture packet will be on the lecture exam

Outline. Skeletal System. Functions of Bone. Bio 105: Skeletal System 3/17/2016. The material from this lecture packet will be on the lecture exam Bio 105: Skeletal System Lecture 8 Chapter 5 The material from this lecture packet will be on the lecture exam The identification that you do after this lecture will be on the lab exam Outline I. Overview

More information

Ossification = Osteogenesis

Ossification = Osteogenesis Ossification = Osteogenesis Ossification = Osteogenesis Parts of the fetal skeleton form during the first few weeks after conception By the end of the 8 th week, the skeletal pattern is formed : cartilage

More information

Bones are made of OSSEOUS TISSUE

Bones are made of OSSEOUS TISSUE SKELETAL SYSTEM Functions of the Skeletal System Bones are made of OSSEOUS TISSUE Support and Protection Body movement Blood cell formation (bone marrow) Storage of inorganic materials (salt, calcium,

More information

Chapter 6 & 7 The Skeleton

Chapter 6 & 7 The Skeleton Chapter 6 & 7 The Skeleton Try this Make clockwise circles with your RIGHT foot, while doing this, draw the number 6 in the air with you RIGHT hand what happens to your foot???? Bony Background Adult body

More information

Osteology. Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Anatomy 35 Mt San Antonio College

Osteology. Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Anatomy 35 Mt San Antonio College Osteology Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Anatomy 35 Mt San Antonio College Functions of the Skeletal System: Support Movement Protection Hemopoiesis Electrolyte balance (Ca ++ /PO -3 4 ) Acid-base balance Storage

More information

Bone Development. Two Types of OssificaDon 10/18/14. Osteogenesis ( ) bone Dssue formadon Stages. Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Part B

Bone Development. Two Types of OssificaDon 10/18/14. Osteogenesis ( ) bone Dssue formadon Stages. Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Part B Bone Development 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Part B Osteogenesis ( ) bone Dssue formadon Stages Bone formadon begins in the 2nd month of development Postnatal bone growth undl early adulthood Bone remodeling

More information

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure 6 Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris An Introduction to the Skeletal System Learning Outcomes 6-1 Describe the primary

More information

Chapter 5 The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue. Functions of Bone. Bones

Chapter 5 The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue. Functions of Bone. Bones Chapter 5 The Skeletal System:Bone Tissue Dynamic and ever-changing throughout life Skeleton composed of many different tissues cartilage, bone tissue, epithelium, nerve, blood forming tissue, adipose,

More information

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure 6 Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris An Introduction to the Skeletal System Learning Outcomes 6-1 Describe the primary

More information

b. Adult bones produce 2.5 million RBCs each second.

b. Adult bones produce 2.5 million RBCs each second. Ch 6 Skeletal System I. Functions of the Skeletal System A. The skeletal system consists of: 1. bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments B. Living bone is not Gr. dried up 1. It is dynamic and adaptable

More information

Chapter 5-Skeletal System

Chapter 5-Skeletal System Chapter 5-Skeletal System The Skeletal System Bones Function in Support, Movement, Protection, Storage, and Blood Cell Production (p. 83) Bones Have a Hard Outer Layer Surrounding Spongy Bone (pp. 83-84)

More information

CHAPTER IV PDL 101 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

CHAPTER IV PDL 101 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER IV PDL 101 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Ms. K. GOWRI. M.Pharm., Lecturer. BONES AND JOINTS Structure and function of bone(skeleton): Bone is a strong and durable type of connective tissue. It consists

More information

Bone (2) Chapter 8. The bone is surrounded by the periosteum, the periosteum consists of two layers: a fibrous outer layer and an innercellular layer.

Bone (2) Chapter 8. The bone is surrounded by the periosteum, the periosteum consists of two layers: a fibrous outer layer and an innercellular layer. Bone (2) Chapter 8 The bone is surrounded by the periosteum, the periosteum consists of two layers: a fibrous outer layer and an innercellular layer. The innercellular layer contains osteoprogenitor cells,

More information

Lecture 2: Skeletogenesis

Lecture 2: Skeletogenesis Jilin University School of Stomatology Skeletogenesis Lecture 2: Skeletogenesis Aug. 18, 2015 Yuji Mishina, Ph.D. mishina@umich.edu Student will describe Development of Bone - the general anatomy of bone

More information

Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh

Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Bone Special connective tissue. Cartilages + Bones = Skeleton. Osseous = refers to bone. Functions of the bone: 1. Support: It forms the framework

More information

FORMATION OF BONE. Intramembranous Ossification. Bone-Lec-10-Prof.Dr.Adnan Albideri

FORMATION OF BONE. Intramembranous Ossification. Bone-Lec-10-Prof.Dr.Adnan Albideri FORMATION OF BONE All bones are of mesodermal origin. The process of bone formation is called ossification. We have seen that formation of most bones is preceded by the formation of a cartilaginous model,

More information

Skeletal System worksheet

Skeletal System worksheet Skeletal System worksheet Name Section A: Intro to Skeletal System The skeletal system performs vital functions that enable us to move through our daily lives. Support - The skeleton provides support and

More information

Sheets 16&17. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh

Sheets 16&17. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Sheets 16&17 Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Ossification (formation of bone) - Osteoblasts are responsible for producing the extracellular matrix of the bone and these osteoblasts

More information

Bone. Development. Tim Arnett. University College London. Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology

Bone. Development. Tim Arnett. University College London. Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Bone Development Tim Arnett Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology University College London Bone development Outline Bone composition matrix + mineral Bone formation - intramembranous & endochondral

More information

Functions of the Skeletal System

Functions of the Skeletal System SKELETAL SYSTEM Functions of the Skeletal System Bones are made of OSSEOUS TISSUE Support and Protection Body movement Blood cell formation (bone marrow) - hemopoiesis Storage of inorganic materials (salt,

More information

Awaisheh. Mousa Al-Abbadi. Abdullah Alaraj. 1 Page

Awaisheh. Mousa Al-Abbadi. Abdullah Alaraj. 1 Page f #3 Awaisheh Abdullah Alaraj Mousa Al-Abbadi 1 Page *This sheet was written from Section 1 s lecture, in the first 10 mins the Dr. repeated all the previous material relating to osteoporosis from the

More information

PowerPoint Lecture Slides. Prepared by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College. The Skeletal System Pearson Education, Inc.

PowerPoint Lecture Slides. Prepared by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College. The Skeletal System Pearson Education, Inc. PowerPoint Lecture Slides Prepared by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College CHAPTER 5 The Skeletal System 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Title Classification of Bones and Gross Anatomy

More information

Regulation of the skeletal mass through the life span

Regulation of the skeletal mass through the life span Regulation of the skeletal mass through the life span Functions of the skeletal system Mechanical protection skull Movement leverage for muscles Mineral metabolism calcium store Erythropoiesis red blood

More information

Hole s Human Anatomy and Physiology Eleventh Edition. Mrs. Hummer. Chapter 7 Skeletal System

Hole s Human Anatomy and Physiology Eleventh Edition. Mrs. Hummer. Chapter 7 Skeletal System Hole s Human Anatomy and Physiology Eleventh Edition Mrs. Hummer Chapter 7 Skeletal System 1 Chapter 7 Skeletal System Bone Classification Long Bones Short Bones Flat Bones Irregular Bones Sesamoid (Round)

More information

36 1 The Skeletal System Slide 1 of 40

36 1 The Skeletal System Slide 1 of 40 1 of 40 The Skeleton All organisms need structural support. Unicellular organisms have a cytoskeleton. Multicellular animals have either an exoskeleton (arthropods) or an endoskeleton (vertebrates). 2

More information

Abdullah Alaraj. Mousa al abbadi. Mohammad Alfarra. 1 Page

Abdullah Alaraj. Mousa al abbadi. Mohammad Alfarra. 1 Page f #2 Abdullah Alaraj Mohammad Alfarra Mousa al abbadi 1 Page introduction to what we will cover: -dysostosis is caused by genetic abnormalities in homeobox genes, cytokines and its receptors. However,

More information

OpenStax-CNX module: m Bone Structure * Ildar Yakhin. Based on Bone Structure by OpenStax. Abstract

OpenStax-CNX module: m Bone Structure * Ildar Yakhin. Based on Bone Structure by OpenStax. Abstract OpenStax-CNX module: m63474 1 Bone Structure * Ildar Yakhin Based on Bone Structure by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 By

More information

Human Biology Chapter 15.3: Bone Structure *

Human Biology Chapter 15.3: Bone Structure * OpenStax-CNX module: m58082 1 Human Biology Chapter 15.3: Bone Structure * Willy Cushwa Based on Bone Structure by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons

More information

Anatomy & Physiology

Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy & Physiology 101-805 Unit 6 The Skeletal System Paul Anderson 2011 Skeletal System: Components Bones major organs of system, have all functions of system. Cartilages connect & protect bones at

More information

Chapter 6 Skeletal System

Chapter 6 Skeletal System Chapter 6 Skeletal System Functions of the skeletal system/bone 1. Support skeletal system is the internal framework of the body 2. Protection protects internal organs 3. Movement muscles & bones work

More information

Skeletal System Functions

Skeletal System Functions Chapter 6 Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue 6-1 Skeletal System Functions Support. Bone is hard and rigid; cartilage is flexible yet strong. Cartilage in nose, external ear, thoracic cage and trachea.

More information

Chapter 6 Part B Bones and Skeletal Tissue

Chapter 6 Part B Bones and Skeletal Tissue Chapter 6 Part B Bones and Skeletal Tissue 6.5 Bone Development Ossification (osteogenesis) is the process of bone tissue formation Formation of bony skeleton begins in month 2 of development Postnatal

More information

Derived copy of Bone *

Derived copy of Bone * OpenStax-CNX module: m57739 1 Derived copy of Bone * Shannon McDermott Based on Bone by OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 By

More information

Chapter 6. Bone Tissue

Chapter 6. Bone Tissue Chapter 6 Bone Tissue Functions of the Skeleton support hold the body up, supports muscles, mandible and maxilla support teeth protection brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs movement limb movements, breathing,

More information

Skeletal System. Bio 105

Skeletal System. Bio 105 Skeletal System Bio 105 Outline I. Overview of the skeletal system II. Function of bones III. Bone structure IV. Bone cells V. Cartilage VI. Tendons and Ligaments VII. Joints VIII. Bone development IX.

More information

Outline. Skeletal System. Tendons link the skeletal and the muscular systems.

Outline. Skeletal System. Tendons link the skeletal and the muscular systems. Outline Skeletal System Bio 105 I. Overview of the skeletal system II. Function of bones III. Bone structure IV. Bone cells V. Cartilage VI. Tendons and Ligaments VII. Joints VIII. Bone development IX.

More information

The Skeletal System. The Axial Skeleton. The Appendicular Skeleton 2/6/ vertebral column. 1 hyoid (horseshoe shaped bone at base of chin)

The Skeletal System. The Axial Skeleton. The Appendicular Skeleton 2/6/ vertebral column. 1 hyoid (horseshoe shaped bone at base of chin) The Skeletal System PSK 4U Mr. S. Kelly North Grenville DHS The Axial Skeleton 26 vertebral column 1 hyoid (horseshoe shaped bone at base of chin) 22 skull 25 ribs and sternum = 74 bones The Appendicular

More information

Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling

Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling Pre-natal Ossification Embryonic skeleton: fashioned from fibrous membranes or cartilage to accommodate mitosis. 2 types of pre-natal ossification (bone formation)

More information

2 PROCESSES OF BONE OSSIFICATION

2 PROCESSES OF BONE OSSIFICATION 2 PROCESSES OF BONE OSSIFICATION ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION 6 STEPS 1. CARTILAGE ENLARGES, BY APPOSITIONAL GROWTH; CHONDROCYTES AT CENTER OF CARTILAGE GROW IN SIZE; MATRIX REDUCES IN SIZE & SPICULES CALCIFY;

More information

Support and protection. Body movement. Blood cell formation = hemopoiesis (occurs in bone marrow)

Support and protection. Body movement. Blood cell formation = hemopoiesis (occurs in bone marrow) SKELETAL SYSTEM Functions of the Skeletal System Support and protection Body movement Blood cell formation = hemopoiesis (occurs in bone marrow) Storage of inorganic materials (salt, calcium, potassium.)

More information

The Skeletal System. PSK 4U Mr. S. Kelly North Grenville DHS

The Skeletal System. PSK 4U Mr. S. Kelly North Grenville DHS The Skeletal System PSK 4U Mr. S. Kelly North Grenville DHS The Axial Skeleton 26 vertebral column 1 hyoid (horseshoe shaped bone at base of chin) 22 skull 25 ribs and sternum = 74 bones The Appendicular

More information

Figure ) The area that causes the lengthwise growth of a long bone is indicated by letter. Diff: 2 Page Ref:

Figure ) The area that causes the lengthwise growth of a long bone is indicated by letter. Diff: 2 Page Ref: Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 5 The Skeletal System Short Answer Figure 5.1 Using Figure 5.1, identify the following: 1) Spongy bone is indicated by letter. Diff: 1 Page Ref:

More information