STD.6 (2015) MOVEMENT IN THE BODY. When an organism moves from one place to another, it is termed as locomotion. locomotion.

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1 STD.6 (2015) MOVEMENT IN THE BODY Q.1 Define Locomotion. When an organism moves from one place to another, it is termed as locomotion. Ex.A jump, hop, walk and swim. Q.2 Differentiate between movement and locomotion. Movement It is the change in the shape, direction etc. of body parts. Plants show only movement no locomotion. Locomotion It occurs when a body changes its position from one place to another. Animals show both movement and locomotion. Q.3 Which features of the Earthworm enable it to move on the ground? OR Explain the movement in Earthworm. Earthworm s body is made up of many ring-like segments that have muscles. These muscles help it to shorten and lengthen its body providing a push that helps the body move forward. In addition, the earthworm has special bristle like setae attached to the muscles. They secrete a slimy substance which helps them to move easily. Thus, repeated lengthening and shortening of body helps the earthworm move. Q.4 How does slime help in movement of animals like earthworm and snail? The earthworm has special bristle like setae attached to the muscles. They secrete a slimy substance which helps them to move easily. 1

2 Snail secretes a slimy substance known as mucous. It enables the snail to move with ease. Q.5 Explain the Movement in Snail. Snail has a slimy body without bones. It has a shell for protection. The snail moves with the help of muscular organ known as the foot, which makes wave-like movements and secrete a slimy substance known as mucous. It enables the snail to move with ease. Q.6 Explain the Movement of Cockroach. The body of cockroach is made up of head, thorax and abdomen. The thorax of cockroach bears two pairs of wings and three pairs of jointed legs for movement. The cockroach has a pair of sensitive antennae located at its head which helps the cockroach to sense and smell its surroundings. Q.7 What are the sensory structures in a snail and in a cockroach? Snails have a pair of tentacles with eyes at the tips and a cockroach has a pair of antennae located at its head. These sensory structures enable these animals to sense and smell the surroundings. Q.8 What is a streamlined body? How does it help in movement of animals that fly or swim in water? The body that is thicker in the middle and tapers at both ends, it is known as streamlined body. This shape is known as streamlined body. This shape allows water to move easily around the body and offers least resistance to its flow thus it helps the animal to swim. This shape also helps the bird to fly as it makes it easy for them to move through the air. The air can easily cut through the sides of the body and offers least resistance. 2

3 Q. 9 Explain the special features which help fish to move in water. The body of fish is specially designed for swimming. It is stream lined i.e. thicker in the middle and tapers at both ends. This shape allows water to move easily around the body and offers least resistance to its flow. Fins of fish help in balancing and changing the directions. It has swim-bladder, which is filled with air and keeps the fish afloat. Tail movement from side to side propels the fish forward. Q.10 Explain why the body of birds is well-suited for flight. Most of the birds can fly. Birds can walk, hop, or run. They have a streamlined body which makes it easy for them to move through the air. The air can easily cut through the sides of the body and offers least resistance. Bones of the birds are hollow which make the body light and fit for flying. Forelimbs are modified to form wings for flight. Feathers on their body keep them warm while flying at a height. Strong chest muscles enable birds to flap their wings when flying. Q.11 Explain the movement in Snake. Snake has a long and strong backbone and the ribs. Snakes usually curve in a wave-like motion and press against the ground with the help of scales to push forward. Thus, snake can move fast in a wave like motion but not in a straight line. 3

4 Q.12 Differentiate between exoskeleton and endoskeleton. Exoskeleton Endoskeleton Hard part present outside the body forms The bones are present within the body and exoskeleton. thus, form endoskeleton. Ex. Scales, hair, horns Ex. Bones, cartilage Human beings: The skeleton of a normal adult comprises of 206 bones. Importance of the skeleton system: a) It forms the framework of our body, provides shape and support and holds it upright. b) It helps in the movement of various parts of the body. c) It protects the internal organs of our body. Ex. Skull protects the brain, ribs protect the heart and lungs. d) Bones are filled with a spongy mass called the bone marrow where blood cells are formed. 4

5 Skelton Skull Limbs Rib Cage Backbone or Spine Write a short note on: a) Skull: i) It comprises of the bones of the face and the head region. ii) Most bones of the skull are fixed and cannot move except that of the lower jaw. iii) The movement of the lower jaw makes it possible for us to chew food. iv) The skull protects the brain which is an extremely vital organ of our body. b) Rib Cage: i) There are 12 pairs of ribs forming a cage-like structure called the rib cage. ii) The ribs are flat, thin, curved bones that are joined with the backbone at the back and with the breast bone in front. iii) The last two pairs of ribs are not attached in front and are hence called floating ribs. iv) The rib cage protects important organs such as the heart and lungs as well as parts of the stomach and kidneys. c) Backbone (Spine): i) The backbone or spine is also known as vertebral column. ii) It runs from the base of the skull to the lower back and forms the central supporting rod for the skeleton. iii) It is made up of 33 vertebrae that are joined to each other. Vertebrae are helpful in bending and twisting our back. iv) The backbone protects the spinal cord which arises at the base of our brain. v) All animals that have a vertebral column are called vertebrates. Ex. Fish, reptiles, birds. 5

6 d) Limbs: i) There are two pairs of limbs the fore limbs (arms) and the hind limbs (legs). ii) The arm consists of the humerus, radius and ulna. iii) The leg consists of the tibia and fibula bones. The thigh bone or femur is the longest bone in our body. iv) The pelvis (hip bone) supports the legs and attached to the lower end of the backbone. v) Limbs allow us to perform various types of movements. Q. 13 Explain the following terms: A joint is a place where two bones are joined together. A ligament is a tissue that joins two bones. Cartilage is a tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue that cushions bones at joints. Muscles: Bundles of specialised cells that can contract or relax to create movement for the body. Tendon: Fibrous tissue that connects muscles to bones. Synovial fluid: The space between two bones is filled with lubricating fluid called Synovial fluid. Q. 14 How do muscles help in movement? Muscles are attached to the bones with the help of tendon and function by contracting and relaxing. Muscles work in pairs. When we bend our arm, the muscles on the upper side contract to pull bone up and at the same time the muscles on the lower side relax. Thus, muscles help in movement. 6

7 Joints are of two types: Movable and Immovable Movable joints are categorised into four major types: Hinge Joint Ball and Socket Joint Pivot Joint Gliding Joint A movable joint that allows movement in one direction only. A joint in which the round end of a bone fits into the cavity of another bone. A joint in which movement is limited to rotation. A freely moving joint in which the movement is limited to gliding motions. Elbow Joint, Knee Joint and Finger Joint Shoulder and hip Joint The joint where neck meets the skull Ankle and Wrist Joint Q.15 Mention the role of X-rays in the field of medicine. X-rays are special rays that can pass through the soft tissues but not through the bones. Hence an image is created that reveals the nature of the bones. Thus, X-ray image is helpful in case of a bone injury. *************** 7

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