Interleukin-2-Dependent Allergen-Specific Tissue-Resident Memory Cells Drive Asthma

Transcription

1 Immunity Supplemental Information Interleukin-2-Dependent Allergen-Specific Tissue-Resident Memory Cells Drive Asthma Brian D. Hondowicz, Dowon An, Jason M. Schenkel, Karen S. Kim, Holly R. Steach, Akshay T. Krishnamurty, Gladys J. Keitany, Esteban N. Garza, Kathryn A. Fraser, James J. Moon, William A. Altemeier, David Masopust, and Marion Pepper

2 Figure S1. Hondowicz et al. A. Derp : RFGISNYCQIYPPNVNKIREAL * B. allergic challenge Day sac (D3-19 post-challenge) Day i.n. HDM (23 μg Derp1) Day 1-14 i.n. HDM (5.75 μg Derp1) Inject α Thy1.2 i.v.

3 Figure S2. Hondowicz et al. A. Ex vivo Lung 4 3 % hucd2 + (IL-4) % IL-13 + (egfp) 2 1 Derp1 - Derp1 + Derp1 - Derp1 + B. In vitro Lung * IL-4 (pg/ml) 5 * IL-5 (pg/ml) 5 * IL-13 (pg/ml) 5 1 No peptide Peptide No peptide Peptide No peptide Peptide 1 IFN-γ (pg/ml) 5 IL-17 (pg/ml) 5 No peptide Peptide No peptide Peptide

4 Figure S3. Hondowicz et al. A. Day i.n. HDM Wait for days 5 days i.n. HDM 9 days i.p. FTY72 1. Pre-bleed for blood CD4 + T cell numbers 2. Measure D3 post-challenge airway hyper-responsiveness 3. Inject αthy1.2-pe i.v. 3 minutes prior to death 4. Flow cytometric analysis

5 Figure S4. Hondowicz et al. A. WT CD25KO Spleen and Lns Blood CCR CXCR % CCR WT * CD25 KO % CXCR p =.6 WT CD25 KO

6 Figure S5. Hondowicz et al. A. CD69 Lung WT CD62L CD25KO %CD WT * CD25 KO

7 Figure S6. Hondowicz et al. A. hucd2 (IL-4) WT CD25KO CXCR % hucd2 + (IL-4) WT CD25 KO

8 Supplemental Methods ELISAs 5-6 x 1 6 cells from the lungs were plated in a 24 well plate and stimulated with 1µg of Derp1( ) peptide or no Derp1 peptide. All wells received anti-il- 4R (2.5µg/ml) (M1) to block IL-4 consumption as previously described (Fernandez-Botran et al., 1999). Cells were incubated at 37 C for 3 days and supernatants were collected and assayed for IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, and IFN-γ by ELISAs purchased from Ebioscience and performed based on their instructions. Immunofluorescent staining of lungs Lungs from unimmunized or sensitized mice were embedded in OCT and flash frozen. Sections (8µm) were fixed in acetone and then stained with biotinconjugated anti-cd4 (RM4-5; ebioscience), and AlexaFlour488-conjugated anti- CD31 (39; BioLegend). Cy3-conjugated Streptavidin (Jackson Immunoresearch) were used as a secondary antibody. Images were acquired using a Nikon Eclipse 9i microscope and NIS Elements BR (Build 738) software was used for the capture of individual images for each channel. Raw TIFF files were imported in Adobe Photoshop for overlay of single channel images and editing. H&E and PAS staining of lungs

9 Lungs were inflated and fixed with 1% neutral buffered formalin and paraformaldehyde embedded sections were made for H&E and PAS staining of lung sections. PAS slides were scanned in brightfield at 2X magnification using the Hamamatsu NanoZoomer Digital Pathology System. The digital images were then imported into Visiopharm software for quantitative analysis. Using the Visiopharm Image Analysis module, regions of interest (ROIs) around the tissues were automatically detected using the feature HDAB Hematoxylin with a median filter of 7 pixels by 7 pixels. The software converted the initial digital image into grayscale values using two features, H&E - Hematoxylin and H&E - Eosin. Protocols were then developed utilizing the software to label positive mucin staining and the hematoxylin counter stain, using a project specific configuration based on a threshold of pixel values. Images were processed in batch mode using this configuration to generate the desired outputs. The ROIs were sampled at 1 percent. Cell Enrichment and Flow Cytometry Single cell suspensions were stained with Derp1:I-A b tetramer conjugated to APC or PE for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then washed and incubated with anti-apc or PE microbeads (Miltenyi Biotec) for 3 minutes. Tetramer positive cells were enriched as previously described (Moon et al.). If cells were stained with CXCR5 or CCR7 they were added first to the surface stain for 4 minutes at room temperature then the all other surface markers were added on ice for 2 minutes. The following surface stains were used: (purchased from BD Biosciences, Ebioscience, and Biolegend): anti-murine CD4 (BV51, BV65,

10 BV711) (RM4-5), anti-cd8 (PerCP-Cy5.5, BV51, BV65, BV786) (53-6.7), B22 (PerCP-Cy5.5, efluor 45, PE-CF594) (RA3-6B2), anti-cd11b (PerCP-Cy5.5, efluor 45, PE-CF594) (M1/7), anti-cd11c (PerCP-Cy5.5, efluor 45, PE- CF594) (N418), anti-cd44-alexa Fluor 7 (IM7), anti-cxcr5 (PE, PE-Cy7, Biotin) (2G8), anti-pd1 (FITC, PE-Cy7, efluor 45, PE-eFluor 61, BV65) (J43) anti-cd45.1 (APC-eFluor 78, BV65) (A2), anti-cd45.2 (FITC, V5, BV51, PE-eFluor 61) (14), anti-cd69 (FITC, Biotin, BV51, PerCP-Cy5.5, PE) (H1.2F3), anti-ccr7 (Biotin, PerCP-Cy5.5) (4B12), anti-cd62l (FITC, efluor 45, BV65, BV786) (Mel-14), anti-cd25 (FITC, PerCP-Cy5.5, BV51, PEeFluor 61) (PC61), anti-siglec F-PE (E5-244), anti-cd3 (FITC, BV421) (145-2C11), anti-class II- APC (M5/114), anti-ccr4 PE (2G12), anti- CXCR3 PerCP- Cy5.5 (CXCR3-173), anti-ccr6 BV421 (29-2L17), and anti-human CD2-Biotin (RPA-2.1). Biotinylated antibodies were detected with Streptavidin BV65. All cells were run on the LSR II or Canto RUO (BD) and analyzed using FlowJo software (Treestar). Airway Hyper-responsiveness Three days after the last secondary immunization dose some mice were measured for airway hyperresponsivness by methacholine challenge. Briefly, mice were anesthetized with 9mg/kg pentobarbital i.p. and intubated via tracheotomy. The mice are placed on a ventilator and paralyzed with vecuronium (.6 mg/kg). After 5 minutes, the mice are first challenged with PBS and then progressively challenged with methacholine ( mg/ml (PBS), mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml, and 5 mg/ml) and airway resistance is measured. After all

11 measurements are completed mice are euthanized by pentobarbital (9 mg/kg) followed by sternotomy. The percent increase in airway resistance was calculated with the following formula: ((average resistance at 3.125, 12.5, or 5 mg/ml of methacholine average resistance at mg/ml of methacoline, PBS)/(average resistance at mg/ml of methacholine, PBS))*1. Parabiosis surgery Naïve CD C57BL/6J mice and HDM immunized CD C57BL/6J mice were shaved along opposite lateral flanks. Skin was then wiped clean of fur with 7% alcohol prep pads and betadine solution. Mirrored incisions were then made on the lateral aspects of both mice and surgical staples were used to proximate the skin and conjoin the mice. Additionally, 5, vicryl sutures were placed through the olecranon and knee joints to secure the legs. Ten days after surgery, recirculation was assessed in peripheral blood. Conjoined mice were euthanized 16 days after surgery. Statistical Analysis Statistical significance was determined when p <.5 via the two-tailed t test for all experiments. A paired t-test was used to compare WT versus CD25KO cells in individual mixed bone marrow chimeras or peptide stimulated cultures versus unstimulated cells from the same mouse. A Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test was used for parabiosis experiments. Supplemental Figure Legends Figure S1 related to Figure 1. Allergic immunization protocol.

12 A) A previously described immunogenic region of the Der p1 protein (11-131) was tested with two different Derp1:I-A b tetramers ( and ). B) Sensitization and challenge protocol using HDM. The amount of Derp1 protein in the HDM preparation is indicated. Figure S2 related to Figure 2. Derp cytokine production in the lung. Lung cells produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in response to Derp peptide. A) Bar graphs show the average percentage (+/- S.D.) of IL-4 (left) (KN2 mice) and IL-13 (right) (egfp mice) in the lung from CD4 + Derp1 - cells versus CD4 + Derp1 + cells three days post-challenge. The data is the combined average from 2-3 independent experiments (n=5 for IL-4 expression, n=6 for IL-13 expression). (*) indicates significant difference between Derp1 - and Derp1 + cells (p<.5). B ) The bar graphs depict the indicated cytokine production from lung cells that were stimulated with or without 1 µg Derp peptide for three days in culture from mice 5-6 days after sensitization. The data is compiled from 2-3 independent experiments with a total of 3-6 mice. (*) indicates significant difference between cells that were stimulated with Derp1 peptide versus unstimulated cells (p<.5). Figure S3 related to Figure 5. FTY72 treatment protocol. A) Immunization timeline for FTY72 experiments.

13 Figure S4 related to Figure 6. CCR4 and CXCR3 expression on CD4+ Derp1+ six days after primary sensitization. A) The representative contour plots, from 2-4 independent experiments, depict CCR4 and CXCR3 expression from the spleen/lymph nodes (top) or blood (bottom) six days after primary sensitization from CD4 + Derp1 + WT or CD25KO cells in a CD25KO mixed bone marrow chimera. (*)(p<.5) indicates that CCR4 expression is significantly different in WT Derp1 + cells versus CD25KO Derp1 + T cells. In the CXCR3 line graph there are three lines but only two can be seen because two data points were superimposable. Figure S5 related to Figure 6. CD69 expression from Derp1 + CD25KO cells is lower compared to Derp1 + WT cells in the lungs from WT:CD25KO mixed bone marrow chimera mice. The representative contour plots gated on CD4 + Derp1 + T cells of WT or CD25KO origin from the lungs show the levels of CD69 expression. The scatterplot shows the percentage of Thy1.2 - Derp1 + cells from the lungs of WT or CD25KO origin that are CD69 +. (*) (p<.5) indicates that CD4 + Derp1 + T cells in the lung of WT origin have significantly greater expression of CD69 compared to CD25KO CD4 + Derp1 + T cells in the lung. The data in the bar graphs were compiled from 5 independent experiments with a total of 1 mice. Figure S6 related to Figure 6. IL-2 signaling is not required for IL-4 production 6 days after primary sensitization. The KN2 reporter gene was bred onto the CD25KO background and IL-4 (hucd2) expression was compared

14 between WT KN2 cells and CD25KO KN2 cells in a WT KN2 /+: CD25KO KN2/+ mixed bone marrow chimera. Representative contour plots depict IL-4 (hucd2) from CD4 + Derp1 + cells in the spleen/lymph nodes of WT or CD25KO origin. The bar graph is the average (+/- S.D.) IL-4 (hucd2) expression from three independent experiments with a total of 5 mice.