Trends in Mortality From COPD Among Adults in the United States
|
|
- Louise Moody
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 [ Originl Reserch COPD ] Trends in Mortlity From COPD Among Adults in the United Sttes Erl S. Ford, MD, MPH BACKGROUND: COPD imposes lrge public helth burden interntionlly nd in the United Sttes. The objective of this study ws to exmine trends in mortlity from COPD mong US dults from 1968 to METHODS: Dt from the Ntionl Vitl Sttistics System from 1968 to 2011 for dults ged 25 yers were ccessed, nd trends in mortlity rtes were exmined with Joinpoint nlysis. RESULTS: Among ll dults, ge-djusted mortlity rte rose from 29.4 per 100,000 popultion in 1968 to 67.0 per 100,000 popultion in 1999 nd then declined to 63.7 per 100,000 popultion in 2011 (nnul percentge chnge [APC] , 20.2%; 95% CI, 20.6 to 0.2). The gedjusted mortlity rte mong men peked in 1999 nd then declined (APC , 21.1%; 95% CI, 21.4 to 20.7), wheres the ge-djusted mortlity rte mong women incresed from 2000 to 2011, peking in 2008 (APC , 0.4%; 95% CI, ). Despite nrrowing of the sex gp, mortlity rtes in men continued to exceed those in women. Evidence of decline in the APC ws noted for blck men ( , 21.5%; 95% CI, 22.1 to 21.0) nd white men ( , 20.9%; 95% CI, 21.3 to 20.6), dults ged 55 to 64 yers ( , 21.0%; 95% CI, 21.2 to 20.8), nd dults ged 65 to 74 yers ( , 21.2%; 95% CI, 21.6 to 20.9). CONCLUSIONS: In the United Sttes, the mortlity rte from COPD hs declined since 1999 in men nd some ge groups but ppers to be still rising in women, lbeit t reduced pce. CHEST 2015; 148(4): Mnuscript received September 17, 2014; revision ccepted October 22, 2014; originlly published Online First November 20, ABBREVIATIONS: APC 5 nnul percentge chnge; ICD-8 5 Eighth Revision, Interntionl Clssifiction of Diseses, Adpted for Use in the United Sttes; ICD-9 5 Interntionl Clssifiction of Diseses, Ninth Revision; ICD-10 5 Interntionl Clssifiction of Diseses, 10th Revision AFFILIATIONS: From the Division of Popultion Helth, Ntionl Center for Chronic Disese Prevention nd Helth Promotion, Centers for Disese Control nd Prevention, Atlnt, GA. FUNDING/SUPPORT: The uthor hs reported to CHEST tht no funding ws received for this study. CORRESPONDENCE TO: Erl S. Ford, MD, MPH, Centers for Disese Control nd Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F78, Atlnt, GA 30341; e-mil: eford@cdc.gov 2015 AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CHEST PHYSICIANS. Reproduction of this rticle is prohibited without written permission from the Americn College of Chest Physicins. See online for more detils. DOI: /chest Originl Reserch [ 148 # 4 CHEST OCTOBER 2015 ]
2 COPD is mjor source of morbidity nd mortlity interntionlly. 1,2 In 1997, COPD ws predicted to become the third leding cuse of globl deth by 2020, 3 but subsequent nlysis found tht COPD hd become the third leding cuse of globl deth by In the United Sttes, deths from chronic lower respirtory diseses, of which COPD comprises the bulk, rose to become the third leding cuse of deth in In interntionl comprisons, mortlity from COPD in the United Sttes rnks high 5 ; therefore, understnding trends in COPD mortlity is of utmost importnce in formulting pproprite public helth inititives to ese the burden of this disese. A recent report showed tht ge-djusted mortlity from COPD declined substntilly from 1994 to 2010 in the Europen Community nd in most countries. 6 In comprison, the ge-djusted mortlity from COPD in the United Sttes generlly rose from 1970 to 2000 nd then leveled off fterwrd To provide more detiled insights into the trend of the COPD mortlity rte in the United Sttes, ntionl vitl sttistics dt from 1968 to 2011 mong dults ged 25 yers were exmined. Mterils nd Methods Mortlity dt for dults ged 25 yers were obtined from the WONDER (Wide-rnging Online Dt for Epidemiologic Reserch) system developed nd mintined by the Centers for Disese Control nd Prevention. 12 WONDER is n interctive web-bsed tool built with dt from the Ntionl Vitl Sttistics System. Institutionl review bord pprovl ws not required for this nlysis of publiclly vilble dt. Deths with COPD s the underlying cuse of deth were tbulted by using the Eighth Revision, Interntionl Clssifiction of Diseses, Adpted for Use in the United Sttes (ICD-8), codes 490, 491, 492, nd (introduced in 1969) from 1968 to 1978; Interntionl Clssifiction of Diseses, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes 490 to 492; ICD-9 code 496 from 1979 to 1998; nd Interntionl Clssifiction of Diseses, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes J40 to J44 from 1999 to Popultion estimtes produced by the Bureu of the Census in collbortion with the Ntionl Center for Helth Sttistics provided the denomintors needed to clculte rtes for ech yer. Age djustment ws done using the direct method to the projected yer 2000 US popultion. Age-djusted rtes using the following ge-groups were generted for ll dults ged 25 yers, men, women, whites, blcks, other rces, sex by rce groups, nd ge-specific rtes: 25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to 54, 55 to 64, 65 to 74, 75 to 84, nd 85 yers. Trends were nlyzed using the Joinpoint version sttisticl progrm. 13 This progrm identifies yers when the estimted nnul percentge chnge (APC) in the mortlity rte occurs by performing Monte Crlo permuttion test nd proceeds to fit the simplest model with the fewest number of trend segments. 14 The APC is clculted s APC i 5 [(Exp(b i ) 2 1)] 3 100, where b i represents the slope of the period segment. 15 As mny s five trend segments were llowed, nd mortlity rtes were log-trnsformed. Differences in the slopes for djcent trend segments were tested with t tests. Results Overll, the ge-djusted COPD mortlity rte rose stedily from 29.4 per 100,000 popultion in 1968 to 67.0 per 100,000 popultion in 1999 nd then declined grdully to 63.7 per 100,000 popultion in 2011 ( Fig 1 ). The APC ws 3.0% (95% CI, ) from 1968 to 1987, 1.9% (95% CI, ) from 1987 to 2000, nd 20.2% (95% CI, 20.6 to 0.2) from 2000 to 2011 ( Tble 1 ). Thus, there ws decelertion in the ge-djusted mortlity rte during successive periods. The slope for the two ltter periods ws significntly different from tht of ech preceding period. The mortlity rte in 2011 (63.7 per 100,000 popultion) ws 5.0% lower thn in 1999 (67.0 per 100,000 popultion). Among men, the mortlity rte from 1968 (56.4 per 100,000 popultion) to its pek in 1999 (88.2 per 100,000 popultion) incresed by bout 60% nd then decresed by 16.6% by 2011 (73.5 per 100,000 popultion). The APC incresed by 2.1% (95% CI, ) per yer from 1968 to 1985, chnged little from 1985 to 1999 (0.1%; 95% CI, to 0.5), nd decresed by 21.1% (95% CI, to 2 0.7) per yer from 1999 to 2011 ( Tble 1 ). Among women, the ge-djusted mortlity rte from 1968 (9.4 per 100,000 popultion) to its pek in 2008 (59.1 per 100,000 popultion) incresed by 530%. The APC decresed progressively in three successive periods: 7.1% (95% CI, ) from 1968 to 1988, 3.7% (95% CI, ) from 1988 to 2000, nd 0.4% (95% CI, ) from 2000 to 2011 ( Tble 1 ). Nevertheless, the APC in the ltter period ws positive nd significnt, indicting tht rtes my still be rising mong women. Rtes in 1968 were pproximtely sixfold higher in men thn in women, but the gp between men nd women nrrowed substntilly so tht by 2008, the rte in men ws only 1.3 times higher thn in women. The sex difference in rtes reched mximum of 54.4 per 100,000 popultion in 1976 nd declined to 16.2 per 100,000 popultion in The ge-djusted mortlity rtes for blcks, whites, nd dults of rce other thn blck nd white peked in 1999, 2008, nd 1999, respectively, nd were from 3.1% to 19.2% lower in 2011 ( Fig 2 ). Only mong dults of rce other thn blck or white did the APC decrese significntly from 1999 to 2011 ( Tble 1 ). The rtio of journl.publictions.chestnet.org 963
3 Figure 1 Age-djusted COPD mortlity rte mong US dults ged 25 y, United Sttes 1968 to ICD8 5 Eighth Revision, Interntionl Clssifiction of Diseses, Adpted for Use in the United Sttes; ICD9 5 Interntionl Clssifiction of Diseses, Ninth Revision; ICD10 5 Interntionl Clssifiction of Diseses, 10th Revision. rtes in whites to blcks rnged from 1.5 to 1.8 nd did not vry gretly during the study period, but the bsolute difference in ge-djusted rtes incresed from 12.8 per 100,000 popultion in 1970 to 27.3 per 100,000 popultion in The ge-djusted mortlity rtes mong white nd blck men peked in 1999, nd the rte of men of rce other thn blck nd white peked in The mortlity rtes mong white nd blck women peked in 2008, nd the rte of women of rce other thn blck nd white peked in The ge-djusted rtes in whites were substntilly higher thn those in blcks nd dults of rce other thn blck nd white ( Fig 3 ). From 1999 to 2011, significnt decreses in the APC were present mong blck men, white men, nd men of rces other thn blck nd white ( Tble 1 ). In contrst, significnt increses in the APC were noted mong blck nd white women. Among women, the white to blck rtio fluctuted between 1.7 nd 2.3, with no cler trend. In contrst, the white to blck rtio mong men decresed from 1.8 in 1968 to between 1.2 nd 1.3 in 1988 nd beyond. The bsolute difference between white nd blck women incresed from 4.4 per 100,000 popultion in 1968 to 31.1 per 100,000 popultion in 2003, remining high in subsequent yers. In contrst, the bsolute difference in rtes between white nd blck men nrrowed from high of 31.4 per 100,000 popultion in 1975 to 15.6 per 100,000 popultion in The ge-specific mortlity rtes showed powerful grdient: The rte mong dults ged 85 yers ws s much s pproximtely 6,000-fold higher thn mong dults ged 25 to 34 yers nd s much s 700-fold higher thn mong dults ged 35 to 44 yers ( Figs 4, 5 ). The gespecific rtes mong dults ged 25 to 34 yers, 35 to 44 yers, 45 to 54 yers, nd 55 to 64 yers were t their peks in 1969, 1969, 1971, nd 1993, respectively, nd t their lows in 1992, 1990, 1998, nd 2006, respectively. In the three youngest ge-groups, rtes in 2011 were pproximtely 50% higher thn the ones t their ndir. In the older ge-groups, the pttern ws reversed: The lowest rtes mong dults ged 65 to 74 yers, 75 to 84 yers, nd 85 yers occurred during 1968, 1968, nd 1970, respectively, wheres the highest rtes occurred during 1999, 2008, nd 2008, respectively. The APC decresed significntly mong dults ged 35 to 44 yers since 2002, 55 to 64 yers since 1989, nd 65 to 74 yers since 1999 but incresed mong those ged 25 to 34 yers since 1983, 45 to 54 yers since 1998, nd 85 yers since 2001 ( Tble 1 ). Discussion The findings from this study document chnges in the COPD mortlity rte mong US dults ged 25 yers 964 Originl Reserch [ 148 # 4 CHEST OCTOBER 2015 ]
4 TABLE 1 ] APC of Age-Adjusted nd Age-Specific COPD Mortlity Rtes Among US Adults Aged 25 y, 1968 to 2011 Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 Period 5 Group Period APC Period APC Period APC Period APC Period APC Totl (2.7 to 3.4) (1.4 to 2.3) b ( to 0.2) b Women (6.6 to 7.5) (3.2 to 4.3) b (0.0 to 0.9) b Men (1.8 to 2.4) ( to 0.5) b ( to 2 0.7) b Blcks (2.0 to 3.4) ( to 21.4) (1.4 to 2.4) ( to 0.1) b Other ( to 4.6) ( to 17.1) ( to 40.5) (0.6 to 2.0) ( to 2 1.0) b White (2.7 to 3.5) (1.6 to 2.4) b ( to 0.4) b Blck women (6.2 to 7.4) (3.2 to 5.4) b (0.5 to 1.6) b Other women (2.9 to 4.0) ( to 0.2) b White women (6.7 to 7.6) (3.3 to 4.4) b (0.2 to 1.0) b Blck men (3.1 to 3.9) (0.0 to 1.5) b ( to 2 1.0) b Other men (0.9 to 1.7) ( to 2 1.5) b White men (1.7 to 2.4) ( to 0.4) b ( to 2 0.6) b Age-group y ( to 2 6.3) (0.3 to 1.6) b y ( to 16.6) ( to 2 5.8) ( to 0.2) b (5.1 to 9.5) b ( to 2 0.5) b y ( to 2 1.3) (2.4 to 3.4) b y ( to 0.7) (0.7 to 3.2) b ( to 2 0.8) b (Continued) journl.publictions.chestnet.org 965
5 TABLE 1 ] (continued) Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 Period 5 Group Period APC Period APC Period APC Period APC Period APC (0.9 to 1.6) b ( to 2 0.9) b y (2.2 to 2.8) (1.8 to 2.6) b ( to 0.3) b y (4.0 to 4.7) (3.7 to 4.6) b (0.1 to 1.1) b 85 y (5.0 to 6.6) Dt re presented s % (95% CI). APC 5 nnul percentge chnge. P,.05 for APC. b Slope is significntly different from slope of preceding trend segment. over 44-yer period nd illustrte severl points. First, rtes re no longer rising in ll dults. Since 1999, the APC hs decresed significntly in men but is still rising, lbeit t much slower rte, in women. Second, rtes in men continue to exceed those in women, but there hs been substntil nrrowing of the sex gp. Third, rtes in whites re greter thn those in blcks, nd the difference in bsolute rtes between the two groups hs widened, driven by the divergence in rtes mong white nd blck women. Finlly, the trend ptterns differed mrkedly mong the ge-groups. Severl publictions hve described chnges in mortlity from COPD in Europe, Austrli, nd Jpn. 5,6,16 In the Europen Union, the ge-djusted rtes of mortlity from COPD mong dults ged 40 yers from 1994 to 2010 declined continuously in men, with reltively stble rtes seen in women. 6 However, the rte ggregted over 27 countries msked considerble vrition mong countries. The pttern in the United Sttes ws similr to tht in Sweden where the rte in men peked round 2000 before declining nd the rte in women continued to increse but t slower pce during the til end of the study period. In Austrli, the ge-djusted rte in men ged 55 yers incresed shrply from 1965 to 1970 nd strted continuous decline therefter tht ws prticulrly steep from 1988 to In women, however, the ge-djusted rte incresed from 1965 to 1997 before strting moderte decline. In Jpn, the ge-djusted rte of mortlity from COPD in dults ged 40 yers decresed from 71.3 per 100,000 popultion in 1950 to 19.7 per 100,000 popultion in 2004 in men nd from 41.7 to 4.3 per 100,000 popultion in women. 16 Th e current nlysis shows tht the mortlity rte mong men continues to exceed tht in women. A previous nlysis of mortlity dt from 1968 to 1999 in the United Sttes reported nrrowing of the sex gp in mortlity rtes. 8 The current nlysis shows further nrrowing of this gp through Ntionl dt show interesting sex differences in COPD sttistics. Men hve higher mortlity rtes nd higher prevlence of obstructive lung function thn women, yet women re more likely to report hving COPD in surveys. 7,11,17,18 Despite substntil declines in the prevlence of smoking in the United Sttes since 1965, 19 mortlity from COPD hs remined intrctbly high, reflecting the lingering burden of tobcco use from decdes pst nd the long lg period between tobcco use nd its effect on mortlity. 966 Originl Reserch [ 148 # 4 CHEST OCTOBER 2015 ]
6 Figure 2 Age-djusted COPD mortlity rte mong US dults ged 25 y by rce, United Sttes 1968 to See Figure 1 legend for expnsion of bbrevitions. The declining rte in men since 1999 is welcome development, nd given the continuing decline in tobcco use, further declines in the mortlity rte in men cn be nticipted. There is lso suggestion in the dt tht the increse in COPD mortlity in women my be leveling off, but dditionl dt re required to ber this contention out. Furthermore, the ge-specific rtes in dults ged, 65 yers suggest tht future declines in the Figure 3 Age-djusted COPD mortlity rte mong US dults ged 25 y by rce nd sex, United Sttes 1968 to See Figure 1 legend for expnsion of bbrevitions. journl.publictions.chestnet.org 967
7 Figure 4 Age-specific COPD mortlity rte mong US dults ged 25 y, United Sttes 1968 to A, y. B, y. C, y. D, y. E, y. F, 75 y. See Figure 1 legend for expnsion of bbrevitions. rte of COPD mortlity re likely. However, it should be noted tht the yer when the rtes reched minimum generlly occurred during the 1990s (2006 for dults ged yers), nd the rtes mong dults ged 25 to 34 yers nd 45 to 54 yers hve incresed significntly since reching their ndirs. Thus, the mortlity rte in these ge-groups should continue to be crefully monitored. Resons for these pprent increses 968 Originl Reserch [ 148 # 4 CHEST OCTOBER 2015 ]
8 Figure 5 Age-specific COPD mortlity rte mong US dults ged 25 y grphed on log-scle, United Sttes 1968 to See Figure 1 legend for expnsion of bbrevitions. re uncler becuse the prevlence of current smokers hs been declining in ll ge-groups s well s in the 1960 nd 1980 birth cohorts, lthough the downturn for the ltter cohort strted only bout 1 decde go. 20 Becuse tobcco use is the single biggest contributor to the development of COPD, 20 continued public helth efforts to prevent the initition of tobcco use nd smoking cesstion mong those who continue to smoke re needed to further lower the prevlence of tobcco use. Although the prevlence of cigrette smoking mong US dults ws 19.0% in 2011, considerble interstte vrition in the prevlence in 2012 existed, with rnge of 10.6% to 28.6%. 21 These estimtes suggest tht substntil dvnces in reducing the prevlence of current smoking re fesible. Severl limittions of the present nlysis merit considertion. First, the vlidity of COPD codes on deth certifictes is unknown. A few studies in the United Sttes suggest tht deth from COPD is underreported on deth certifictes. 22,23 Second, the study period covered severl Interntionl Clssifiction of Diseses trnsitions, rising the prospect of brupt rtificil chnges in mortlity rtes. The comprbility rtio for Interntionl Clssifiction of Diseses codes 490 nd 491 in ICD-8 nd ICD-9 ws , wheres the comprbility rtio for code 492 ws The comprbility rtio for the ctegory chronic lower respirtory disese for the trnsition from ICD-9 to ICD-10 ws Third, this study, like mny other mortlity studies, exmined only COPD s the underlying cuse of deth. Studies using multiple cuses of deth provide fuller picture of the burden ssocited with COPD. Finlly, seprting out people of Hispnic heritge ws not possible for the entire study period. In conclusion, the ge-djusted COPD mortlity rte peked in 1999 nd hs decresed nonsignificntly since, reflecting significnt decline in men nd significnt increse mong women. Men continue to die t higher rtes thn women, lthough the sex gp hs nrrowed, nd whites die t higher rtes thn blcks, with widening mortlity gp. Although it continues to be sserted tht mortlity from COPD hs been rising, the findings from the present study mke cler tht the COPD mortlity rte mong US dults hs stopped rising nd hs even strted to decline in some demogrphic groups. journl.publictions.chestnet.org 969
9 Acknowledgments Author contributions: E. S. F. hd full ccess to ll of the dt in the study nd tkes responsibility for the integrity of the dt nd the ccurcy of the nlysis, including nd especilly ny dverse effects. E. S. F. contributed to the study concept nd design; dt cquisition, nlysis, nd interprettion; nd mnuscript preprtion. Conflict of interest: None declred. Other contributions : The work ws performed t the Centers for Disese Control nd Prevention. The findings nd conclusions in this rticle re those of the uthor nd do not necessrily represent the officil position of the Centers for Disese Control nd Prevention. References 1. World Helth Orgniztion. Globl Surveillnce, Prevention nd Control of Chronic Respirtory Diseses. Genev, Switzerlnd : World Helth Orgniztion ; Lozno R, Nghvi M, Foremn K, et l. Globl nd regionl mortlity from 235 cuses of deth for 20 ge groups in 1990 nd 2010: systemtic nlysis for the Globl Burden of Disese Study 2010 [published correction ppers in Lncet. 2013;381(9867):628]. Lncet ;380(9859): Murry CJ, Lopez AD. Alterntive projections of mortlity nd disbility by cuse : Globl Burden of Disese Study. Lncet ;349(9064): Miniño AM, Murphy SL, Xu J, Kochnek KD. Deths: finl dt for Ntl Vitl Stt Rep ;59(10): Austrlin Institute of Helth nd Welfre ; Poulos LM, Cooper SJ, Ampon R, Reddel HK, Mrks GB. Mortlity from sthm nd COPD in Austrli. Austrlin Policy Online website. Resource/ihw_mortlityfromsthmnd copdinustrli_ug_2014.pdf. Accessed August 21, López-Cmpos JL, Ruiz-Rmos M, Sorino JB. Mortlity trends in chronic obstructive pulmonry disese in Europe, : Joinpoint regression nlysis. Lncet Respir Med ;2(1): Mnnino DM, Hom DM, Akinbmi LJ, Ford ES, Redd SC. Chronic obstructive pulmonry disese surveillnce United Sttes, MMWR Surveill Summ ;51(6): Kzerouni N, Alverson CJ, Redd SC, Mott JA, Mnnino DM. Sex differences in COPD nd lung cncer mortlity trends United Sttes, J Womens Helth (Lrchmt) ;13(1): Jeml A, Wrd E, Ho Y, Thun M. Trends in the leding cuses of deth in the United Sttes, JAMA ;294(10): Akinbmi LJ, Liu X. Chronic obstructive pulmonry disese mong dults ged 18 nd over in the United Sttes, NCHS Dt Brief ;(63): Ford ES, Croft JB, Mnnino DM, Wheton AG, Zhng X, Giles WH. COPD surveillnce United Sttes, Chest ;144(1): CDC WONDER: compressed mortlity file: underlying cuse-of-deth. Centers for Disese Control nd Prevention website. html. Accessed August 15, Ntionl Cncer Institute, Sttisticl Methodology nd Applictions Brnch, Surveillnce Reserch Progrm. Joinpoint regression progrm. Ntionl Cncer Institute Surveillnce Reserch website. Accessed August 21, Kim HJ, Fy MP, Feuer EJ, Midthune DN. Permuttion tests for Joinpoint regression with pplictions to cncer rtes. Stt Med ;19(3): Ntionl Cncer Institute. Averge nnul percent chnge (AAPC). Ntionl Cncer Institute Surveillnce Reserch website. pc.html. Accessed October 8, Phm TM, Ozs K, Kubo T, et l. Age-period-cohort nlysis of chronic obstructive pulmonry disese mortlity in Jpn, J Epidemiol ; 22 (4): Ford ES, Mnnino DM, Wheton AG, Giles WH, Presley-Cntrell L, Croft JB. Trends in the prevlence of obstructive nd restrictive lung function mong dults in the United Sttes: findings from the Ntionl Helth nd Nutrition Exmintion surveys from to Chest ;143(5): Centers for Disese Control nd Prevention (CDC). Chronic obstructive pulmonry disese mong dults United Sttes, MMWR Morb Mortl Wkly Rep ;61(46): Trends in current cigrette smoking mong high school students nd dults, United Sttes, Centers for Disese Control nd Prevention website. sttistics/tbles/trends/cig_smoking/ index.htm. Accessed My 3, US Deprtment of Helth nd Humn Services. The Helth Consequences of Smoking 50 Yers of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon Generl. Atlnt, GA : US Deprtment of Helth nd Humn Services, Centers for Disese Control nd Prevention, Ntionl Center for Chronic Disese Prevention nd Helth Promotion, Office on Smoking nd Helth ; Prevlence nd trends dt. Centers for Disese Control nd Prevention website. Accessed August 20, Mitchell RS, Wlker SH, Silvers GW, Drt G, Misel JC. The cuses of deth in chronic irwy obstruction. I. The unrelibility of deth certifictes nd routine utopsies. Am Rev Respir Dis ;98(4): Cmilli AE, Robbins DR, Lebowitz MD. Deth certificte reporting of confirmed irwys obstructive disese. Am J Epidemiol ;133(8): US Deprtment of Helth Eduction nd Welfre, Public Helth Service, Office of Helth Reserch Sttistics nd Technology, Ntionl Center for Helth Sttistics. Estimtes of selected comprbility rtios bsed on dul coding of 1976 deth certifictes by the eighth nd ninth revisions of the Interntionl Clssifiction of Diseses. Mon Vitl Stt Rep ;28(suppl 11 ): Anderson RN, Miniño AM, Hoyert DL, Rosenberg HM. Comprbility of cuse of deth between ICD-9 nd ICD-10: preliminry estimtes. Ntl Vitl Stt Rep ;49(2): Originl Reserch [ 148 # 4 CHEST OCTOBER 2015 ]
Community. Profile Yellowstone County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Yellowstone County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl
More informationCommunity. Profile Powell County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Powell County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl Risk
More informationCommunity. Profile Lewis & Clark County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Lewis & Clrk County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl
More informationCommunity. Profile Missoula County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Missoul County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl Risk
More informationCommunity. Profile Big Horn County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Big Horn County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl
More informationCommunity. Profile Anaconda- Deer Lodge County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Ancond- Deer Lodge County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12
More informationCommunity. Profile Carter County. Public Health and Safety Division
Community Helth Profile 2015 Crter County Public Helth nd Sfety Division Tble of Contents Demogrphic Informtion 1 Communicble Disese 3 Chronic Disese 4 Mternl nd Child Helth 10 Mortlity 12 Behviorl Risk
More informationIncreased Relative Mortality in Women With Severe Oxygen-Dependent COPD
CHEST Originl Reserch Incresed Reltive Mortlity in Women With Severe Oxygen-Dependent COPD Mgnus Ekström, MD ; Krl A. Frnklin, MD, PhD ; nd Kerstin E. Ström, MD, PhD COPD Bckground: Although the incidence
More informationReports of cases of AIDS, HIV infection, and HIV/AIDS 1
Reports of cses of AIDS, HIV infection, nd HIV/AIDS 1 The HIV/AIDS Surveillnce Report is published nnully by the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Surveillnce nd Epidemiology, Ntionl Center for HIV, STD,
More informationAppendix J Environmental Justice Populations
Appendix J Environmentl Justice s [This pge intentionlly left blnk] Tble of Contents REFERENCES...J-2 Pge LIST OF TABLES Pge Tble J-1: Demogrphic Overview of Bruinsburg Site Project Are... J-3 Tble J-2:
More informationInvasive Pneumococcal Disease Quarterly Report. July September 2017
Invsive Pneumococcl Disese Qurterly Report July September 2017 Prepred s prt of Ministry of Helth contrct for scientific services by Rebekh Roos Helen Heffernn October 2017 Acknowledgements This report
More informationRisks for All-Cause Mortality: Stratified by Age, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria
Clinicl Prctice: Mini-Review Received: My 20, 2016 Accepted fter revision: December 14, 2016 Published online: Jnury 27, 2017 Risks for All-Cuse Mortlity: Strtified by Age, Estimted Glomerulr Filtrtion
More informationEstimating the impact of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic on mortality in the elderly in Navarre, Spain
Rpid communictions Estimting the impct of the influenz pndemic on mortlity in the elderly in Nvrre, Spin J Cstill (jcstilc@nvrr.es) 1, J Etxeberri 1, E Ardnz 1, Y Floristán 1, R López Escudero 1, M Guevr
More informationUrinary Tract Infection in Men
C H A P T E R 1 9 Urinry Trct Infection in Men Toms L. Griebling, MD Associte Professor & Vice Chir of Urology University of Knss Knss City, Knss Contents INTRODUCTION........................................623
More informationBreast Cancer Statistics, 2013
Brest Cncer Sttistics, 2013 Crol DeSntis, MPH 1 *; Jiemin M, PhD 1 ; Leh Bryn, MPH 1 ; Ahmedin Jeml, DVM, PhD 2 In this rticle, the Americn Cncer Society provides n overview of femle brest cncer sttistics
More informationClinical Study Report Synopsis Drug Substance Naloxegol Study Code D3820C00018 Edition Number 1 Date 01 February 2013 EudraCT Number
EudrCT Number 2012-001531-31 A Phse I, Rndomised, Open-lbel, 3-wy Cross-over Study in Helthy Volunteers to Demonstrte the Bioequivlence of the Nloxegol 25 mg Commercil nd Phse III Formultions nd to Assess
More informationRates of weight change for black and white Americans over a twenty year period
Interntionl Journl of Obesity (2003) 27, 498 504 & 2003 Nture Publishing Group All rights reserved 0307-0565/03 $25.00 www.nture.com/ijo PAPER Rtes of weight chnge for blck nd white Americns over twenty
More informationXII. HIV/AIDS. Knowledge about HIV Transmission and Misconceptions about HIV
XII. HIV/AIDS Knowledge bout HIV Trnsmission nd Misconceptions bout HIV One of the most importnt prerequisites for reducing the rte of HIV infection is ccurte knowledge of how HIV is trnsmitted nd strtegies
More informationDXA: Can It Be Used as a Criterion Reference for Body Fat Measurements in Children?
nture publishing group rticles methods AND techniques DXA: Cn It Be Used s Criterion Reference for Body Ft Mesurements in Children? Romn J. Shypilo 1, Nncy F. Butte 1 nd Kenneth J. Ellis 1 Objective: Dul-energy
More informationEstimated Prevalence and Economic Burden of Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma in the United States
Estimted Prevlence nd Economic Burden of Severe, Uncontrolled Asthm in the United Sttes Cheryl S. Hnkin 1 ; Amy Bronstone 1 ; Zhohui Wng 1 ; Mry Butti-Smll 2 ; Philip O. Buck 2 1 BioMedEcon, Moss Bech,
More informationURINARY incontinence is an important and common
Urinry incontinence in older people in the community: neglected problem? Helen Stoddrt, Jenny Donovn, Elise Whitley, Deborh Shrp nd In Hrvey SUMMARY Bckground: The prevlence nd impct of urinry incontinence
More informationBMI and Mortality: Results From a National Longitudinal Study of Canadian Adults
nture publishing group BMI nd Mortlity: Results From Ntionl Longitudinl Study of Cndin Adults Hether M. Orpn 1, Jen-Mrie Berthelot 2,3, Mrk S. Kpln 4, Dvid H. Feeny 5,6, Bentson McFrlnd 7 nd Nncy A. Ross
More informationCOMMENTS ON THE REPORTED STATISTICS ON NARCOTIC DRUGS
COMMENTS ON THE REPORTED STATISTICS ON NARCOTIC DRUGS Summry The further overll reduction in globl stocks nd in the production of opium confirm the continuing trend towrds the eventul elimintion of the
More informationReport of the Conference on Low Blood
1046 Report of the Conference on Low Blood Cholesterol: Mortlity Associtions Dvid Jcobs, PhD; Henry Blckburn, MD; Millicent Higgins, MD; Dwyne Reed, MD, PhD; Hiroysu Iso, MD; Grdner McMilln, MD, PhD; Jmes
More informationWill All Americans Become Overweight or Obese? Estimating the Progression and Cost of the US Obesity Epidemic
nture publishing group rticles Will All s Become Overweight or Obese? Estimting the Progression nd Cost of the US Obesity Epidemic Youf Wng 1, My A. Beydoun 1, Ln Ling 2, Benjmin Cbllero 1 nd Shiriki K.
More informationSupplementary Online Content
Supplementry Online Content Rieckmnn N, Kronish IM, Shpiro PA, Whng W, Dvidson KW. Serotonin reuptke inhibitor use, depression, nd long-term outcomes fter n cute coronry : prospective cohort study. JAMA
More informationPNEUMOVAX 23 is recommended by the CDC for all your appropriate adult patients at increased risk for pneumococcal disease 1,2 :
PNEUMOVAX 23 is recommended y the CDC for ll your pproprite dult ptients t incresed risk for pneumococcl disese 1,2 : Adults ged
More informationImpact of Pharmacist Intervention on Diabetes Patients in an Ambulatory Setting
Impct of Phrmcist Intervention on Dibetes Ptients in n Ambultory Setting Julie Stding, PhrmD, CDE, Jmie Herrmnn, PhrmD, Ryn Wlters, MS, Chris Destche, PhrmD, nd Aln Chock, PhrmD Dibetes is the seventh-leding
More informationInvasive Pneumococcal Disease Quarterly Report July September 2018
Invsive Pneumococcl Disese Qurterly Report July Septemer Introduction Since 17 Octoer 2008, invsive pneumococcl disese (IPD) hs een notifile to the locl Medicl Officer of Helth under the Helth Act 1956.
More informationPotassium Intake of the U.S. Population
Food Surveys Reserch Group Dietry Dt Brief No. 10 September 2012 Highlights The verge potssium intke of the U.S. popultion 2 yers nd older ws 2640 mg per dy nd intke of the U.S. popultion hs remined reltively
More informationSYNOPSIS Final Abbreviated Clinical Study Report for Study CA ABBREVIATED REPORT
Finl Arevited Clinicl Study Report Nme of Sponsor/Compny: Bristol-Myers Squi Ipilimum Individul Study Tle Referring to the Dossier (For Ntionl Authority Use Only) Nme of Finished Product: Yervoy Nme of
More informationOpioid Use and Survival at the End of Life: A Survey of a Hospice Population
532 Journl of Pin nd Symptom Mngement Vol. 32 No. 6 December 2006 NHPCO Originl Article Opioid Use nd Survivl t the End of Life: A Survey of Hospice Popultion Russell K. Portenoy, MD, Un Sibircev, BA,
More informationAuthors: Ms. Joanne Cassar, Ms. Natasha Sindicich and Dr. Lucy Burns, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales.
ecstsy nd relted drug trends july bulletin Authors: Ms. Jonne Cssr, Ms. Ntsh Sindicich nd Dr. Lucy Burns, Ntionl Drug nd Alcohol Reserch Centre, University of New South Wles. Suggested Cittion: Cssr, J.,
More informationRelation of Tumor Size, Lymph Node Status, and Survival in
Reltion of Tumor Size, Lymph Node Sttus, nd Survivl in 24,74 Brest Cncer Cses CHRISTINE L. CARTER, PHD, MPH,* CAROL ALLEN, PHD,t AND DONALD E. HENSON, MD* Two of the most importnt prognostic indictors
More informationSilicosis Appears Inevitable Among Former Denim Sandblasters A 4-Year Follow-up Study
[ Originl Reserch Occuptionl nd Environmentl Lung Diseses ] Silicosis Appers Inevitble Among Former Denim Sndblsters A 4-Yer Follow-up Study Metin Akgun, MD, FCCP ; Omer Arz, MD ; Elif Yilmzel Ucr, MD
More informationSupplementary Online Content
Supplementry Online Content Zulmn DM, Pl Chee C, Ezeji-Okoye SC, et l. Effect of n intensive outptient progrm to ugment primry cre for high-need Veterns Affirs ptients: rndomized clinicl tril. JAMA Intern
More informationEthnic Disparities in Stroke Recognition in Individuals with Prior Stroke
Reserch Articles Ethnic Disprities in Stroke Recognition in Individuls with Prior Stroke Chrles Ellis, PhD Leonrd E. Egede, MD, MS,c SYNOPSIS Ojective. Studies of stroke wreness suggest tht knowledge of
More informationEffects of physical exercise on working memory and prefrontal cortex function in post-stroke patients
Effects of physicl exercise on working memory nd prefrontl cortex function in post-stroke ptients M Moriy, C Aoki, K Sktni Grdute School of Helth Sciences Reserch, Mjor of Physicl Therpy, TeikyoHeisei
More informationCheckMate 153: Randomized Results of Continuous vs 1-Year Fixed-Duration Nivolumab in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
CheckMte 53: Rndomized Results of Continuous vs -Yer Fixed-Durtion Nivolumb in Ptients With Advnced Non-Smll Cell Lung Cncer Abstrct 297O Spigel DR, McCleod M, Hussein MA, Wterhouse DM, Einhorn L, Horn
More informationEVALUATION OF DIFFERENT COPPER SOURCES AS A GROWTH PROMOTER IN SWINE FINISHING DIETS 1
Swine Dy 2001 Contents EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT COPPER SOURCES AS A GROWTH PROMOTER IN SWINE FINISHING DIETS 1 C. W. Hstd, S. S. Dritz 2, J. L. Nelssen, M. D. Tokch, nd R. D. Goodbnd Summry Two trils were
More informationAnemia in pediatric hemodialysis patients: Results from the 2001 ESRD Clinical Performance Measures Project
Kidney Interntionl, Vol. 64 (2003), pp. 1120 1124 Anemi in peditric hemodilysis ptients: Results from the 2001 ESRD Clinicl Performnce Mesures Project DIANE L. FRANKENFIELD, ALICA M. NEU, BRADLEY A. WARADY,
More informationPresented at the 75 th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, Orlando, FL, March 3-7, 2017 METHODS INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE
Seven-Yer Interim Results from the ESPRIT 10-Yer Postmrketing Surveillnce Registry of Adlimumb for Moderte to Severe Psorisis Frncisco Kerdel, 1 Aln Menter, 2 Jshin J. Wu, 3 Mreike Bereswill, 4 Dilek Arikn,
More informationEstimating the Cost to U.S. Health Departments to Conduct HIV Surveillance
Reserch Articles Estimting the Cost to U.S. Helth Deprtments to Conduct HIV Surveillnce Rm K. Shresth, PhD Stephnie L. Snsom, PhD, MPP, MPH Benjmin T. Lffoon, BS Pul G. Frnhm, PhD R. Luke Shouse, MD Kren
More informationENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY
ENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY VARIATION IN THE DIETARY ENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY Shwn Firbirn, John Ptience, Hnk Clssen nd Ruurd Zijlstr SUMMARY Formultion of commercil pig diets requires n incresing degree
More informationMay 28, Congressional Requesters
United Sttes Government Accountbility Office Wshington, DC 20548 My 28, 2010 Congressionl Requesters Subject: Federl Funds: Fiscl Yers 2002-2009 Obligtions, Disbursements, nd Expenditures for Selected
More informationAssessment of Depression in Multiple Sclerosis. Validity of Including Somatic Items on the Beck Depression Inventory II
Assessment of Depression in Multiple Sclerosis Vlidity of Including Somtic Items on the Beck Depression Inventory II Peggy Crwford, PhD; Noh J. Webster, MA Signs nd symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS)
More informationTrends in antihypertensive and lipidlowering therapy in subjects with type II diabetes: clinical effectiveness or clinical discretion?
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Trends in ntihypertensive nd lipidlowering therpy in subjects with type II dibetes: clinicl effectiveness or clinicl discretion? MC Gulliford, J Chrlton nd R Ltinovic Deprtment of Public
More informationThe Effects of Small Sized Rice Bowl on Carbohydrate Intake and Dietary Patterns in Women with Type 2 Diabetes
Originl Article doi: 10.4093/kdj.2010.34.3.166 pissn 1976-9180 eissn 2093-2650 The Effects of Smll Sized Rice Bowl on Crbohydrte Intke nd Dietry Ptterns in Women with Type 2 Dibetes Hee-Jung Ahn 1, *,
More informationImplications of iron deficiency/anemia on the classification of diabetes using HbA1c
OPEN Cittion: Nutrition & Dibetes (201), e166; doi:10.1038/nutd.201.16 www.nture.com/nutd ORIGINAL ARTICLE Implictions of iron /nemi on the clssifiction of dibetes using SM Attrd 1, AH Herring 2,3, H Wng
More informationUrinary Tract Infection in Women
C H A P T E R 1 8 Urinry Trct Infection in Women Toms L. Griebling, MD Associte Professor & Vice Chir of Urology University of Knss Knss City, Knss Contents INTRODUCTION........................................589
More informationGeographical influence on digit ratio (2D:4D): a case study of Andoni and Ikwerre ethnic groups in Niger delta, Nigeria.
Journl of Applied Biosciences 27: 1736-1741 ISSN 1997 5902 Geogrphicl influence on digit rtio (2D:4D): cse study of Andoni nd Ikwerre ethnic groups in Niger delt, Nigeri. Gwunirem, Isrel U 1 nd Ihemelndu,
More informationStudies of the Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors, Report 14, : An Overview of Cancer and Noncancer Diseases
RADIATION RESEARCH 177, 229 243 (2012) 0033-7587/12 $15.00 Ó2012 by Rdition Reserch Society. All rights of reproduction in ny form reserved. DOI: 10.1667/RR2629.1 Studies of the Mortlity of Atomic Bomb
More informationWSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee (509) ext. 265;
FINAL REPORT WTFRC Project # AH-1-5 WSU Project # 13C-355-3 Project title: PI: Orgniztion: Coopertors: of Sunburn in Apples with RAYNOX Lrry Schrder, Horticulturist WSU Tree Fruit Reserch nd Extension
More informationDifferences in hepatitis B infection rate between ethnic groups in antenatal women in Birmingham, United Kingdom, May 2004 to December 2008
Reserch rticles Differences in heptitis B infection rte between ethnic groups in ntentl women in Birminghm, United Kingdom, My 2004 to December 2008 M Cley (Michel.cley@wrwickshire.nhs.uk) 1, T Fowler
More informationClinical statistics analysis on the characteristics of pneumoconiosis of Chinese miner population
Originl Article Clinicl sttistics nlysis on the chrcteristics of pneumoconiosis of Chinese miner popultion Mei-Fng Wng 1 *, Run-Ze Li 2 *, Ying Li 2, Xue-Qin Cheng 1, Jun Yng 1, Wen Chen 3, Xing-Xing Fn
More informationA Four-System Comparison of Patients With Chronic Illness: The Military Health System, Veterans Health Administration, Medicaid, and Commercial Plans
MILITARY MEDICINE, 174, 9:936, 2009 A Four-System Comprison of Ptients With Chronic Illness: The Militry Helth System, Veterns Helth Administrtion, Medicid, nd Commercil Plns Teres B. Gibson, PhD * ; Todd
More informationProstate cancer is among the most common malignancies
Implictions of Evolving Delivery System Reforms for Prostte Cncer Cre Brent K. Hollenbeck, MD, MS; Mggie J. Bierlein, MS; Smuel R. Kufmn, MS; Lindsey Herrel, MD; Ted A. Skolrus, MD, MPH; Dvid C. Miller,
More informationStaffing Model for Dental Wellness and Readiness
MILITARY MEDICINE, 169, 8:604, 2004 Stffing Model for Dentl Wellness nd Rediness Gurntor: LTC Jeffrey Chffin, DC USA Contributors: COL Lrry G. Rothfuss, DC USA* ; LCDR Scott A. Johnson, NC USN* ; MAJ Stephen
More informationHIV Surveillance in Women. National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD & TB Prevention Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention
HIV Surveillnce in Women Ntionl Center for HIV/AIDS, Virl Heptitis, STD & TB Prevention Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Dignoses of HIV Infection mong Adult nd Adolescent Femles, by Rce/Ethnicity, 2006
More informationExtraction and Some Functional Properties of Protein Extract from Rice Bran
Ksetsrt J. (Nt. Sci.) 40 : 209-214 (2006) Extrction nd Some Functionl Properties of Protein Extrct from Rice Brn Chockchi Theerkulkit*, Siree Chiseri nd Siriwt Mongkolknchnsiri ABSTRACT Rice brn protein
More informationThe Utility of the Elbow Sign in the Diagnosis of OSA
CHEST The Utility of the Elbow Sign in the Dignosis of OSA Originl Reserch Mrk E. Fenton, MD, FCCP ; Kren Hethcote, MD ; Rhond Bryce, MD ; Robert Skomro, MD, FCCP ; John K. Reid, MD, FCCP ; John Gjevre,
More informationInhaled Corticosteroid Is Associated With an Increased Risk of TB in Patients With COPD
CHEST Originl Reserch Inhled Corticosteroid Is Associted With n Incresed Risk of TB in Ptients With COPD Jung-Hyun Kim, MD ; Ji-Soo Prk, MD ; Kyung-Ho Kim, MD ; Hye-Cheol Jeong, MD ; Eun-Kyung Kim, MD
More informationDid introduction of pneumococcal vaccines in the Netherlands decrease the need for respiratory antibiotics in children? Analysis of 2002 to 2013 data
Reserch rticles Did introduction of pneumococcl vccines in the Netherlnds decrese the need for respirtory ntibiotics in children? Anlysis of 2002 to 2013 dt G Gefenite (g.gefenite@lumnus.rug.nl) 1,2, M
More informationChapter II. THE PREVALENCE METHOD John Bongaarts*
Chpter II THE PREVALENCE METHOD John Bongrts* This chpter describes nd pplies new methodology for estimting the fertility impct of contrception obtined through fmily plnning progrmme. This pproch is clled
More informationThere has been little systematic
doi: 10.1377/hlthff.2009.0666 HEALTH AFFAIRS 29, NO. 3 (2010): 398 404 2010 Project HOPE The People-to-People Helth Foundtion, Inc. By Crmen Pierns nd Brry M. Popkin Trends In Sncking Among U.S. Children
More information3.3 Verotoxigenic E. coli
3.3 Verotoxigenic E. coli Summry Number of VTEC cses, 215: 73 Crude incidence rte, 215: 15.9/1, Number of VTEC-ssocited HUS, 215: 22 Number of VTEC cses, 214: 77 Introduction For mny yers, Irelnd hs the
More informationInhaled Corticosteroids and the Risk of Pneumonia in People With Asthma
CHEST Originl Reserch Inhled Corticosteroids nd the Risk of Pneumoni in People With Asthm A Cse-Control Study Trici McKeever, PhD ; Timothy W. Hrrison, MD ; Richrd Hubbrd, MD ; nd Dominick Shw, MD ASTHMA
More informationSummary. Effect evaluation of the Rehabilitation of Drug-Addicted Offenders Act (SOV)
Summry Effect evlution of the Rehbilittion of Drug-Addicted Offenders Act (SOV) The Rehbilittion of Drug-Addicted Offenders Act (SOV) ws lunched on April first 2001. This lw permitted the compulsory plcement
More informationPATTERNS OF FAMILY RESPONSES TO ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO PROBLEMS
Drug nd Alcohol Review 15:171-181, 1996. PATTERNS OF FAMILY RESPONSES TO ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO PROBLEMS Robin Room Addiction Reserch Foundtion 33 Russell St. Toronto, Ontrio M5S 2S1, Cnd ABSTRACT Ptterns
More informationUS Food and Drug Administration-Mandated Trials of Long-Acting b -Agonists Safety in Asthma. Samy Suissa, PhD ; and Amnon Ariel, MD, FCCP
CHEST Commentry US Food nd Drug Administrtion-Mndted Trils of Long-Acting b -Agonists Sfety in Asthm Will We Know the Answer? Smy Suiss, PhD ; nd Amnon Ariel, MD, FCCP For 2 decdes, long-cting b -gonists
More informationMecadox. Improves pig performance in a wide range of health and growing conditions. (Carbadox) Talk With a Phibro Expert:
SWINE (Crbdox) Improves pig performnce in wide rnge of helth nd growing conditions The Advntge Over the yers, medicted feed dditive hs proven to be cost-effective mngement tool for improving pig performnce
More informationTime trends in repeated spirometry in children
Eur Resplr J 199, 6, 55:H559 Time trends in repeted spirometry in children G. Hoek*t, B. Brunekreef* Time trends in repeted spirometry in children. G. Hoek, B. Brunekreef. BSTRCT: In study on cute helth
More informationComparison of three simple methods for the
J. clin. Pth. (1967), 2, 5 Comprison of three simple methods for the ssessment of 'free' thyroid hormone T. M. D. GIMLETTE1 From the Rdio-Isotope Lbortory, St. Thoms's Hospitl, London SYNOPSIS A dilysis
More informationThe diagnosis of autism and Asperger syndrome: findings from a survey of 770 families
The dignosis of utism nd Asperger syndrome: findings from survey of 770 fmilies Ptrici Howlin*, Deprtment of Psychology, St George s Hospitl Medicl School, London; Ann Asghrin, Deprtment of Psychology,
More informationAnalysis of Regulatory of Interrelated Activity of Hepatocyte and Hepatitis B Viruses
Interntionl Journl of Biomedicl Mterils Reserch 8 6(): -7 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijbmr doi:.648/j.ijbmr.86. ISSN: 33-756 (Print) ISSN: 33-7579 (Online) Anlysis of Regultory of Interrelted
More informationA series of recent studies and meta-analyses confirm
Originl Reserch Clinicl Medicine & Reserch Volume 11, Number 4: 210-218 2013 Mrshfield Clinic clinmedres.org Brest nd Prostte Cncer Survivors in Dibetic Cohort: Results from the Living With Dibetes Study
More informationLifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in 8,169 Male Vietnam War Era Veterans
MILITARY MEDICINE, 169, 11:896, 2004 Lifetime nd 12-Month Prevlence of Psychitric Disorders in 8,169 Mle Vietnm Wr Er Veterns Gurntor: Seth A. Eisen, MD Contributors: Seth A. Eisen, MD* ; Kristin H. Griffith,
More informationSingle-Molecule Studies of Unlabelled Full-Length p53 Protein Binding to DNA
Single-Molecule Studies of Unlbelled Full-Length p53 Protein Binding to DNA Philipp Nuttll, 1 Kidn Lee, 2 Pietro Ciccrell, 3 Mrco Crminti, 3 Giorgio Ferrri, 3 Ki- Bum Kim, 2 Tim Albrecht 1* 1 Imperil College
More informationUniversity of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
Lung Cncer Chemotherpy Given Ner the End of Life by Community Oncologists for Advnced Non-Smll Cell Lung Cncer Jose R. Murillo, Jr., Jim Koeller b,c Methodist Hospitl, Houston, Texs, USA; b University
More informationImpact of GP reminders on follow-up of abnormal cervical cytology:
Reserch Bettin Kjær Kristinsen, Berit Andersen, Flemming Bro, Hns Svnholm nd Peter Vedsted Impct of GP reminders on follow-up of bnorml cervicl cytology: before fter study in Dnish generl prctice Abstrct
More informationInput from external experts and manufacturer on the 2 nd draft project plan Stool DNA testing for early detection of colorectal cancer
Input externl experts nd mnufcturer on the 2 nd drft project pln Stool DNA testing for erly detection of colorectl cncer (Project ID:OTJA10) All s nd uthor s replies on the 2nd drft project pln Stool DNA
More informationBody mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and metabolic syndrome as predictors of middle-aged men's health
Originl Article - Sexul Dysfunction/Infertility pissn 2005-6737 eissn 2005-6745 Body mss index, wist-to-hip rtio, nd metbolic syndrome s predictors of middle-ged men's helth Jung Hyun Prk *, In-Chng Cho
More informationSafety and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Sarilumab and Intravenous Tocilizumab in Patients With RA
Sfety nd Tolerbility of Subcutneous Srilumb nd Intrvenous Tocilizumb in Ptients With RA Pul Emery, 1 Jun Rondon, 2 Anju Grg, 3 Hubert vn Hoogstrten, 3 Neil M.H. Grhm, 4 Ming Liu, 4 Nncy Liu, 3 Jnie Prrino,
More informationEffectiveness of Belt Positioning Booster Seats: An Updated Assessment
ARTICLES Effectiveness of Belt Positioning Booster Sets: An Updted Assessment AUTHORS: Kristy B. Arbogst, PhD, Jessic S. Jermkin, DSc, Michel J. Klln, MS, b nd Dennis R. Durbin, MD, MSCE,b Center for Injury
More informationEpidemiology of the Viral Hepatitis-HIV Syndemic in San Francisco: A Collaborative Surveillance Approach
Dt Hrmoniztion nd Registry Mtching Epidemiology of the Virl Heptitis-HIV Syndemic in Sn Frncisco: A Collbortive Surveillnce Approch Meliss A. Snchez, PhD, MA Susn Scheer, PhD, MPH b Sue Shllow, MPH, CACLS
More informationWater traffic accidents, drowning and alcohol in Finland,
C Interntionl Epidemiologic] Assocition 1998 Printed in Gret Britin Interntionl Journl of Epidemiology 1998,27:10381043 Wter trffic ccidents, drowning nd lcohol in Finlnd, 19691995 Philippe Lunett, Antti
More informationLongitudinal Association of Maternal Attempt to Lose Weight During the Postpartum Period and Child Obesity at Age 3 Years
nture publishing group Longitudinl Assocition of Mternl Attempt to Lose Weight During the Postprtum Period nd Child Obesity t Age 3 Yers Kendrin R. Sonneville 1,2, Sheryl L. Rifs-Shimn 3, Emily Oken 3,
More informationFactors influencing help seeking in mentally distressed young adults: a cross-sectional survey
L Biddle, D Gunnell, D Shrp nd J L Donovn Fctors influencing help seeking in mentlly distressed young dults: cross-sectionl survey Lucy Biddle, Dvid Gunnell, Debbie Shrp nd Jenny L Donovn SUMMARY Bckground:
More informationImpact of Positive Nodal Metastases in Patients with Thymic Carcinoma and Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Originl Article Impct of Positive Nodl Metstses in Ptients with Thymic Crcinom nd Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumors Benny Weksler, MD, Anthony Holden, MD, nd Jennifer L. Sullivn, MD Introduction: Thymic crcinoms
More informationWater fl uoridation and dental caries in 5- and 12-year-old children from Canterbury and Wellington
18 10 NEW ZEALAND DENTAL JOURNAL MARCH 004 Wter fl uoridtion nd dentl cries in 5- nd 1-yer-old children from Cnterbury nd Wellington MARTIN LEE AND PETER J DENNISON New Zelnd Dentl Journl 100, No. 1: 10-15;
More informationConsumer perceptions of meat quality and shelf-life in commercially raised broilers compared to organic free range broilers
Consumer perceptions of met qulity nd shelf-life in commercilly rised roilers compred to orgnic free rnge roilers C.Z. ALVARADO 1 *, E. WENGER 2 nd S. F. O KEEFE 3 1 Texs Tech University, Box 42141 Luock,
More informationThe Medium, Not the Message. How Tattoos Correlate With Early Mortality. Henry J. Carson, MD ABSTRACT
The Medium, Not the Messge How Tttoos Correlte With Erly Mortlity Henry J. Crson, MD From Mercy Hospitl, Iow City, IA. Key Words: Tttooing; Autopsy; Forensic sciences; Violence; Suicide; Drug overdose
More informationEmployment Status and Depressive Symptoms in Koreans: Results From a Baseline Survey of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging
Jng, S-N., Cho, S-I., Chng, J., Boo, K., Shin, H-G., Lee, H., & Berkmn, L.F. (2009). Employment sttus nd depressive symptoms in korens: results from bseline survey of the koren longitudinl study of ging.
More informationAn Assessment of Health Status among Medical Research Volunteers Who Served in the Project Whitecoat Program at Fort Detrick, Maryland
MILITARY MEDICINE, 170, 3:183, 2005 An Assessment of Helth Sttus mong Medicl Reserch Volunteers Who Served in the Project Whitecot Progrm t Fort Detrick, Mrylnd Gurntor: COL Phillip R. Pittmn, MC USA Contributors:
More informationphosphatase isoenzyme activity: estimation of
J Clin Pthol 1988;41:202-206 Quntittive method for determining serum lkline phosphtse isoenzyme ctivity: estimtion of intestinl component M J PEAKE, M PEJAKOVIC, G H WHITE From the Deprtment ofbiochemistry
More informationResearch Article Potential Extensions of the US FRAX Algorithm
Journl of Osteoporosis Volume 2012, Article ID 528790, 8 pges doi:10.1155/2012/528790 Reserch Article Potentil Extensions of the US FRAX Algorithm L. Joseph Melton III, 1, 2 Elizbeth J. Atkinson, 3 Sr
More informationUsing Paclobutrazol to Suppress Inflorescence Height of Potted Phalaenopsis Orchids
Using Pcloutrzol to Suppress Inflorescence Height of Potted Phlenopsis Orchids A REPORT SUBMITTED TO FINE AMERICAS Linsey Newton nd Erik Runkle Deprtment of Horticulture Spring 28 Using Pcloutrzol to Suppress
More informationPEOPLE HAVE SHOWN considerable creativity in discovering
358 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Exercisers Achieve Greter Acute Exercise-Induced Mood Enhncement Thn Nonexercisers Mrtin D. Hoffmn, MD, Debi Rufi Hoffmn, MA ABSTRACT. Hoffmn MD, Hoffmn DR. Exercisers chieve greter
More information