ManaGTD FA1303 Sustainable control of Grapevine Trunk Diseases

Transcription

1 ManaGTD FA1303 Sustainable control of Grapevine Trunk Diseases WG1: Pathogen characterization, detection and epidemiology WG Leader: Cecilia Rego Instituto Superior de Agronomia University of Lisbon Lisbon, Portugal Vice-Leader: James Woodhall The Food and Environment Research Agency UK - United Kingdom COST is supported by the EU RTD Framework programme ESF Provides the COST Office through an EC contract.

2 Grapevine Trunk Diseases? Major GT Diseases Black foot disease Diseases caused by Botryosphaeriaceae species Eutypa dieback Petri disease Esca complex Grapevine leaf stripe disease (GLSD) White decay Phomopsis cane leaf spot.. CR Lisboa, 20/02/14 Trunk disease 2

3 Major GT Diseases Black foot disease Diseases caused by Botryosphaeriaceae species Eutypa dieback Petri disease Esca complex Grapevine leaf stripe disease (GLSD) White decay Phomopsis cane leaf spot Major GT Fungi Ilyonectria spp., Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum, Campylocarpon fasciculare, Campyl. pseudofasciculare, Cylindrocladiella spp. Several Botryosphaeriaceae species Eutypa lata, Eutypella spp., Cryptovalsa ampelina Phaeomoniella chlamydospora Phaeoacremonium spp. (11 species) Cadophora luteo-olivaceae Stereum hirsutum Fomitiporia spp. Phomopsis viticola & Phomopsis spp... CR Lisboa, 20/02/14 Trunk disease 3

4 Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTD) are associated with a wide range of Grapevine Trunk Fungi (GTF) Trunk disease CR Lisboa, 20/02/14 4

5 Grapevine Trunk Fungi Etiology Species occur on a wide range of annual and perennial hosts including grapevines and some can survive in soil Strains virulence is very variable David Genetic and virulence diversity CR Lisboa, 20/02/14 5

6 Grapevine Trunk Fungi Etiology morphological characters play a major role in the description of fungal species; although, alone they may be not enough to delimit NEW SPECIES! they have to be supplemented with phylogenetic studies using nucleotide sequences of multiple genes (SSU, ITS, LSU, histone, EF1-α and β-tubulin). Quantification of GTD is also important and required Jacques Plexor multiplex qpcr tool as a way to quantify GTD CR Lisboa, 20/02/14 6

7 For example: Grapevine Trunk Fungi Black foot disease 5 species in the Ilyonectria radicicola-complex, 6 species Ilyonectria macrodidyma-complex, Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum and I. vitis, Isolates belonging to Neonectria mammoidea group 2 species of Campylocarpon: Campyl. fasciculare, Campyl. pseudofasciculare 2 species of Cylindrocladiella: Cyl. parva and Cyl. peruviana More than 15 species have been recognized to be pathogenic on grapevines Botryosphaeriaceae species (Botryosphaeriaceae diseases) Alan Phillips Botryospheriaceae as grapevine pathogens CR Lisboa, 20/02/14 7

8 Grapevine Trunk Fungi Etiology the majority of GTFungi species have a worldwide distribution. Species vary in different countries Erzsebet & Kalman Population structure of fungal pathogen connected to GTD in Hungary CR Lisboa, 20/02/14 8

9 Grapevine Trunk Diseases Variety of Fungi + other microorganisms Grapevine?? Symptoms Environmental factors CR Lisboa, 20/02/14 9

10 Grapevine Trunk Diseases? Symptoms root rot, basal rot, leaf stripe, bud necrosis, shoot dieback, cankers, fruit spot/ rot and vascular discoloration of the wood The majority of the symptoms are not specific! Laura GTDiseases and related symptoms! CR Lisboa, 20/02/14 10

11 Grapevine Trunk Diseases Little information available on : artificial inoculations: Koch s postulates are very difficult to fullfill. symptoms produced with cross inoculation of fungi. interactions with saprophytic or endophytic fungi and with other microorganisms CR Lisboa, 20/02/14 11

12 Grapevine Trunk Diseases Cycles spores More information needed on pathogens life cycles: disease development infection Philippe Life cycle of pathogens inoculum sources spores dissemination occur environmental factors penetration into plants pathogenicity/virulence mechanisms

13 Grapevine Trunk Diseases Epidemiology No information to set up Mathematical models To identify environmental factors involved in the development of GTD To predict the spatial and temporal development of GTD Lucia Epidemiology: assessment of GTD incidence and risk factors in European CR Lisboa, 20/02/14 13

14 ManaGTD FA1303 Sustainable control of Grapevine Trunk Diseases WG1: Pathogen characterization, detection and epidemiology Challenges Working Group 1?

15 1 - Improve understanding of GTD by increasing diseases data collection library of pathogens, inventory of cultures Database European? Global? 20 countries: AT, BG, CH, CZ, DE, GR, ES, FR, HR, HU, Il, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, UK.

16 2 - Develop standard test conditions to determine the virulence of individual GTD pathogens Compare the current protocols and select protocols for each pathogen Database European? Global? 20 countries: AT, BG, CH, CZ, DE, GR, ES, FR, HR, HU, Il, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, UK.

17 3 - Develop a set of diagnostic protocols for identification/detection of GTD Compare the current protocols and select protocols for each pathogen Database European? Global? 20 countries: AT, BG, CH, CZ, DE, GR, ES, FR, HR, HU, Il, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, UK.

18 4 - Characterization of GTD life cycle Gather available data for each GTD pathogen/disease and identify gaps in the knowledge Database 20 countries: AT, BG, CH, CZ, DE, GR, ES, FR, HR, HU, Il, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, UK.

19 5 - Analysis of the recorded data from surveys to identify the key environmental factors Analysis of available data and update it to identify key environmental factors involved in the development of GTD Database 20 countries: AT, BG, CH, CZ, DE, GR, ES, FR, HR, HU, Il, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, UK.

20 6 - Monitoring vineyards to clarify aspects related to inocula reservoirs and dispersal throughout the years in different countries Database 20 countries: AT, BG, CH, CZ, DE, GR, ES, FR, HR, HU, Il, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, UK.

21 Action COST FA 1303 Database Data Publicly available : COST MEMBERS add and edit information GENERAL PUBLIC free consulting 20 countries: AT, BG, CH, CZ, DE, GR, ES, FR, HR, HU, Il, IT, LU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, UK. CR Lisboa, 20/02/14 21

22 Thanks James and Artur Thank you for your attention grapevine trunk disease CR Lisboa, 20/02/14 22