AN EVALUATION OF THE INDOOR/OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND RESPIRATORY HEALTH OF FARMERS LIVING IN RURAL AREAS OF ANHUI PROVINCE, CHINA
|
|
- Camilla Gallagher
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 AN EVALUATION OF THE INDOOR/OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND RESPIRATORY HEALTH OF FARMERS LIVING IN RURAL AREAS OF ANHUI PROVINCE, CHINA X-C Pan 1*, Z Dong 2, L Wang 3 and W Yue 1 1 Dept. of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public health, Beijing, P.R. China 2 Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Bingzhou City, Shandong Province of China 3 Center for Ecological Genetics and Reproductive Health, Peking University ABSTRACT To evaluate the levels of indoor air pollution in rural areas of China and their effects on respiratory health, we monitored the indoor (bedroom and kitchen) and outdoor levels of PM 10, SO 2 and CO in 189 randomly selected households of rural areas, Anhui province, China. We also conducted an investigation of 487 subjects between the ages of years old with a questionnaire. The PM 10 level of indoors air was significantly higher than that outdoors (518±27/287±9µg/m 3, P<0.01), in contrast to the SO 2 level that was lower. We didn t find a significant association to asthma onset with these levels of PM 10 and SO 2 of the indoor air (P>0.05). FVC, FEV1 were closely related with the CO and PM 10 exposure indices in the bedroom (P<0.01). Conclusion: the indoor air pollution in rural areas may come from combustion of fuel in cooking and heating, which has had adverse effects on the respiratory health of the subjects. INDEX TERMS Indoor air pollution, PM 10, Rural area, Respiratory health INTRODUCTION The air pollution of China is currently significantly higher than in most of the world, but it does not appear that outdoor air pollution is a major risk factor for human health. Nowadays most people living in urban areas spend the greater part of their time indoors, where concentrations of many air pollutants are higher than outdoors (Carrer et al., 1997). In fact, exposure to indoor air pollutants may play an important role in affecting the health of the human body. (Infante-Rivard, 1993). Many studies suggest that conditions of poor indoor air quality, such as inadequate ventilation, uncomfortable microclimate or irritant air pollutants, may play an important role as adjuvant factors in the development of various respiratory symptoms. (Viegi et al., 1991). Similar studies in China have scarcely counted indoor air pollution as important and mainly focus on the health effects of ambient air pollution from urban areas, traffic exhaust and occupational exposure. Now, more than 70 percent of China s populations also live in rural areas and some of them have quite poor living conditions, where respiratory diseases are the leading cause of death. The exposure-response relationships at concentrations of hundreds of µg/m 3, which are typical of indoor environments in some developing countries (e.g. China), are relatively unknown, so we need to assess this relation at exposure levels typical of these * Contact author xcpan@bjmu.edu.cn 982
2 settings. Research on the health effects of indoor air pollution in developing countries has been hindered by lack of detailed data about exposure and illness outcomes. In the present study we directly examined the exposure-response relationship between indoor/outdoor air pollution and respiratory symptoms/lung functions in a field study in rural areas of southeast China. METHODS Participants The study field was located in rural areas of four counties, Anhui province of China. It covered more than 30 small towns of this area, consisting of lake, plain, and hill and mountain areas. 189 households (62 from the lake area, 74 from the plains and 53 from the mountain area) were selected randomly to represent various geographic and socioeconomic background of this area. They had similar tribal backgrounds, living habits, and diet. At the same time, about 500 individuals aged from yr. from the study households were by interviewed by questionnaire for their respiratory health conditions. Exposure We did the research in the winter of The level of sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) particles smaller than 10µm in diameterpm 10 and carbon monoxide (CO) indoors were selected as the index of indoor air pollution for the study. We monitored the level of these pollutants in the bedrooms, kitchens, yards and the farmlands of the study households in real time twice a day for two weeks. A Dust-Trak air monitor (Model 8520, TSI Inc.) was used to measure in real time PM 10 concentrations in both indoor and outdoor air, respectively. A portable Infrared monitor (Model 8551,TSI Inc.) was used to monitor the indoor and outdoor CO concentrations, temperature and relative humidity (Schnell RC, 1992). We measured the pollution in actual conditions of use and simultaneously recorded the location and activities of all the household members especially activities such as cooking time that would affect exposure to pollution. We also interviewed household members about household energy use technology and their time-activity patterns. We estimated profiles of exposure for every subject, which accounted for daily and day-to-day variability of exposure and time activity pattern. Health The health questionnaire was based on that of the British Medical Respiratory Committee and revised according to the different status of the study field. It consisted of age, gender, education, occupation, and general health status, living habits, exposure to indoor microenvironment factors, cooking, and smoking, respiratory symptoms and other daily activities. The trained students of a medical college conducted the health survey with the questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Determination and Data analysis The determination of levels of PM 10, SO 2 and CO was taken with standardized procedures. The t-test and X-square test were used for estimates of variances of the pollutants level. Effect size of various factors for respiratory symptoms and lung function were estimated with two models. First, is a linear model with an ordinary least-squares regression of symptoms rates. We accounted for clustering of observations in units of Household. Second, we used a logistic probability model y=f (X β+u): y, X, andβare defined as in the linear model; F=cumulative logistic distribution, F (z)=exp (z) divided by [1+exp (z)]. Because the data for level of indoor air pollution was all belong to un-normal distribution, all data on level of indoor air pollutants 983
3 were analyzed after transforming it into logarithms and showed with geometric mean ± standard deviations. RESULTS 1. General situation for the study group Table 1 contains demographic information for individuals from the 189 study households. It shows that the study group had a similar sex ratio and age, but the education level for the women was significantly much lower then that of the men (P<0.001). Smoking rates for the men were much higher then for the women (P<0.01). Table 1. Demographic information of study group Male Female Total Sex Mean (SD) Age 35.67± ± ±12.62 Education (years) 6.73± ± ±4.4 No. Of smoking The level of indoor/outdoor air pollution and character of exposure in rural area Table.2 contains the level of PM 10, SO 2 and CO in indoor air (bedrooms and kitchens) and outdoor air (yard/farmland). It shows that the level of PM 10 in kitchens was significantly higher then that in bedrooms (P<0.01), implying an association with cooking. The trend of PM 10 levels is in the rural areas is as follows: Kitchen > Bedroom > Yard > Farmland The levels of SO2 and CO were not different significantly between indoors and outdoors. It suggested that PM 10 was a chief indoor air pollutant in rural areas of China. Table 2. The level of PM 10, SO 2 &CO indoors/outdoors (Mean±SD) Kitchen Bedroom Yard Farmland N PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) 518±27* 340±9 287±9 270±10 SO 2 (µg/m 3 ) 12.4± ± ± ±18 CO (mg/m 3 ) 2.0± ± ± ±4.5# *(t-test, P<0.01, kitchen/bedroom) #t-test, P<0.01farmland/yard In the study area, about 80% of the households used only biofuel (wood, charcoal and agricultural residues) and used traditional stoves, which have high emission rates. Most of the households under survey cook three meals per day, of the biofuel users 91% in separate kitchens inside the house, 19% used them in separate kitchens outside the house. The average cooking period in the sample was about two hours. Table.3 shows the level of indoor air pollutants (PM 10, SO 2, CO) at cooking/non-cooking time in kitchens. The results demonstrate that the level of PM 10 was 3-4 times higher during cooking then that during non-cooking time, reaching 40,000µg/m 3 and for CO, the level showed a similar trend. Table 3. Level of indoor air pollutants during cooking and non-cooking time Cooking Non-cooking P N PM 10 (µg/m 3 ) 1251± ±10 <0.001 SO 2 (µg/m 3 ) 13.9± ± CO (mg/m 3 ) 3.0± ±5.5 <0.001 (T-test) 984
4 In order to assess accurately the level of exposure to indoor air pollution, we investigated and recorded the types and times of daily activities of study subjects (time-use patterns), estimating the exposure level to indoor air pollutants combined with the measured concentration (see Table 4). The results showed that the time the women stayed in the kitchen and bedroom was significantly longer then the men (P<0.01); the time they stayed outdoors was not much different. We have also shown in this table that the farmers in this area everyday spent more than 60% of their time indoors such that for the peoples of rural areas, the indoor air quality appears to play an important role in their health. Table 4. the daily time-activity patterns for the subjectshours Male Female t-test P N Bedroom (χ±s) 9.59± ± <0.01 Kitchen (χ±s) 1.36± ± <0.01 Yard (χ±s) 2.44± ± Farmland (χ±s) 0.84± ± Others (χ±s) 8.87± ± < Exposure-response relation between respiratory health and indoor air pollution Table 5 shows the results of our Logistic regression analysis for various factors related to respiratory symptoms (asthma, cough, expectoration) of the study subjects. It reveals that warming with the charcoal stove was associated with asthma attack (P<0.001). The frequency of exposure to pesticides had a positive correlation to expectoration; cleaning indoors was negatively associated with cough (P<0.01). Table 5. the factors associated with asthma, cough and expectoration significantly (Logistic model) Symptoms Variables OR 95% CI P Asthma attack Exposure to pesticides Warming with the charcoal stove <0.001 Expectoration Exposure to pesticides Cough Cleaning indoors (N467) The change of lung function is an important index for the health effects of indoor air pollutants. We took multiple measures of the concentration and time of exposure as indices of exposure, analyzing their association with lung function by Logistic regression models (see Table 6). Table 6. Regression coefficient ( 1000)between Indoors/outdoors exposure indices to PM 10 and the lung function(fvc,fev1, FEV1%) Place FVC (n=324) FEV1 (n=325) FEV1% (n=324) Bedroom -11±6-25±7** -6±1** Kitchen -4±6-2±7-0.5±1 Yard 11±27-2±6 Farmland -37±42-38±48-3±8 985
5 FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in first second FEV1%: percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second to forced vital capacity **: (P<0.01) Table6 shows that after adjusting for some confounding factors (e.g. sex, asthma and smoking), exposure indices to PM 10 in the bedroom had a negative correlation to the level of FEV1 and FEV1% of study subjects (P<0.01). It suggested that exposure to PM 10 indoors has adverse effects on the lung function of the subjects. Table 7 shows that exposure indices to CO in bedrooms also had a negative correlation to the level of FEV1 and FEV1% of study subjects (P<0.01). Table7. Regression coefficient ( 1000)between Indoors/outdoors exposure indices to CO and the lung function(fvc, FEV1, FEV1%) Places FVC (L)(n=314) FEV1 (L) (n=314) FEV1% (n=314) Bedroom -5±2** -7±2** -1.1±0.3** Kitchen -0.4± ± ±0.26 Yard 5±9 4± ±1.8 Farmland -9±8-12±9 1.3±1.7 The results of Logistic regression analysis also revealed that the concentration of indoors air pollutants were not significantly associated with lung functions (P<0.05). DISCUSSION Indoor air pollution in the rural areas and its character Recently in China, more studies concern the relations between urban indoor air pollution and health effects, but there are scarcely any studies about adverse effects of indoor air pollution in less developed rural areas. The results of our study suggest that there is quite serious indoor air pollution in the households of rural areas, with about one third of the bedrooms of the subjects having levels of more than 450µg/m 3 of PM 10. Because most of the households used only biofuels (fuel wood, charcoal and agricultural residues) for cooking and warming the households and no difference has been found about the SO 2 pollution level between the indoor and the outdoor, so it is considered that the PM 10 was the major indoor air pollutant in this rural area. The results also revealed that the indoor air pollution in rural areas of China might mainly come from cooking in the kitchen. The trend of the pollution was as follows: kitchen > bedroom > courtyard. The relations between the indoor air pollution in the rural areas and the human health Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that increased exposure to PM 10 can increase the frequency of respiratory diseases such as asthma, and decrease the pulmonary function of the people. Our study has found that exposure indices to PM 10 in bedrooms were negatively associated with the level of FEV1 and FVC/FEV1 of study subjects (P<0.01), which is consistent with studies of rural communities in the USA (McCurdy SA, 1996). This study also found a significant positive correlation between chronic cough and the frequency of exposure to pesticides (p<0.01). The results revealed that life style and many exposure factors in rural areas are very different from that of the urban areas, which need further research in the future. Many studies reported that short-term exposure to MP 10 could damage the lung 986
6 function, e.g. the vital capacity (Pope CA, et al. 1993), but it was not found in our study that the significant correlation between the lung function and the level of exposure to PM 10 in the kitchen. CONCLUSION We consider that the one cause of the indoor air pollution in the rural areas comes from the combustion of fuel in cooking and warming. There was a positive association between the level of indoor air pollution and the respiratory health of the human body. REFERENCES Carrer P, Alcini D, Cavallo D et al Daily personal exposure to air pollutants of office workers in Milano. In: Proceedings of Healthy Buildings IAQ 97, Woods JE, Grimsrud DT, Boschi N, eds. Washington: pp Infante-Rivard C Childhood asthma and indoor environmental risk factors. Am J Epidemiol. Vol.137: McCurdy SA Respiratory health of California rice farmers. American J of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine. Vol. 153(3): Pope CA Acute effects of PM 10 pollution on pulmonary function of smoker with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Review Respiratory Diseases. Vol. 147: Schnell RC, Allen GA, Hansen ADA. Black carbon aerosol output from a photocopier. Presentation at the 85th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Air & Waste Management Association, Kansas City, MO, June 21 26, Viegi G, Carrozzi L, Paoletti P et al Effect of some indoor environmental factors on respiratory symptoms and lung function in a sample of young nonsmokers in North Italy. Aerobiologia. Vol.7:
Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST R2 Chullasuk
Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology SJST-0-00.R Chullasuk The association between respirable dust exposure and allergic symptoms in the libraries and general offices at Chulalongkorn University,
More informationSongklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. 38 (4), , Jul. - Aug Original Article
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. 38 (4), 407-412, Jul. - Aug. 2016 http://www.sjst.psu.ac.th Original Article The association between respirable dust exposure and allergic symptoms in the libraries and
More informationPEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATES AMONG WOMEN EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT COOKING FUELS IN RURAL INDIA
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATES AMONG WOMEN EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT COOKING FUELS IN RURAL INDIA Sukhsohale D Neelam 1, Narlawar W Uday 2, Thakre S Sushama 1 and Ughade
More informationObjectives. Prevalence of household & individual non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors and outcomes in rural populations
Objectives Prevalence of household & individual non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors and outcomes in rural populations Feasibility of community-based interviews, point-of-care diagnostics and electronic
More informationSilica dust and COPD, is there an association?
Silica dust and COPD, is there an association? K. Ulm Institute for Medical Statistics and Epidemiology University of Technology, Munich Germany 1 Outline: - what is COPD? - some fact about COPD - what
More informationAsthma and air pollution: health effects and prevention
Asthma and air pollution: health effects and prevention FuyuenYip PhD, MPH Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects National Center for Environmental
More informationRisks for respiratory NCDs from exposure to HAP: an overview of the evidence. Dr Nigel Bruce, University of Liverpool, UK
Risks for respiratory NCDs from exposure to HAP: an overview of the evidence Dr Nigel Bruce, University of Liverpool, UK Overview Life course perspective useful Disease risks How may inter-relate over
More informationDiesel Exhaust: Health Effects. Research Needs
Diesel Exhaust: Health Effects and Research Needs Eric Garshick, MD, MOH Assistant Professor of Medicine VA Boston Healthcare System Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Womens Hospital Harvard Medical School
More informationA comparative study of indoor air pollution and its respiratory impacts in Delhi, India
Air Pollution XVIII 287 A comparative study of indoor air pollution and its respiratory impacts in Delhi, India P. Kulshreshtha & M. Khare Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
More informationCOPD and environmental risk factors other than smoking. 14. Summary
COPD and environmental risk factors other than smoking 14. Summary Author : P N Lee Date : 7 th March 2008 1. Objectives and general approach The objective was to obtain a good insight from the available
More informationBiomass fuels are the probable risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural South China
889 CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE Biomass fuels are the probable risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural South China Shengming Liu, Yumin Zhou, Xiaoping Wang, Dali Wang,
More informationLEARNING MODULE #17: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH: ISSUES AND IMPACT
LEARNING MODULE #17: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH: ISSUES AND IMPACT Environmental Health: Issues and Impact Carol Ann Gross-Davis, PhD, MS Adjunct Assistant Professor Drexel University, School of Public Health
More informationCOPD in Non smoker - Evolving NCD
COPD in Non smoker - Evolving NCD Attributable to Indoor airpollution A research Perspective Dr. Padmavathi.R MD PhD Associate Dean PG studies Professor and Head Department of Physiology Sri Ramachandra
More informationExposure to Indoor Biomass Fuel Pollutants and Asthma Prevalence in Southeastern Kentucky: Results From the Burden of Lung Disease (BOLD) Study
University of Kentucky From the SelectedWorks of David M. Mannino September, 2010 Exposure to Indoor Biomass Fuel Pollutants and Asthma Prevalence in Southeastern Kentucky: Results From the Burden of Lung
More informationSmoke gets in your lungs. Assoc Prof Peter Franklin University of Western Australia Environmental Health Directorate, EHD
Smoke gets in your lungs Assoc Prof Peter Franklin University of Western Australia Environmental Health Directorate, EHD Conflict of Interest Conflict of Interest I have an open fireplace Wood smoke is
More informationAssociation of waste-collection employment. symptoms among waste-collection workers
Association of waste-collection employment with the prevalence of respiratory and irritation symptoms among waste-collection workers Kyeongmin Lee The Graduate School of Public Health Yonsei University
More information3.0 Asthma and Respiratory Disease
3. Asthma and Respiratory Disease The air children breathe is an important source of exposure to substances that may potentially harm their health (US EPA 23).Exposures in early childhood when the lungs
More informationCooking And Pneumonia Study (CAPS)
Cooking And Pneumonia Study (CAPS) Deborah Havens, DO MPH 28 January 2017 CAPS trial An advanced cookstove intervention to prevent pneumonia in children under 5 years old in Malawi: a cluster randomized
More informationExercise and Air Pollution
Exercise and Air Pollution Two Major Groups of Air Pollutants Primary From a single source of pollution CO, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, particulants Secondary Result from an interaction
More informationFrequently asked questions about wildfire smoke and public health
PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION http://public.health.oregon.gov Frequently asked questions about wildfire smoke and public health Wildfire smoke Q: Why is wildfire smoke bad for my health? A: Wildfire smoke is
More informationModeling the Built Environment, Indoor Air Quality, and Health: A Systems Science Approach
Modeling the Built Environment, Indoor Air Quality, and Health: A Systems Science Approach M. Patricia Fabian Boston University School of Public Health National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
More informationCOPD in Korea. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine of Hallym University Medical Center Park Yong Bum
COPD in Korea Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine of Hallym University Medical Center Park Yong Bum Mortality Rate 1970-2002, USA JAMA,2005 Global Burden of Disease: COPD WHO & World
More informationIncreased asthma medication use in association with ambient fine and ultrafine particles
Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 691 702 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.02.01402001 Printed in UK all rights reserved Copyright #ERS Journals Ltd 2002 European Respiratory Journal ISSN 0903-1936 Increased asthma medication
More informationUp in Smoke: The Influence of Household Behavior on the Long-Run Impact of Improved Cooking Stoves * Rema Hanna Esther Duflo Michael Greenstone
Up in Smoke: The Influence of Household Behavior on the Long-Run Impact of Improved Cooking Stoves * Rema Hanna Esther Duflo Michael Greenstone WEB APPENDIX NOT FOR PUBLICATION A. Data Collection In this
More informationRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESPIRATORY DISEASES OF SCHOOLCHILDREN AND TOBACCO SMOKE IN HONG KONG AND SRI LANKA
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESPIRATORY DISEASES OF SCHOOLCHILDREN AND TOBACCO SMOKE IN HONG KONG AND SRI LANKA 1 S.H. LEE and W.T. HUNG Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
More information3.0 METHODS. 3.1 Participants
3.0 METHODS 3.1 Participants There were initially twenty participants studied in this experiment. The age range was between 18-50 years of age. The nine workers came from a private landscape company with
More informationClean cookstoves for improving women s health: initial findings from rural Uganda
Clean cookstoves for improving women s health: initial findings from rural Uganda Lila Kumar Khatiwada Initiative for Global Development, University of Notre Dame Abstract Traditionally, households in
More informationAir pollution as a major risk factor for cancer
Air pollution as a major risk factor for cancer Dr Elisabete Weiderpass, MD, PHD Director-elect International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France IARC Hazard Assessment Volume 109 (2016) Outdoor
More informationNepal Cookstove Intervention Trials
Nepal Cookstove Intervention Trials James M. Tielsch, Ph.D. Departments of Global Health George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health CUGH Meeting April 2016 Air Pollution & Health
More informationOutdoor Air Quality: What Child Care Providers Should Know
Outdoor Air Quality: What Child Care Providers Should Know Name: First and Last Position: Child Care Name and Location: STARS Number: (required for STARS credit) Email: print clearly Phone number: Pause
More informationGUIDANCE ON METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT OF FOREST FIRE INDUCED HEALTH EFFECTS
GUIDANCE ON METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT OF FOREST FIRE INDUCED HEALTH EFFECTS David M. Mannino Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects National Center
More informationbaby power PROTECT LITTLE LUNGS What makes baby lungs so incredible, and how can we help keep the air safe for our children?
baby power PROTECT LITTLE LUNGS What makes baby lungs so incredible, and how can we help keep the air safe for our children? BABY S FIRST BREATH Consider a baby s lungs: They are miracles of biological
More informationChris E Ekpenyong, 1 E O Ettebong, 2 E E Akpan, 1 T K Samson, 3 Nyebuk E Daniel 1
Open Access Research Urban city transportation mode and respiratory health effect of air pollution: a cross-sectional study among transit and non-transit workers in Nigeria Chris E Ekpenyong, 1 E O Ettebong,
More informationSGRQ Questionnaire assessing respiratory disease-specific quality of life. Questionnaire assessing general quality of life
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL e-table 1: Outcomes studied in present analysis. Outcome Abbreviation Definition Nature of data, direction indicating adverse effect (continuous only) Clinical outcomes- subjective
More informationIndoor Epidemiological Study: Effects of Pollutant on Respiratory Diseases
Modern Environmental Science and Engineering (ISSN 2333-2581) March 2017, Volume 3, No. 3, pp. 156-161 Doi: 10.15341/mese(2333-2581)/03.03.2017/002 Academic Star Publishing Company, 2017 www.academicstar.us
More informationProductivity losses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a population-based survey.
Online supplement to Productivity losses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a population-based survey. Running head: Productivity losses in COPD. Authors: Marta Erdal, Department of Thoracic Medicine,
More informationAvg PM10. Avg Low Temp
Geography 532 Geography of Environmental Health Dr. Paul Marr Name: Ex 16- Seasonality, Time Delay, and Disease (10 pts) Below are asthma cases per month for the years 1992-1994. The table also includes
More informationAir Quality Burden on Lung Health and Effective Strategies to Improve Indoor Air Quality
Air Quality Burden on Lung Health and Effective Strategies to Improve Indoor Air Quality Maegan Weltzin, PhD Fairbanks Manager 907-891-7451 Maegan.Weltzin@lung.org 1 My Background PhD in Biochemistry and
More informationVI Child Health. Immunisation
VI Child Health Immunisation Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4 is to reduce child mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. Immunisation plays a key part in this goal. Immunisation has saved the
More informationCooking Stoves, Indoor Air Pollution and Respiratory Health in Rural Orissa, India
Cooking Stoves, Indoor Air Pollution and Respiratory Health in Rural Orissa, India December 2007 Esther Duflo, MIT and J-PAL Michael Greenstone, MIT, J-PAL, and Brookings Institution Rema Hanna, NYU Wagner
More informationAcute effects of air pollution on respiratory health of 50±70 yr old adults
Eur Respir J 2000; 15: 700±709 Printed in UK ± all rights reserved Copyright #ERS Journals Ltd 2000 European Respiratory Journal ISSN 0903-1936 Acute effects of air pollution on respiratory health of 50±70
More information11. Healthy Lifestyles, Healthy Environments
11. Healthy Lifestyles, Healthy Environments 144: Body Mass Index (BMI) 146: Childhood Weight Control 148: Exercise 150: Fruit and Vegetable Consumption 152: Seatbelt Use 154: Smoking Status 156: Tobacco
More informationWildfire Smoke and Your Health
Wildfire Smoke and Your Health Frequently Asked Questions about Wildfire Smoke and Public Health Q: Why is wildfire smoke bad for my health? A: Wildfire smoke is a mixture of gases and fine particles from
More informationReduced lung function due to biomass smoke exposure in young adults in rural Nepal
Eur Respir J 2013; 41: 25 30 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00220511 CopyrightßERS 2013 Reduced lung function due to biomass smoke exposure in young adults in rural Nepal Om P. Kurmi*, Graham S. Devereux #, W.
More informationThe Impact of Household Indoor Socioeconomic Factors on the prescence of ARI among children in Nakuru Town, Kenya
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-issn: 239-2402,p- ISSN: 239-2399. Volume 9, Issue 3 Ver. II (Mar. 205), PP 74-78 www.iosrjournals.org The Impact of
More informationWhat are the Human Health Effects of Air Pollution?
What are the Human Health Effects of Air Pollution? Dr. Judy Guernsey Department of Community Health and Epidemiology Dalhousie University Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Labour Outdoor Air Quality
More informationDomestic biomass fuel combustion and chronic bronchitis in two rural Bolivian villages
1004 International Health, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA R Albalak Anthropology A R Frisancho Environmental and Industrial Health G J Keeler University
More informationOnline Data Supplement. Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea: Results of a Population-based Spirometry Survey
Online Data Supplement Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea: Results of a Population-based Spirometry Survey Dong Soon Kim, MD, Young Sam Kim MD, Kee Suk Chung MD, Jung Hyun Chang
More informationTobacco Program Evaluation Group
Tobacco Program Evaluation Group Smoking pollution in gaming venues before and after the Colorado Clean Indoor Air Act Prepared for the State Tobacco Education & Prevention Partnership, Colorado Department
More informationCHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE DEFINITION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common preventable and treatable disease characterized by airflow limitation that is usually progressive
More informationExposure to Indoor Air Pollutants (PM 10, CO 2 And CO) and Respiratory Health Effects among Long Distance Express Bus Drivers
Health and the Environment Journal, 2014, Vol 5 3 pp. 6685 Exposure to Indoor Air Pollutants (PM 10, CO 2 And CO) and Respiratory Health Effects among Long Distance Express Bus Drivers Mohd Firdaus O and
More informationLung Function Among Improved and Traditional Cooking Stove Users
Article ID: WMC001938 2046-1690 Lung Function Among Improved and Traditional Cooking Stove Users Corresponding Author: Mr. Ashish Singh, Reasearch Officer, Environment and Public Health Organization -
More informationAir Quality: What an internist needs to know
Air Quality: What an internist needs to know Robert Paine, M.D. Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine Program for Air Quality, Health and Society February, 2017 October
More informationQuestion 1: What is your diagnosis?
Case study title: Target group: Linked to modules: Outdoor air pollution (Clinical case) Paediatricians, General practitioners, Public health professionals Indoor air pollution, Outdoor air pollution,
More informationA Study on Effect of Cement Dust on Pulmonary Function Test in Construction Workers
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE A Study on Effect of Cement Dust on Pulmonary Function Test in Construction Workers Amey Paranjape Assistant Professor, Department of TB & Chest, B.K.L.Walawalkar Rural Medical
More informationHealth effects of (particulate) air pollution
Health effects of (particulate) air pollution Peter Hoet Ben Nemery Jan Emmerechts Katrien Luyts Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno Dorota Napierska K.U.Leuven Pneumology, Lung Toxicology Air pollution and Health Introduction
More informationEvery day, the average adult breathes about 15,000 to 20,000 litres of air. 1
Every day, the average adult breathes about 15,000 to 20,000 litres of air. 1 Children are uniquely vulnerable to environmental contaminants because, relative to their body size, they breathe in more air
More informationThe Health Effects of Combustion
The Health Effects of Combustion David Christiani, MD, MPH, MS Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health Energy: The Fuel of Life 1 Sources of Energy Renewable Non renewable (US
More informationAssociations between air change rate of the child s bedroom during night and childhood asthma in Shanghai, China: A case-control study
Associations between air change rate of the child s bedroom during night and childhood asthma in Shanghai, China: A case-control study Wei Liu 1, *, Chen Huang 1, Xueying Wang 1, Jiao Cai 1, Li Shen 2,
More informationThe Impact of Indoor Pollution on the Health of under Five Children in Bangladesh
International Research Journal of Environment Sciences ISSN 2319 1414 The Impact of Indoor Pollution on the Health of under Five Children in Bangladesh Rinat Akter 1 and Sanjib Chandra Mandal 2 1 Lecturer
More informationAssociation between Long-term Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution and Mortality in China: a Cohort Study
Association between Long-term Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution and Mortality in China: a Cohort Study Haidong Kan ( 阚海东 ), PhD Fudan University ( 复旦大学 ) A&WMA International Specialty Conference Xi an,
More informationRule 421 Mandatory Episodic Curtailment of Wood and Other Solid Fuel Burning
Rule 421 Mandatory Episodic Curtailment of Wood and Other Solid Fuel Burning Introduction Fine particle pollution exceeds health standards Particle pollution can cause premature death, strokes, heart attacks,
More informationHealth Effects of Fine Particles. Bart Ostro, Ph.D., OEHHA Cal EPA
Health Effects of Fine Particles Bart Ostro, Ph.D., OEHHA Cal EPA PM10 and PM2.5: Size and Composition Fine Coarse Ultra Fine Sulfates Nitrates Ammonia Carbon Lead (HM) Organics Soil Dust Silica Salts
More informationMost relevant sources of indoor particles in children s rooms and respiratory health effects of size-segregated particles
Air Pollution XX 457 Most relevant sources of indoor particles in children s rooms and respiratory health effects of size-segregated particles U. Franck 1, S. Röder 1, U. Schlink 1, M. Borte 2, O. Herbarth
More informationTraffic Air Pollution and Mortality Rate Advancement Periods
American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright 2004 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved Vol. 160, No. 2 Printed in U.S.A. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwh181 Traffic Air Pollution
More informationDELAWARE HEALTHY HOMES SUMMIT Children s Health & The Indoor Environment CLAYTON HALL, UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE NEWARK, DELAWARE
DELAWARE HEALTHY HOMES SUMMIT Children s Health & The Indoor Environment CLAYTON HALL, UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE NEWARK, DELAWARE JUNE 5, 2012 Healthy Homes, Healthy Children, Healthy Future Presentation
More information$9.99 A B r i e f B i t o f I n f o r m a t i o n o n P a r t i c u l a t e s i n Y o u r H o m e This guide provides information and guidance for homeowners on a few indoor particulates to be aware of,
More informationAsthma and Air Pollution
Asthma and Air Pollution Health Effects Workshop Nov. 6, 2008 Joann Held with thanks to: Dave Brown Asthma and Airways Asthma Physiology A chronic disease that affects airways. The inside walls of airways
More informationHe isn t the only airborne particle you have to worry about.
HEALTHY HOME >>> solutions He isn t the only airborne particle you have to worry about. www.carrier.com 1-800-CARRIER A member of the United Technologies Corporation family. Stock Symbol UTX. Carrier Corporation
More informationThe quantitative relationship between visibility and mass concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing
Air Pollution XIV 595 The quantitative relationship between visibility and mass concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing J.-L. Wang 1, Y.-H. Zhang 2, M. Shao 2 & X.-L. Liu 3 1 Institute of Urban Meteorology,
More informationComparative Study of Lung Function Test of Policemen in Traffic Control with those in General Duty
RESEARCH ARTICLE Comparative Study of Lung Function Test of Policemen in Traffic Control with those in General Duty Prashant Patil 1, Girish Thakare 1, Sarika Patil 2 ABSTRACT 1 Department of Physiology,
More informationHealth Benefits of Residential Energy Efficiency. Jonathan Wilson, Director of Research April 3, 2017
Health Benefits of Residential Energy Efficiency Jonathan Wilson, Director of Research April 3, 2017 New Reports Available https://energy.gov/eere/buildings/downloads/home-rx-healthbenefits-home-performance-review-current-evidence
More informationt air pollution Peter Hoet Ben Nemery
Health effects of (particulate) t air pollution Peter Hoet Ben Nemery Tim Nawrot Jan Emmerechts Katrien Luyts Ernesto Alfaro Moreno Dorota Napierska K.U.Leuven Pneumology, Lung Toxicology Air pollution
More informationChallenges of understanding and combating air pollution in Sri Lanka
Challenges of understanding and combating air pollution in Sri Lanka Prof O A Ileperuma University of Peradeniya Sri Lanka CSE/TVEAP Media Briefing Workshop: 27 April 2011 Colombo Challenges of understanding
More informationEpidemiologic studies on health effects of air pollution in Japan
Epidemiologic studies on health effects of air pollution in Japan Masayuki Shima 島正之 Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan 兵庫医科大学 Outlines Air pollution and its health effects in the past Pollution control
More informationINDOOR AIR POLLUTION DUE TO INADEQUATE VENTILATION AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH AMONG CHILDREN OF LESS THAN FIVE YEARS IN EASTERN NEPAL
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION DUE TO INADEQUATE VENTILATION AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH AMONG CHILDREN OF LESS THAN FIVE YEARS IN EASTERN NEPAL Abstract Bijay Thapa and Nitendra Chaurasia Introduction: According to
More informationAsthma and Tobacco: Double Trouble for Wisconsin Adolescents
Asthma and Tobacco: Double Trouble for Wisconsin Adolescents Livia Navon, MS, RD; Beth Fiore, MS; Henry Anderson, MD ABSTRACT Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure has been identified
More informationAir Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Disease in Certain Areas of Korea
J Occup Health 2000; 42: 185 191 Journal of Occupational Health Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Disease in Certain Areas of Korea Belong CHO 1, Jaewook CHOI 2 and Yong-Tae YUM 2 1
More informationThere are many varieties of particulate pollutants in our homes and offices. Ones from outside include industrial
Model: IAQ Indoor PM2.5 -PM2.5 Particulate matter (PM) is a particle pollution, which is produced in a great number of ways that can be classified into either mechanical or chemical processes. Traditionally,
More informationCauses of asthma and allergy in children. Göran Pershagen Institute of Environmental Medicine
Causes of asthma and allergy in children Göran Pershagen Institute of Environmental Medicine Determinants of childhood allergy / asthma Respiratory infections Allergens Micro-biological exposure Male sex
More informationLONG-TERM EFFECTS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE
Brit. J. industr. Med., 1964, 21, 69. LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE EXPOSURE IN PULP MILLS BY INGAR 0. SKALPE From the Medical Department, Drammen Municipal Hospital, Drammen, Norway (RECEIVED FOR
More informationP oor lung function in adulthood is associated with an
199 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE Association between self-reported childhood socioeconomic position and adult lung function: findings from the British Women s Heart and Health Study D A Lawlor, S Ebrahim, G
More informationAsthma Triggers. It is very important for you to find out what your child s asthma triggers are and learn ways to avoid them.
Asthma s It is very important for you to find out what your child s asthma triggers are and learn ways to avoid them. With asthma, your child s airways are very sensitive. Things, called triggers, may
More informationR. Masekela. Paediatric Pulmonologist and Allergist
R. Masekela Paediatric Pulmonologist and Allergist Outline Definitions i i Biomass fuels Atopy Respiratory tract Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) Respiratory tract. HIV Atopy Traffic related air pollutants
More informationTHE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AIR POLLUTIONS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES : STUDY IN THAILAND
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AIR POLLUTIONS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES : STUDY IN THAILAND Anongsin Danpaiboon 1 *, Phongtape Wiwatthadate 2, ChannarongChaisuwan 2,Warungarn Kosawang 3 and Petsawat Kankum 4 1
More informationIndoor Air Quality. Child Health and the Environment in Aboriginal Communities. Safe Environments Programme HECS Alberta Region
Indoor Air Quality Child Health and the Environment in Aboriginal Communities Safe Environments Programme HECS Alberta Region by: Opel Vuzi, BSc. CPHI(C) Overview What is indoor air quality? Why is indoor
More informationRural women and energy issues in Kyrgyzstan: women s initiatives for sustainable development
Empowering Energy Rural women and energy issues in Kyrgyzstan: women s initiatives for sustainable development Olga Djanaeva Rural women s association Alga Kyrgyzstan March 17, 2017 CSW 61, New York Kyrgyzstan
More informationMANAGING COPD AT HOME. Karla Schlichtmann, RRT
MANAGING COPD AT HOME Karla Schlichtmann, RRT Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease. WHAT IS COPD? The airways in your lungs become inflamed and thickens. This results
More informationAir Pollution in Fairbanks. The inside and outside story
Air Pollution in Fairbanks The inside and outside story Pol-lu-tion (definition) The presence or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects. History
More informationInstitute of the Environment
Institute of the Environment Everything we do now matters Southern California Environmental Report Card - Fall 2008 INTRODUCTION Beate Ritz, MD, Ph.D. Michelle Wilhelm, Ph.D. As noted in previous Report
More informationEnvironmental Triggers of Asthma. Gaynor Govias BSc BEd CAI
Environmental Triggers of Asthma Gaynor Govias BSc BEd CAI Environmental Triggers of Asthma Third Edition Gaynor Govias, B. Sc., B. Ed., CAI Gaynor D. Govias Environmental Triggers of Asthma Third edition
More informationChronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease By: Dr. Fatima Makee AL-Hakak () University of kerbala College of nursing Out lines What is the? Overview Causes of Symptoms of What's the difference between and asthma?
More informationAcute and chronic exposure to urban air
Eur Respir J 2009; 34: 316 323 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00138908 CopyrightßERS Journals Ltd 2009 Acute effects of outdoor air pollution on forced expiratory volume in 1 s: a panel study of schoolchildren
More informationIndian Journal of Basic & Applied Medical Research; September 2013: Issue-8, Vol.-2, P
Original article: Study of pulmonary function in different age groups Dr.Geeta J Jagia*,Dr.Lalita Chandan Department of Physiology, Seth GS Medical College, Mumbai, India *Author for correspondence: drgrhegde@gmail.com
More informationPoor indoor air quality: a public health problem
Poor indoor air quality: a public health problem Roberta Savli EU Policy Officer roberta.savli@efanet.org www.efanet.org The European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients Associations (EFA)
More informationClimate Change and our Children s Health
Climate Change and our Children s Health Robert J. Laumbach M.D., M.P.H., C.I.H. Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School March 1, 2014 Not just
More informationAIR POLLUTION AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VISITS FOR DEPRESSION IN EDMONTON, CANADA
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 2007;20(3):241 245 DOI 10.2478/v10001-007-0024-2 AIR POLLUTION AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VISITS FOR DEPRESSION IN EDMONTON, CANADA
More informationAsthma and IAQ. Lani Wheeler, MD, Medical Officer Sarah Merkle, MPH, Program Analyst
Asthma and IAQ Lani Wheeler, MD, Medical Officer Sarah Merkle, MPH, Program Analyst Division of Adolescent and School Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Asthma is a Major Public Health Problem
More informationInternational Journal of Basic and Applied Physiology
Pulmonary Function Tests In Rural Women Exposed To Biomass Fuel Empreet Mangat *, Suchet **, L.S. Dashora ***, Surjit Singh ***, Swati Chouhan **** * MSc. student, ** Associate Professor, *** Professor,
More information