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1 A Disease Process Module After finishing this inservice, you will be able to: Name and describe the three main signs or symptoms of autism. Explain at least three methods used to treat autism. Discuss the importance of early intervention for autistic children. Give at least 2 examples each of how to help clients with Autism overcome challenges with communication, social differences and sensory differences. Demonstrate compassion and competence in your daily work with clients who have Autism In the Know, Inc.

2 The example on this page is just one scenario of how autism can have an effect on someone s life. Keep reading to learn more about autism so that you can help clients like Bill cope with this complex condition.

3 PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified). People with PDD-NOSE have some, but not all, of the symptoms associated with autism. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. ASPERGER S SYNDROME is characterized by symptoms that are very similar to autism. A person with Asperger s will usually have a normal or even high IQ, and no problem using language. AUTISM is diagnosed when the person has difficulties with social relationships, communication and repetitive behavior before the age of 3 years old.

4 It s not an easy task to diagnose autism because there are no medical tests to detect it. Doctors may use several medical tests to rule out other conditions and disorders such as hearing loss, mental retardation and speech problems. To make a diagnosis, doctors must see clear evidence of poor social skills, poor language skills and behavioral issues before age three.

5 No single cause has been determined to lead to autism. Most researchers believe a combination of genetic and environmental factors are responsible for the disorder, such as: Heredity Medical conditions (such as Fragile X syndrome) Environmental factors (such as viral infections, exposure to chemicals) Pregnancy problems (such as harmful substances taken during pregnancy)

6 Most doctors agree on two things: that early intervention is very important, and that most people with autism respond well to highly specialized and structured programs. Earliest Warning Signs of Autism: Not babbling or cooing by 12 months. Not gesturing by 12 months. Not saying single words by 16 months. Not saying two-word phrases on own by 24 months. Loss of any language or social skill at any age.

7 Some autistic adults can work successfully in regular jobs and live on their own. Other autistic adults continue to live at home, are placed in foster homes or live in a skill development home. And, some adults with autism live with other disabled people in group homes or apartments staffed by professionals who help them with basic needs like meal preparation, housekeeping and personal care. According to The Autism Society of America, about one third of all people with autism are able to live and work in the community with some measure of independence.

8 People with autism have the same life expectancy as those without it. That means people with autism will grow old, develop typical ailments of old age and possibly need long term care just like everyone else. So, you may also find that seniors with autism may need home health care, assisted living or nursing home services.

9 There are many types of treatment programs available, including: Behaviorist- based on the reward system. Developmental- change the environment to meet the needs of the child. Non-Standard- Holding Therapy is one example (which is supposed to help the bond between parent and child). Dietary- adding vitamins like B6 and B12 and removing gluten from the diet may be helpful. Complementary- music, art, and animal therapies. Medications- there are many medications that can help with hyperactivity, anxiety and sensory problems.

10 Common Social Behaviors: Likes to be alone. Doesn t respond to his/her name or other verbal prompts. Makes little or no eye contact. Has trouble interacting with other people. May not like to hug or be touched, or may hug or touch inappropriately. May have trouble understanding others feelings or talking about feelings.

11 How You Can Help: Limit the number of caregivers who come in contact with the client. Role model good eye contact. Take baby steps. When a client with autism refuses to participate in activities that involve other people, try allowing the client to spend time in the activity room alone or just with the activity leader. After a few practice trials of this, allow one or two other residents to join. Speak your feelings. If you are happy, sad, or disappointed say it. Labeling your feelings helps the person understand his world much better.

12 Some Communication Problems You May See Include: Learns to speak much later and/or loses the ability to say words or phrases at any age. May not speak at all or may repeat words or phrases without understanding how to use them. Has trouble expressing needs. Mixes up pronouns. Unable to begin a conversation or keep one going. Fails to talk in a normal tone of voice.

13 How You Can Help: Talk to the family to find out the best way to communicate with nonverbal clients. Minimize sensory stimulation in the environment. Use clear, simple directions when giving instructions. People with autism tend to be concrete thinkers. Get straight to the point when speaking with them. Remember, pictures, sign language, word processing and texting are all methods that can be used to communicate.

14 Sensory Problems You May See Include: People with autism tend to either be over-responsive or under-responsive to sensory input. People who are overresponsive tend to eat only foods with certain textures, they startle or cover their ears when a sound is too loud, and they may hate the feeling of clothing on their bodies. People who are underresponsive like things with strong flavors and textures, the love loud music, and they may crash into things or bang their heads to help them feel where their body is in space.

15 How You Can Help: The Sensory Diet is a carefully designed, personalized activity plan that provides the sensory input a person needs to stay focused and organized throughout the day. Each person with autism has a unique set of sensory needs: A person who is over-responsive tends to be high-energy or wired. This person needs more calming sensory activities. The person who is underresponsive may be more sluggish or tired. This person needs more arousing activities.

16 Here are some activities that may be included in a Sensory Diet : Heavy lifting. Push, pull and carry (rake leaves, push heavy objects in a wheelbarrow, etc). Firm Massage. Swing and spin (swing on a hammock, porch swing or use playground swings). Move that body (cartwheels, swimming, jumping jacks). Tactile hobbies (sculpt, sew, weave, crochet or knit). Listen to natural sound recording. Find calming, focusing music.

17 Be consistent! Be literal! Keep it short and simple! Label it! Say what you mean! Quiet down! Dim the lights! Safety first!

18 Despite current evidence showing that there isn t a link between vaccines and autism, a vocal parent group continues to question the safety of childhood vaccinations. What do you think might happen if people choose not to immunize their children? Researchers have known for some time that autism often runs in families. Some studies suggest that if one child is autistic, there s a 5 to 10% chance that any sibling will be autistic. Knowing this, if you had one child with autism, would you have more children? Why or why not? 2016 In the Know, Inc.

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