Index. derm.theclinics.com. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

Transcription

1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A AA. See Alopecia areata. Acrofacial vitiligo presentation of, 135, 136 AD. See Atopic dermatitis. Adaptive immunity and vitiligo, 258 Afamelanotide and vitiligo, 168 AITD. See Autoimmune thyroid disease. Alopecia areata and vitiligo, 120 a-melanocyte stimulating hormone and vitiligo, 261 a-msh. See a-melanocyte stimulating hormone. Antimalarials Atopic dermatitis and vitiligo, 120, 121 Autoimmune disorders and vitiligo, , 246 Autoimmune screening and vitiligo in children, 231 Autoimmune thyroid disease and vitiligo, 117, 120, 123 Autoimmunity and chemical-induced vitiligo, 151, 158 and vitiligo, B Basal cell carcinoma and vitiligo, 129, 131 BB-UVB. See Broadband ultraviolet B. BCC. See Basal cell carcinoma. Biologics, 216 Blaschko lines and segmental vitiligo, 147, 148 Blister graft and vitiligo, 198 Broadband ultraviolet A and phototherapy, 178 Broadband ultraviolet B and phototherapy, 171, 175, 177, 178 and repigmentation, 213 Dermatol Clin 35 (2017) /17 C Calcineurin inhibitors and repigmentation, 214, 215 and vitiligo, 112, 165 Carotinoid and vitiligo, 239 CD. See Celiac disease. Celiac disease and vitiligo, 121, 236 Cellular graft Cellular stress and chemical-induced vitiligo, 156, 158 and vitiligo, Chemical-induced vitiligo, and autoimmunity, 151, 158 and cellular stress, 156, 158 and dyes, 153 and household products, 155 mechanism of, and monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone, 152 and para-phenylenediamine, 153, and phenols, 152, 153, products indirectly implicated in, 153, 154 and rhododendrol, 153, 154, and 4-tert-amylphenol, 152, 153 and 4-tert-butylcatechol, 152, 153 and tyrosine, Chemokines and vitiligo, 258 Clofazimine and vitiligo, 112 Combination therapies and vitiligo, Confettilike lesions and vitiligo, 136 Corticosteroids and vitiligo, 165 Cosmetics and vitiligo, 113 Cryotherapy and depigmentation therapies, 225 Cultured epidermal graft Cultured melanocyte graft CXCL10 and vitiligo, 259, 260 derm.theclinics.com

2 268 Index D Depigmentation and vitiligo, 113, , 142 Depigmentation therapies agents for, 221 candidates for, 219, 220 consent for, 221 and cryotherapy, 225 emerging, 226 inclusion criteria for, 220 indications for, 220 and laser treatment, 225, 226 and 4-methoxyphenol, 225 and monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone, and phenol, 225 physical, 225, 226 protocol for, 224 topical, Depigmentation therapies for vitiligo, Depression and vitiligo, 124, 125 Dermatology Quality of Life Index and vitiligo, 124, 125 Diabetes mellitus and vitiligo, 121 Diet and vitiligo, DQLI. See Dermatology Quality of Life Index Dyes and chemical-induced vitiligo, 153 E EGCG. See Epigaollocalechin-3-galate. Epigaollocalechin-3-galate Erythema and phototherapy, 182, 183, 185 Excimer laser and phototherapy, 175, 176 Eximer laser vs. narrow band ultraviolet B, 176, 177 Eximer light vs. narrow band ultraviolet B, 176, 177 and phototherapy, 176 F Flip-top graft and vitiligo, Fluorouracil and vitiligo, 113 Focal vitiligo presentation of, 135 Folic acid, 112, 236, 237 G Generalized vitiligo presentation of, 135, 136 Genetic linkage studies and vitiligo, 247 Genetic markers for vitiligo, 246 Genetics of vitiligo, Genitals and phototherapy, 179 Genomewide association studies and vitiligo, 246, 247, Ginkgo biloba and vitiligo, 239, 240 Green tea GWAS. See Genomewide association studies. H Hair color and phototherapy, 179 Hair follicle graft and vitiligo, 199 Hair follicles and repigmentation, , 209, Halo nevi and segmental vitiligo, 145, 147, 148 Helicobacter pylori infection and vitiligo, 121, 122 Herbal supplements and vitiligo, 239, 240 HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus. Household products and chemical-induced vitiligo, 155 HSP70i. See Inducible heat shock protein 70. Human immunodeficiency virus infection Human models of repigmentation, 212 Hypopigmentation and vitiligo, , 143 I Immune checkpoints and vitiligo, 261 Immunomodulation Inducible heat shock protein 70 and vitiligo, 259 Inflammatory vitiligo, 136 Innate immunity and vitiligo, 258 Interferon-g and vitiligo, 259, 260

3 Index 269 J JAK. See Janus kinase. JAK-STAT signaling. See Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling. Janus kinase inhibitors and vitiligo, 168 Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling and vitiligo, 260, 261 K Khellin Koebner phenomenon and vitiligo, 136 L Laser treatment and depigmentation therapies, 225, 226 Leukoderma and vitiligo, 108, , 141 Levamisole Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus M Machine calibration and phototherapy, 185 MBEH. See Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone. Medical and maintenance treatments for vitiligo, The medical treatment of vitiligo: An historical review, Melanocyte environment Melanocyte regeneration in vitiligo, Melanocyte stress and vitiligo, 258, 259 Melanogenesis and vitiligo, 258, 261 Melanoma and vitiligo, Methotrexate 4-Methoxyphenol complications of, 225 and depigmentation therapies, 225 Microvascular skin homing and segmental vitiligo, 148 Mini-punch graft and vitiligo, 198 Minocycline Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone and chemical-induced vitiligo, 152 complications of, 224, 225 and depigmentation therapies, Morphea Mouse models of repigmentation, 211, MP. See 4-Methoxyphenol. N Narrow band ultraviolet B vs. eximer laser, 176, 177 vs. eximer light, 176, 177 optimization of, 178 and phototherapy, and repigmentation, 206, 208, 209, NB-UVB. See Narrow band ultraviolet B. Neuronal mechanisms and segmental vitiligo, 148 NMSC. See Non-melanoma skin cancers. Non-melanoma skin cancers and vitiligo, Non-MHC. See Non major histocompatibility complex. Noncultured epidermal melanocyte suspension Noncultured follicular root sheath suspension, 201 Noncultured graft, 201 Non major histocompatibility complex candidate genes and vitiligo, 246, 247 O OMP. See Oral minipulse. Oral minipulse steroid treatment Oxidative stress and vitiligo, , 239, 241, 257, 258 P PA. See Pernicious anemia. Para-phenylenediamine and chemical-induced vitiligo, 153, Pernicious anemia and vitiligo, 121 Phenols

4 270 Index Phenols (continued ) and chemical-induced vitiligo, 152, 153, complications of, 225 and depigmentation therapies, 225 Phenylalanine Phototherapy and activity of vitiligo, 178 adverse effects of, and arrest of repigmentation, 185 and broadband ultraviolet A, 178 and broadband ultraviolet B, 171, 175, 177, 178 in combination with other therapies, comparison of different forms, and darkening of normal skin, 185 and development of new lesions, 185 and disease duration, 179 and distribution of lesions, 179 and enhancement of repigmentation, 183 and erythema, 182, 183, 185 and excimer laser, 175, 176 and eximer light, 176 and failure of compliance, 185 and failure of repigmentation, 185 and genitals, 179 and hair color, 179 history of, 171, 172 and immunomodulation, 183 and induction of stabilization, 183 and machine calibration, 185 and mechanism of action, 172 and melanocyte environment, 183 and melanogenesis, 183 and narrow band ultraviolet B, new developments in, 186 and number of exposures, obstacles of, 185 and oxidative stress, 183 and patient s response to light, 179 protocol for, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A, , and skin phototype, 178, 179 starting dose for, 181, 182 and stopping treatment, 185, 186 and suberythema, 182, 183 and supplying the missing reservoir, and type of vitiligo, 178 and visible light, 178 and vitiligo, 109, 110, 112, , 163, , and Vitiligo Working Group recommendations, 175, , 185, 186 Phototherapy and combination therapies for vitiligo, Phyllanthus emblica and vitiligo, 239 Piperine PL. See Polypodium leucotomos. Polypodium leucotomos PPD. See Para-phenylenediamine. Presentations, signs of activity, and differential diagnosis of vitiligo, Prostaglandins and vitiligo, 168 Pseudocatalase and vitiligo, 113 Psoralen plus ultraviolet A and phototherapy, , and repigmentation, 207, 213, 214 Psoralens and vitiligo, Psoriasis Psychosocial issues of vitiligo in children, 231, 232 Punch biopsies and repigmentation, 212 Punch grafts and repigmentation, 212 PUVA. See Psoralen plus ultraviolet A. Q Quality of life and vitiligo, 124, 125 Quality of life, burden of disease, co-morbidities, and systemic effects in vitiligo patients, R Reactive oxygen species and vitiligo, 235, 236, 239 Repigmentation and afamelanotide, 215 and biologics, 215, 216 and broad band ultraviolet B, 213 and calcineurin inhibitors, 214, 215 and cellular and molecular changes, and hair follicles, , 209, human models of, 212 and janus kinase inhibitors, 215 mouse models of, 211, 212 and narrow band ultraviolet B, 206, 208, 209, patterns of, 206, 207, 185 and psoralen plus ultraviolet A, 207, 213, 214 and punch biopsies, 212 and punch grafts, 212 sequences of, and simvastatin, 215 sources of, 206, 207

5 Index 271 and steroids, 213, 214 vs. treatment-resistant lesions, 209 and vitamin D analogues, 215 and vitiligo, 165, 166 Repigmentation through melanocyte regeneration in vitiligo, Rheumatologic diseases, 123 Rhododendrol and chemical-induced vitiligo, 153, 154, The role of diet and supplements in vitiligo management, ROS. See Reactive oxygen species. S SCC. See Squamous cell carcinoma. Segmental vitiligo, and Blaschko lines, 147, 148 classification of, 146, 147 clinical signs of, 145 and combination etiopathology, 148, 149 distribution pattern of, 146 of the face, 146 and halo nevi, 145, 147, 148 histology of, 147, 148 and immunohistochemical data, 147, 148 and microvascular skin homing, 148 and neuronal mechanisms, 148 pathogenesis of, 148, 149 pathophysiology of, presentation of, 135, and somatic mosaicism, 148 treatment for, 149 of the trunk, 146, 147 Self-esteem and vitiligo, 124 Simvastatin Skin cancer risk (nonmelanoma skin cancers/melanoma) in vitiligo patients, Skin color study of, 108, 109 Skin grafting and vitiligo, Skin phototype and phototherapy, 178, 179 Smash graft and vitiligo, 199 Somatic mosaicism and segmental vitiligo, 148 Special considerations in children with vitiligo, Split-thickness skin graft and vitiligo, 198, 199 Squamous cell carcinoma and vitiligo, 129, 131 Steroids and repigmentation, 213, 214 Suberythema and phototherapy, 182, 183 Sunscreen and vitiligo, 261, 262 Surgical therapies for vitiligo, Susceptibility genes and vitiligo, 248, Systemic steroids T 4-TAP. See 4-Tert-amylphenol. Targeted therapies and vitiligo, 258, TBC. See 4-Tert-butylcatechol. 4-Tert-amylphenol and chemical-induced vitiligo, 152, Tert-butylcatechol and chemical-induced vitiligo, 152, 153 Thyroid disease and vitiligo, 123, 124 Tissue grafting and vitiligo, 198, 199 Topical steroids and vitiligo, 112 Treatment-resistant lesions vs. repigmentation, 209 Trichrome lesions and vitiligo, 136 Tyrosine and chemical-induced vitiligo, U Ultraviolet light and vitiligo, , , V Visible light and phototherapy, 178 Vitamin B12 and vitiligo, 236, 237 Vitamin C and vitiligo, 237, 238 Vitamin D and vitiligo, 165, 238 Vitamin D analogues Vitamin D derivatives and vitiligo, 112, 113 Vitamin E and vitiligo, 238, 239 Vitiligo

6 272 Index Vitiligo (continued ) acrofacial, 135, 136 and adaptive immunity, 258 and afamelanotide, 168 and alopecia areata, 120 and a-melanocyte stimulating hormone, 261 and antimalarials, 111 and atopic dermatitis, 120, 121 and auditory abnormalities, 119, 120 and autoimmune disorders, and autoimmune thyroid disease, 117, 120, 123 and basal cell carcinoma, 129, 131 and blister graft, 198 burden of, 124, 125 and calcineurin inhibitors, 112 and carotinoid, 239 and celiac disease, 121, 236 and cellular graft, 200 and cellular stress, chemical-induced, and chemokines, 258 in children, and clofazimine, 112 and combination therapies, and comorbidities, and confettilike lesions, 136 and corticosteroids, 165 and cosmetics, 113 and cultured epidermal graft, 200 and cultured melanocyte graft, 200 cure for, 113, 114 and CXCL10, 259, 260 and depigmentation, 113 depigmentation therapies for, and depression, 124, 125 and Dermatology Quality of Life Index, 124, 125 and diabetes mellitus, 121 and diet, differential diagnosis of, emerging medical treatments for, 168 emerging treatments for, and environment, 258 and epigaollocalechin-3-galate, 240 and flip-top graft, 199 and 5-fluorouracil, 113 focal, 135 and folic acid, 111, 112, 236, 237 generalized, 135, 136 genetic epidemiology of, 245, 246 and genetic linkage studies, 247 genetic markers for, 246 genetics of, , 257 and genomewide association studies, 246, 247, and Ginkgo biloba, 239, 240 and green tea, 240 and hair follicle graft, 199 and halting disease progression, 164, 165 and Helicobacter pylori infection, 121, 122 and herbal supplements, 239, 240 history of, 107, 108 history of treatment of, and human immunodeficiency virus infection, 122 and immune checkpoints, 261 and inducible heat shock protein 70, 259 inflammatory, 136 and innate immunity, 258 and interferon-g, 259, 260 and JAK-STAT signaling, 260, 261 and janus kinase inhibitors, 168 and khellin, 111 and Koebner phenomenon, 136 laboratory evaluation of, 119 and leukoderma, 108, , 141 and levamisole, 111 and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, 122 and localized depigmentation, and localized hypopigmentation, medical treatments for, 166, 167 and melanocyte regeneration, and melanogenesis, 258, 261 and melanoma, and methotrexate, 164 and mini-punch graft, 198 and minocycline, 164 and morphea, 122 and non-melanoma skin cancers, and non-mhc candidate genes, 246, 247 and noncultured epidermal melanocyte suspension, 200 and noncultured follicular root sheath suspension, 200, 201 and noncultured graft, 200, 201 and ocular abnormalities, 119, 120 and oral minipulse steroid treatment, 164 and oral supplements, oral therapies for, and other autoimmune diseases, 246 and oxidative stress, , 239, 241, 257, 258 pathogenesis of, 251, 257, 258 and patient selection for surgery, 193, 194 and perioperative considerations, and pernicious anemia, 121 and phenylalanine, 111 and phototherapy, 109, 110, 112, , 163, , and Phyllanthus emblica, 239 and piperine, 240 and Polypodium leucotomos, 240 and postoperative care, 201 and postoperative evaluation, 201, 202 and preoperative consultation, 194 preoperative evaluation of, 193, 194 and preoperative work-up, 195

7 Index 273 presentations of, 135, 136 and preventing relapses, 168 and pseudocatalase, 113 and psoralens, and psoriasis, 122 and quality of life, 124, 125 and reactive oxygen species, 235, 236, 239 and reducing melanocyte stress, 258, 259 and regulating autoimmunity, and repigmentation patterns, 206, 207 and repigmentation sources, 206, 207 and repigmentation therapies, 165, 166 and rheumatologic diseases, 122, 123 segmental, 135, and selective sunscreen, 261, 262 and self-esteem, 124 and signs of activity, 136 and skin grafting, and smash graft, 199 social burden of, 108, 113 and split-thickness skin graft, 198, 199 and squamous cell carcinoma, 129, 131 and stimulating melanocyte regeneration, 261, 262 and surgical site dressing, 197, 198 and surgical site preparation, surgical techniques for, surgical therapies for, and susceptibility genes, 248, systemic side effects of, and systemic steroids, 164 and targeted therapies, 258, 259 and thyroid disease, 123, 124 and tissue grafting, 198, 199 and topical calcineurin inhibitors, 165 and topical prostaglandins, 168 and topical steroids, 112 topical therapies for, 112, 113 and topical vitamin D, 165 treatment algorithm for, 167 and trichrome lesions, 136 and ultraviolet light, , , and vitamin B12, 236, 237 and vitamin C, 237, 238 and vitamin D, 238 and vitamin D derivatives, 112, 113 and vitamin E, 238, 239 and white spots, and widespread depigmentation, 142 and widespread hypopigmentation, 142, 143 and Wnt signaling, 261 and zinc, 239 Vitiligo in children and autoimmune screening, 231 classification of, 229 clinical characteristics of, 230, 231 differential diagnosis for, 231 epidemiology of, 229 and laboratory investigations, 231 and predisposing factors, 230 and psychosocial issues, 231, 232 and therapeutic issues, 232 Vitiligo pathogenesis and emerging treatments, Vitiligo Working Group and phototherapy recommendations, 175, , 185, 186 VWG. See Vitiligo Working Group. W White spots study of, 108, 109 and vitiligo, Wnt signaling and vitiligo, 261 Z Zinc and vitiligo, 239