Mind Disorders Unit: Hodgepodge of Stress & Dysfunction. Mr. Mattingly Abnormal Psych

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1 Mind Disorders Unit: Hodgepodge of Stress & Dysfunction Mr. Mattingly Abnormal Psych

2 Video: Batman Unmasked

Mood Disorders: Depression Depression = sad mood or a loss of interest in usual activities Unipolar Disorder (one mood state) Major Depression (4 Symptoms / Minimum of 2 Weeks)

Irritability Major Depression Subtypes: Melancholic = inability to experience pleasure; distinct depression Psychotic = presence of depressing delusions or hallucinations Atypical =

3 Mood Disorders: Depression Depression = sad mood or a loss of interest in usual activities Unipolar Disorder (one mood state) Major Depression (4 Symptoms / Minimum of 2 Weeks) DSM-IV Symptoms of Depression: Physiological - Appetite and Sleep Changes / Psychomotor Retardation Cognitive - Worthlessness / Guilt / Suicidal Thoughts Emotional - Sadness / Irritability Major Depression Subtypes: Melancholic = inability to experience pleasure; distinct depression Psychotic = presence of depressing delusions or hallucinations Atypical = some positive moods, significant weight gain, hypersomnia Postpartum = episodes after four weeks of child delivery (10%) Seasonal Affect Disorder (SAD) = episodes during one season of the year

Lofty Goals or High Self-Esteem Impulsive Behaviors Ill-advised sexual liaisons or spending sprees End Result: Dangerous or

4 Mood Disorders: Bipolar Bipolar Disorder = cycles of manic and depressive disorders Mania = elevated mood with over-enthusiasm feelings and impulsive actions Highs to the Lows DSM-IV Mania Symptoms: Energetic, Elated, Agitated, Talktive Grandiosity, Lofty Goals or High Self-Esteem Impulsive Behaviors Ill-advised sexual liaisons or spending sprees End Result: Dangerous or Reckless Activities Positive Note: Creative or Energetic Individual Posthumously Diagnosed???: Abraham Lincoln and Winston Churchill

5 Video: Psychology of President Lincoln

Mood Disorders: Facts & Theories 16% of Americans will experience an episode of major depression. Highest levels between ages 15-24. Rate increases again with the elderly.

6 Mood Disorders: Facts & Theories 16% of Americans will experience an episode of major depression. Highest levels between ages Rate increases again with the elderly. Women are more likely than men. Depression Theories: Stress leads to depression b/c it reduces positive reinforcers in one s life. Lack of Positive Reinforcers leads to withdrawal Learned Helplessness = Depressed people lack control (Belief of Helpless) Caused by Pessimistic and Gloomy Cognitions Cohort Effect = historical generations are more at risk for a disorder Depression by Age 30: Born Before % / After 1970 (25%) How are social and culture values changing?

7 Somatoform Disorders: Cause??? Somatoform Disorders = physical symptoms, with no organic cause Psychoanalytic Field: Psychological Causes Ex: False Pregnancy Examples of Somatoform Disorders: Conversion Disorder = lose functioning in part of the body Ex: Paralysis or Blindness Hypochondriasis = constantly worry of a physical disease with no evidence Hypochondriac: Frequently seek medical attention Distinctions: Real Perception or Faking? Malingering = deliberately fake symptoms to avoid situations Factitious Disorder = deliberately fake physical illness to gain attention

8 Video Clip: Conversion Disorder

9 Movie Clip: Ricky Bobby & Legs

Can consist of different genders and ages Alter facial expressions, speech and attitudes Dissociative Amnesia = lose memory for important personal facts

10 Dissociative Disorders: Disconnect All of us have mild dissociative experiences. Day Dreaming or Absorbed in a Movie Dissociative Identity Disorder = more than one identity or personality Formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder Can consist of different genders and ages Alter facial expressions, speech and attitudes Dissociative Amnesia = lose memory for important personal facts Typically aware that there are large missing gaps Not Organic Amnesia: Disease, Drug Use or Accidents Anterograde Amnesia = deficit in the ability to remember new information Retrograde Amnesia = deficit in the ability to remember past events

11 Video Clip: Kim Noble & DID

maintain grasp of reality Cluster B: Dramatic-Emotional Uncaring in social relationships Cluster

12 Personality: Way of Acting and Feeling Personality Disorder = pattern of maladaptive behaviors & feelings DSM-IV Personality Disorder Clusters: Cluster A: Odd-Eccentric Show paranoia like schizophrenia but maintain grasp of reality Cluster B: Dramatic-Emotional Uncaring in social relationships Cluster C:Anxious-Fearful Concerned with being criticized or abandoned by others Overlap of Personality Disorders / Difficult to Diagnose

Personality Disorders: PDs Odd-Eccentric: Paranoia Paranoid PD = pervasive and unwarranted mistrust of others Misinterpret or over interpret situations Dramatic-Emotional:

PD = Instability with moods, relationships Splitting = viewing people as all bad or all good Narcissistic PD = arrogant behavior; oblivious to others needs Achieve

13 Personality Disorders: PDs Odd-Eccentric: Paranoia Paranoid PD = pervasive and unwarranted mistrust of others Misinterpret or over interpret situations Dramatic-Emotional: Uncaring Antisocial PD = Ruthless behavior; disregard the rights of others Psychopaths Traits: Superficial Charm / High Self-Worth / Boredom / Lack of Remorse Borderline PD = Instability with moods, relationships Splitting = viewing people as all bad or all good Narcissistic PD = arrogant behavior; oblivious to others needs Achieve Success; Downfall: Greedy Anxious-Fearful: Acceptance Avoidant PD = avoidance of social interaction and relationships Dependent PD = need to be cared for leading to total dependence

14 Video Clip: Mind of a Psychopath

(A Beautiful Mind) DSM-IV s Types of Schizophrenia Paranoid = delusions with themes of persecution or grandiosity

15 Psychosis: What is reality? Psychosis = unable to differentiate between the real and unreal Most Common Psychotic Disorder: Schizophrenia EX: John Nash (A Beautiful Mind) DSM-IV s Types of Schizophrenia Paranoid = delusions with themes of persecution or grandiosity Disorganized = incoherence in cognition, speech, and behavior Catatonic = nearly total unresponsiveness to the environment Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder: Delusions caused by physiological effects of a substance EX: LSD or Peyote

16 Quiz Time: Mind Disorders Quiz #1

17 Childhood Disorders: Behavior Disorders: ADHD Symptom Clusters: Inattention / Hyperactivity / Impulsivity 9.5% U.S. Children Ages 4-17 / 22% Increase (CDC) Conduct Disorder = chronic disregard for others; stealing, lying & violence Elimination Disorders: Enuresis = age 5+ wets bed or clothes twice a week for 3 months 15-20% of 5-year-olds wet the bed once a month Cognitive, Motor and Communication Disorders: Dyslexia = deficits in the ability to read Stuttering = severe problems in word fluency Pervasive Development Disorders: Autism = deficits in social interaction, communication, activities and interests 1:54 Boys / 1:252 Girls / 1:88 U.S. Children (CDC)

18 Visual: ADHD in the United States

19 Video Clip: What Dyslexics See

20 Movie Trailer: King s Speech (2010)

Life Span Disorders: Cognitive Geropsychology = study of psychological disorders in late life 10-20% of 65+ have psychological problems Disorder rate is

Dementia = gradual decline of intellectual functioning Most common cognitive disorder (usually permanent) 50% are Alzheimer's Disease (President Ronald

21 Life Span Disorders: Cognitive Geropsychology = study of psychological disorders in late life 10-20% of 65+ have psychological problems Disorder rate is lower among older people than younger people. Dementia = gradual decline of intellectual functioning Most common cognitive disorder (usually permanent) 50% are Alzheimer's Disease (President Ronald Reagan) Delirium = disorientation, memory loss and cloudy consciousness Sundowning = delirium symptoms get worse at night Elderly are more prone to suffering amnesia. Unlike Dementia or Delirium: Only memory is affected. Often do not realize their memory deficits.

hastening an inevitable death Euthanasia with Serious Illness Ignorers = do not believe death ends their existence (New Life) Ex: Religious Cults

22 Worst Case Behavior: Suicide Types of Suicide: Death... Seekers = clearly and explicitly seek to end their lives Clear Intentions: Write a will / Buy a gun Initiators = clear intentions; believe they are hastening an inevitable death Euthanasia with Serious Illness Ignorers = do not believe death ends their existence (New Life) Ex: Religious Cults Darers = ambivalent about dying; increase chances but it s not a guarantee EX: Swallow handful of pills and call a friend Reasons: Want attention / Want someone to feel guilty America Suicide Rates: 31,000 yearly Men and Boys are four times more likely

Schizophrenia Mixed Results Psychosurgery = removal of part of the brain AKA: Prefrontal

23 Controversial Treatments: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) = induced brain seizures w/ electricity AKA Electric Shock Treatment Volts Introduced in the early 20th century for Schizophrenia Mixed Results Psychosurgery = removal of part of the brain AKA: Prefrontal Lobotomy Introduced in the 1930s JFK s sister Rosemary Causes permanent and severe brain damage affecting behavior

24 Movie Clip: One Flew Over Cuckoo s Nest

25 Quiz Time: Mind Disorders Quiz #2

Mood Disorders. Gross deviation in mood

Mood Disorders. Gross deviation in mood Mood Disorders Gross deviation in mood Depression u Affective: Depressed mood (kids-irritability), or anhedonia for 2 weeks minimum. u Cognitive: worthlessness/ guilt, hopelessness, indecisiveness/ concentration,