The Brain Worksheet Sections 5-7
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1 The Brain Worksheet Sections neuroglia 2. autonomic nervous system 3. sensory neurons 4. oligodendrocytes 5. ascending tracts 6. descending tracts 7. saltatory propagation 8. continuous propagation 9. dura mater 10. cerebellum 11. somatic nervous system 12. hypothalamus 13. medulla oblongata 14. choroid plexus 15. motor neurons A. cover CNS axons with myelin B. carry sensory information to the brain C. occurs along unmyelinated axons D. outermost covering of brain and spinal cord E. production of CSF F. supporting cells G. controls smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat cells H. occurs along myelinated axons I. link between nervous and endocrine systems J. carry motor commands to spinal cord K. efferent division of the PNS L. controls contractions of skeletal muscles M. connects the brain to the spinal cord N. afferent division of the PNS O. maintains muscle tone and posture 16. Identify the three layers of meninges covering the CNS in order from superficial to deep. 17. Identify the three general functions of the meninges. 18. Briefly describe the function/s of cerebrospinal fluid.
2 19. Define an epidural block. During an epidural block, sensory nerve fibers are typically more sensitive to the effects than motor nerve fibers. Since most epidural procedures are in the lower lumbar or sacral regions, explain why this may be useful for women in childbirth. For an idea of where many major nerve fibers are located, look at page Identify the four regions of the brain. For each region, identify any sub-regions that may be present. 21. Describe the physical composition and structure of the cerebrum. Explain why it is beneficial for the cerebrum to have gyri, sulci, and fissures present. 22. Identify the three key depressions or grooves in the cerebrum. Describe the location of each by identifying the regions of the brain that are separated by the division. 23. Sketch a lateral view of the brain. Identify and color the four lobes that are present.
3 24. Specify the motor or sensory areas associated with each lobe of the cerebrum. 25. Identify the structure linking the two cerebral hemispheres together. 26. Contrast the three general ways the brain has been, and still is, mapped. 27. Define hemispheric lateralization. 28. Describe the location and function/s of the Wernicke area. 29. Describe the location and function/s of the Broca area. 30. Describe the importance of the prefrontal cortex. Explain why frustration, tension, and anxiety would originate in this area.
4 31. Contrast the two hemispheres of the brain by identifying functions that are typically associated with activity in each side of the brain. 32. Contrast fact memories & skill memories. 33. Identify where long-term memories are stored in the cerebrum. 34. Identify the function/s of the basal nuclei. Provide at least one example of its action on the body. 35. Identify the function/s of the limbic system. 36. The epithalamus is often talked about in terms of the pineal gland. Identify the primary function of this gland.
5 37. Describe the importance of the thalamus. 38. The hypothalamus plays a number of essential roles in maintaining homeostasis. Identify the main functions this structure performs. 39. Using the substantia nigra of the midbrain as an example, explain how the midbrain is able to regulate motor output from the basal nuclei. Explain how improper functioning could result in the possible appearance of Parkinson disease. 40. Describe the key function/s of the pons. 41. Describe the function/s of the medulla oblongata. 42. Describe the physical structure of the cerebellum. 43. Identify the key function/s of the cerebellum.
6 44. The medulla oblongata is one of the smallest sections of the brain. Explain why damage to it could cause death, whereas similar damage in the cerebrum might go unnoticed. 45. Identify the senses that would be affected by damage to the temporal lobes of the cerebrum. Review 46. Illustrate the voltage of an axon membrane at resting potential that is allowed to proceed through an action potential and return to its resting state. Be sure to label the different steps. 47. Explain why the rate of propagation varies between different types of neurons. 48. At a very general level, place in order the path all nerve impulses would have to take from stimulus to effector.
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