Bellringer: The central nervous system is comprised of: What is the name of the outermost layer of the brain? a. Brain. b.

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1 Bellringer: The central is comprised of: a. Brain b. Spinal cord c. Sensory receptors d. Both a and b What is the name of the outermost layer of the brain? a. Pia mater b. Dura mater c. Arachnoid d. Pons 1

2 3.01 Remember the structures of the

3 Essential Question What are the structures of the? 3

4 Introduction: Structures of the 4

5 Cellular structures of the nervous system Neuron- a nerve cell Extensions of the neuron Dendrites - many Axon - one 5

6 Cellular structures of the nervous system Neuron- a nerve cell Myelin sheath - a special covering of the axon Synapse the space between neurons 6

7 Central nervous system Brain Meninges Spinal cord 7

8 Peripheral nervous system Nerves Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Sensory receptors 8

9 central : BRAIN 9

10 central : BRAIN Cerebrum largest part of the brain Divided into two hemispheres (right and left) Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe 10

11 central : BRAIN Diencephalon Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain Structures Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal body Pituitary gland 11

12 central : BRAIN Diencephalon Thalamus spherical mass of gray matter; deep in the cerebral hemispheres Hypothalamus lies below the thalamus; part of the limbic system Pineal body endocrine system gland Pituitary gland endocrine system gland 12

13 central : BRAIN Limbic system Located in the center of the brain Encircles the top of the brain stem. Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.) 13

14 central : BRAIN Cerebellum located behind the pons and below the cerebrum. Second largest part of the brain/coordinates balance and walking Consists of 2 hemispheres Right and left 14

15 central : BRAIN Brain stem Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata 15

16 central : BRAIN Meninges tough fluid-containing membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord Dura mater Outermost layer Arachnoid Subdural space fluid-filled space between the dura mater and the arachnoid Middle layer Pia mater Subarachnoid space space beneath the arachnoid and above the pia mater (contains CSF) Innermost layer 16

17 central : BRAIN Ventricles 4 lined cavities deep within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid [CSF](serves as a liquid shock absorber to protect the brain) Choroid plexus rich network of blood vessels/helps in the formation of CSF 17

18 Bellringer: Which cranial nerve controls your sense of smell? a. 1 (Olfactory) b. 4 (Trochlear) c. 2 (Optic) d. 10 (Vagus) Which part of the regulates the activities of the visceral organs? a. Central b. Autonomic c. Somatic d. Spinal cord 18

19 central : Spinal Cord Surrounded by the vertebrae, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid Extends down the spinal column to the 2 nd lumbar vertebrae Lumbar puncture removal of CSF for diagnostic purposes 19

20 peripheral : Peripheral 12 cranial nerves Begin in the brain Designated by number and name 31 pairs of spinal nerves Originate at the spinal cord and go through openings in the vertebrae Named in relation to their location on the spinal cord 20

21 peripheral I. Olfactory - smell II. Optic - vision III. Oculomotor - eyelid and eyeball movement IV. Trochlear turns eye downward and laterally V. Trigeminal face and mouth touch, chewing VI. Abducens turns eye laterally VII. Facial most facial expressions, secretion of tears and saliva, taste VIII. Vestibulocochlear - hearing, equilibrium, sensation IX. Glossopharyngeal taste, senses carotid blood pressure X. Vagus senses aortic blood pressure, slows HR, stimulates digestive organs, taste XI. Accessory controls swallowing movements XII. Hypoglossal movement of tongue muscles 21

22 peripheral Peripheral 31 pairs of spinal nerves 22

23 peripheral Motor system Autonomic Sympathetic Parasympathetic Somatic nervous system 23

24 peripheral Autonomic Sympathetic Extends from the base of the brain, along both sides of the spinal column These nerves connect to all internal organs Parasympathetic The vagus nerve connects the medulla with organs of the upper body The pelvic nerve emerges from the spinal cord and connects with the organs of the lower body 24

25 peripheral Somatic These nerves are located along the spinal cord. Connect skeleton, muscles and joints to the brain. 25

26 26

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