Construction of the Visual Image
|
|
|
- Caroline Lester
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Construction of the Visual Image Anne L. van de Ven 8 Sept 2003 BioE 492/592 Sensory Neuroengineering Lecture 3
2 Visual Perception Light Photoreceptors Interneurons Visual Processing Ganglion Neurons Optic Nerve Visual Cortex Visual Processing
3 Outline Anatomy of the eye Structure & function of photoreceptors Mechanism of photo-transduction Visual processing in the retina Photoreceptors Interneurons Ganglion neurons Global view
4 Image Acquisition Cornea Lens Optic nerve Retina Cones Rods
5 Anatomy of the Retina Light Ganglion Neuron Amacrine Cell Bipolar Cell Horizontal Cell Rod Cone Pigment Epithelium
6 Photoreceptor Structure & Function Rods detect dim light Cones mediate color vision Cones provide better spatial and temporal resolution
7 Light is absorbed by visual pigments in the photoreceptors Opsin Retinal Rhodopsin
8 Folding of the plasma membrane creates a high surface area 10 8 rhodopsin molecules / cell
9 Phototransduction Mechanism 11-cis rhodopsin Light hyperpolarization of photoreceptor all-trans rhodopsin closure of cgmp-gated Na + channels all-trans retinal opsin active G-proteins phosphodiesterase GMP Why an inhibitory reaction? - SPEED!! cgmp
10 Graded changes in receptor potential are conveyed to ganglion cells Light Ganglion neuron Interneurons Rod Cone Photoreceptors continuously release glutamate Hyperpolarization reduces glutamate release Glutamate levels influence the potential of interneurons Interneurons modulate ganglion neuron activity
11 Processing of the visual image starts in the retina Photoreceptors are specialized filters Interneurons combine signals from multiple photoreceptors Different classes of ganglion cells carry different information
12 Photoreceptors are specialized filters RODS CONES Achromatic Low threshold, high sensitivity High signal amplification Slow signal integration (~100ms) Chromatic Low sensitivity Low signal amplification Fast signal integration (~10ms)
13 Color Filtering Rods and cones have unique opsins absorption of different light wavelengths
14 Spectral Sensitivity Rods are sensitive to changes in light intensity Cone sensitivity is highly dependent on: - Light wavelength - Light intensity
15 Processing of the visual image starts in the retina Photoreceptors are specialized filters Interneurons combine signals from multiple photoreceptors Different classes of ganglion cells carry different information
16 Visual Acuity The convergence of multiple photoreceptors reduces visual acuity FOVEA > 1:1 ratio of cones to ganglion neurons > receptive field ~2um PERIPHERY > 100:1 ratio of rods to ganglion neurons > receptive field ~1mm = 500x lower resolution
17 Visual Acuity The fovea centralis has the sharpest vision CONES Blind Spot Highest density of cones RODS Less neural layers High (~1:1) ratio of cones to ganglion cells
18 Processing of the visual image starts in the retina Photoreceptors are specialized filters Interneurons combine signals from multiple photoreceptors Different classes of ganglion cells carry different information
19 Ganglion Cell Specialization Cell behavior is dependent on the location of a stimulus within the receptive field Different ganglion cells monitor different parts of the receptive field 2 classes: On-center Off-center Center Surround RECEPTIVE FIELD
20 ON-CENTER NEURON OFF-CENTER NEURON - - On area On area Central light LIGHT LIGHT Peripheral light Diffuse light
21 Ganglion Cell Specialization Cells respond best when light intensities in the center and surround are different Specialized to detect CONTRAST
22 Contrast information is carried in parallel pathways Cone Hyperpolarize glutamate Off-center bipolar cell Hyperpolarize Depolarize On-center bipolar cell Off-center ganglion cell On-center ganglion cell
23 The Overall View Visual processing starts in the retina Selective filtering Signal amplification Parallel channels of information Processing is facilitated by the differences between rods and cones More complex data can be encoded with the addition of more neural circuitry
24 Next Time Light Photoreceptors Interneurons Ganglion Neurons Optic Nerve Visual Processing Color, Motion, and Form Visual Cortex Visual Processing
25 References Essentials of Neuroscience and Behavior. Kandall ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM. Prentice Hall 1995: Sensation and Perception, 6 th ED. Goldstein BE. Wadsworth 2003: e/htdocs/homepage/psy460/color%20vision/color%20vision.html
The Visual System. Organization of cell types Rod and cone photoreceptor systems
The Visual System Basic anatomy of the eye The retina Organization of cell types Rod and cone photoreceptor systems Phototransduction Conversion of energy of light into changes in V m Adaptation and expansion
Lecture 3 Vision 2 The Retina
Lecture 3 Vision 2 The Retina All lecture material from the following two links: 1) http://hubel.med.harvard.edu/book/bcontex.htm 2) http://www.ib.cnea.gov.ar/~redneu/2013/books/principles%20of%20neural%20science%20%20kandel/gateway.ut.ovid.com/gw2/ovidweb.cgisidnjhkoalgmeho00dbookimagebookdb_7c_2fc~32.htm
Image Formation and Phototransduction. By Dr. Abdelaziz Hussein Lecturer of Physiology
Image Formation and Phototransduction By Dr. Abdelaziz Hussein Lecturer of Physiology Vision Vision is a complex process through which an image of the external environment is formed on the photosensitive
Test of visual pathway function
The visual system Test of visual pathway function Suppose you have a patient who may have some damage to the visual pathways leading to visual cortex, for example from multiple sclerosis. How could you
Vision Seeing is in the mind
1 Vision Seeing is in the mind Stimulus: Light 2 Light Characteristics 1. Wavelength (hue) 2. Intensity (brightness) 3. Saturation (purity) 3 4 Hue (color): dimension of color determined by wavelength
THE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus
THE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus Perceived color of light is determined by 3 characteristics (properties of electromagnetic energy): 1. Hue: the spectrum (wavelength) of light (color)
Psy393: Cognitive Neuroscience. Prof. Anderson Department of Psychology Week 3
Psy393: Cognitive Neuroscience Prof. Anderson Department of Psychology Week 3 The Eye: Proof for the existence of God? And then there was light Optics Perception Absorption Eye is receiver not sender Plato
Introduction to Physiological Psychology
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Vision ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ksweeney/psy260.html This class n Sensation vs. Perception n How light is translated into what we see n Structure
THE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus
THE VISUAL WORLD! Visual (Electromagnetic) Stimulus Perceived color of light is determined by 3 characteristics (properties of electromagnetic energy): 1. : the spectrum (wavelength) of light (color) 2.
The Visual System. Retinal Anatomy Dr. Casagrande February 2, Phone: Office: T2302 MCN
The Visual System Retinal Anatomy Dr. Casagrande February 2, 2004 Phone: 343-4538 Email: vivien.casagrande@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu Office: T2302 MCN Reading assignments and Good Web Sites Chapter 2 in Tovée,
Vision I. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Vision I Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Eye Cornea Sclera Conjunctiva 2 Eye The conjunctiva lines the inner surface of the eyelids and outer surface of the sclera. 3
Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 6: Vision
Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 6: Vision This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display,
What do we perceive?
THE VISUAL SYSTEM Aditi Majumder What do we perceive? Example: Switch off the light in room What we perceive Not only the property of the scene But also that of the visual system Our perception is filtered
Lighta part of the spectrum of Electromagnetic Energy. (the part that s visible to us!)
Introduction to Physiological Psychology Vision ksweeney@cogsci.ucsd.edu cogsci.ucsd.edu/~ /~ksweeney/psy260.html Lighta part of the spectrum of Electromagnetic Energy (the part that s visible to us!)
Sense system. Introduction The visual system Hearing. Introduction to sensory mechanisms
Sense system Introduction The visual system Hearing Introduction to sensory mechanisms Sensory receptors & sense organs Sensory neurons & Receptor cells Adequate stimulus threshold Transduction Receptor
Vision Phototransduction of light By. Prof/Faten zakareia Physiology Dept College of Medicine King Saud University
Vision Phototransduction of light By Prof/Faten zakareia Physiology Dept College of Medicine King Saud University Objectives: -List and compare functional properties of rods and cones in scotopic and photopic
2/3/17. Visual System I. I. Eye, color space, adaptation II. Receptive fields and lateral inhibition III. Thalamus and primary visual cortex
1 Visual System I I. Eye, color space, adaptation II. Receptive fields and lateral inhibition III. Thalamus and primary visual cortex 2 1 2/3/17 Window of the Soul 3 Information Flow: From Photoreceptors
Neuroscience - Problem Drill 13: The Eye and Visual Processing
Neuroscience - Problem Drill 13: The Eye and Visual Processing Question No. 1 of 10 needed, (3) Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed. 1. Which of the following statements
Outline 2/19/2013. Please see me after class: Sarah Pagliero Ryan Paul Demetrius Prowell-Reed Ashley Rehm Giovanni Reynel Patricia Rochin
Outline 2/19/2013 PSYC 120 General Psychology Spring 2013 Lecture 8: Sensation and Perception 1 Dr. Bart Moore bamoore@napavalley.edu Office hours Tuesdays 11:00-1:00 How we sense and perceive the world
Biological Bases of Behavior. 6: Vision
Biological Bases of Behavior 6: Vision Sensory Systems The brain detects events in the external environment and directs the contractions of the muscles Afferent neurons carry sensory messages to brain
Vision. Vision. Vision. Chem Lecture 10 Signal Transduction & Sensory Systems Part 6. Rod cells. E = hν = hc λ
Chem 452 - Lecture 10 Signal Transduction & Sensory Systems Part 6 Question of the Day: Who has better color vision, a human or a mantis shrimp? involves the transduction of light energy to an nerve signal.
SENSES: VISION. Chapter 5: Sensation AP Psychology Fall 2014
SENSES: VISION Chapter 5: Sensation AP Psychology Fall 2014 Sensation versus Perception Top-Down Processing (Perception) Cerebral cortex/ Association Areas Expectations Experiences Memories Schemas Anticipation
PSY 214 Lecture 5 (09/19/2010) (Vision) Dr. Achtman PSY 214. Lecture 5 Topic: Introduction to Vision Chapter 3, pages 55-71
Corrections: No corrections needed Announcements: After the completion of chapter 4 a movie will be shown First test is October 3, 2011 Dr. Achtman is available during her office hours The test will include
eye as a camera Kandel, Schwartz & Jessel (KSJ), Fig 27-3
eye as a camera Kandel, Schwartz & Jessel (KSJ), Fig 27-3 retinal specialization fovea: highest density of photoreceptors, aimed at where you are looking -> highest acuity optic disk: cell-free area, where
Senses are transducers. Change one form of energy into another Light, sound, pressure, etc. into What?
1 Vision 2 TRANSDUCTION Senses are transducers Change one form of energy into another Light, sound, pressure, etc. into What? Action potentials! Sensory codes Frequency code encodes information about intensity
THE SPECIAL SENSES. Introduction Vision
THE SPECIAL SENSES Introduction Vision RECEPTORS Structures designed to respond to stimuli Variable complexity RECEPTORS: GENERAL PROPERTIES Transducers Receptor Potential Generator Potential RECEPTORS
7. Sharp perception or vision 8. The process of transferring genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage
1. A particular shade of a given color 2. How many wave peaks pass a certain point per given time 3. Process in which the sense organs' receptor cells are stimulated and relay initial information to higher
The ON and OFF Channels
The visual and oculomotor systems Peter H. Schiller, year 2006 The ON and OFF Channels Questions: 1. How are the ON and OFF channels created for the cones? 2. How are the ON and OFF channels created for
Physiology Unit 2 SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology Unit 2 SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY In Physiology Today Sensory System Sensory information Conscious sensations Unconscious sensations Sensory processing Transferring stimulus energy into a graded potential
September 9, 2013: The layout of the visual system, the retina and the lateral geniculate nucleus
September 9, 2013: The layout of the visual system, the retina and the lateral geniculate nucleus 1 Basic Wiring of the Visual System 2 The world seen by the two eyes Seen by both eyes Seen by both eyes
The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect. absolute threshold. Adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new information.
absolute threshold The lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect accommodation Adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new information. acuity Sharp perception or vision audition
Sensation and Perception. A. Sensation: awareness of simple characteristics B. Perception: making complex interpretations
I. Overview Sensation and Perception A. Sensation: awareness of simple characteristics B. Perception: making complex interpretations C. Top-Down vs Bottom-up Processing D. Psychophysics -- thresholds 1.
Eye physiology and phototransduction. Zoran Đogaš
Eye physiology and phototransduction Zoran Đogaš Eye geometry Nervus opticus Pupillary reflex and accommodation Clinical Sy Myopia Hypermetropia Photoreceptors ROD CONE Photoreceptors The photoreceptor
Chapter 17, Part 1! The Special Senses! SECTION 17-1! Olfaction, the sense of smell, involves olfactory receptors responding to chemical stimuli!
Chapter 17, Part 1! The Special Senses! SECTION 17-1! Olfaction, the sense of smell, involves olfactory receptors responding to chemical stimuli! 2! 1! Olfaction A Chemical Sensation! Olfactory epithelium!
let's continue talking about the eye,
Eye is mainly composed of 3 layers: External layer, which called The Sclera which is a hard connective tissue that gives the eye its round shape. Extension of the sclera into the front is the cornea, which
ANAT2010. Concepts of Neuroanatomy (II) S2 2018
ANAT2010 Concepts of Neuroanatomy (II) S2 2018 Table of Contents Lecture 13: Pain and perception... 3 Lecture 14: Sensory systems and visual pathways... 11 Lecture 15: Techniques in Neuroanatomy I in vivo
Prof. Greg Francis 7/31/15
s PSY 200 Greg Francis Lecture 06 How do you recognize your grandmother? Action potential With enough excitatory input, a cell produces an action potential that sends a signal down its axon to other cells
Annette Sims, MD, Ophthalmologist next Tuesday! Hooray!!
BI 358 Lecture 18 Annette Sims, MD, Ophthalmologist next Tuesday! Hooray!! I. Announcements Quiz 5 returned at end of lecture. Eye Dissection & Vision lab next Tuesday > Lecture by Dr. Sims! Final Quiz
Annette Sims, MD, Ophthalmologist next Tuesday! Hooray!!
BI 358 Lecture 18 Annette Sims, MD, Ophthalmologist next Tuesday! Hooray!! I. Announcements Quiz 5 returned at end of lecture. Eye Dissection & Vision lab next Tuesday > Lecture by Dr. Sims! Final Quiz
4. Which letter in figure 9.1 points to the fovea centralis? Ans: b
Chapter 9: The Sensory System 1. Proprioceptors are involved in the sense of A) pain. B) temperature. C) pressure. D) movement of limbs. 2. Which are chemoreceptors? A) taste B) olfactory C) proprioceptors
Vision. Bởi: OpenStaxCollege
Vision Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Vision is the ability to detect light patterns from the outside environment and interpret them into images. Animals are bombarded with sensory information, and the sheer volume
Visual Physiology. Perception and Attention. Graham Hole. Problems confronting the visual system: Solutions: The primary visual pathways: The eye:
Problems confronting the visual system: Visual Physiology image contains a huge amount of information which must be processed quickly. image is dim, blurry and distorted. Light levels vary enormously.
Test Bank Chapter 2: The Beginnings of Perception
Test Bank Chapter 2: The Beginnings of Perception MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Our perception of the environment depends on a. the properties of the objects in the environment. b. the properties of the electrical
ASSUMPTION OF COGNITIVE UNIFORMITY
The Human Brain cerebral hemispheres: two most important divisions of the brain, separated by the longitudinal fissure corpus callosum: a large bundle of axons that constitutes the major connection between
Will s Pre-Test for Exam IV
Will s Pre-Test for Exam IV 1) The brain and spinal cord comprise the. (a) autonomic nervous system (b) peripheral nervous system (c) central nervous system (d) efferent nervous system (e) afferent nervous
Vision is the most dominant sense, about 70% of all sensory receptors in the body are in the eyes Accessory Structures of the eye : Eyelashes :
Sight By Jess Kapp Vision is the most dominant sense, about 70% of all sensory receptors in the body are in the eyes Accessory Structures of the eye : Eyelashes : Protect eye from debris and bacteria Eyebrows
ID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2001
ID# Exam 1 PS 325, Fall 2001 As always, the Skidmore Honor Code is in effect, so keep your eyes foveated on your own exam. I tend to think of a point as a minute, so be sure to spend the appropriate amount
postsynaptic), and each plasma membrane has a hemichannel, sometimes called a connexon)
The Retina The retina is the part of the CNS that sends visual information from the eye to the brain. It very efficient at capturing and relaying as much visual information as possible, under a great range
Reading Assignments: Lecture 5: Introduction to Vision. None. Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence
Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence Lecture 5:. Reading Assignments: None 1 Projection 2 Projection 3 Convention: Visual Angle Rather than reporting two numbers (size of object and distance to observer),
Sensory Systems Vision, Audition, Somatosensation, Gustation, & Olfaction
Sensory Systems Vision, Audition, Somatosensation, Gustation, & Olfaction Sarah L. Chollar University of California, Riverside sarah.chollar@gmail.com Sensory Systems How the brain allows us to see, hear,
Special Senses: The Eye
Unit 4 Special Senses: The Eye ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY The Senses General senses of touch Temperature Pressure Pain Special senses Smell Taste Sight Hearing Equilibrium The Eye and Vision
CS294-6 (Fall 2004) Recognizing People, Objects and Actions Lecture: January 27, 2004 Human Visual System
CS294-6 (Fall 2004) Recognizing People, Objects and Actions Lecture: January 27, 2004 Human Visual System Lecturer: Jitendra Malik Scribe: Ryan White (Slide: layout of the brain) Facts about the brain:
Vision. The Eye External View. The Eye in Cross-Section
Vision The Eye External View cornea pupil iris The Eye in Cross-Section Light enters via cornea, Is focused by cornea and lens, Forming image on retina, Which contains photoreceptors. 1 The Retina Photoreceptors
Vision and Audition. This section concerns the anatomy of two important sensory systems, the visual and the auditory systems.
Vision and Audition Vision and Audition This section concerns the anatomy of two important sensory systems, the visual and the auditory systems. The description of the organization of each begins with
CNS-2: Physiology: Vision
CNS-2: Physiology: Vision The eyes are the windows to the soul This is the 3rd lecture in CNS-2 Physiology. In this lecture we will talk about one of our special senses, and that is the Vision. Hopefully
Foundations. 1. Introduction 2. Gross Anatomy of the Eye 3. Simple Anatomy of the Retina
Foundations 2. Gross Anatomy of the Eye 3. Simple Anatomy of the Retina Overview Central and peripheral retina compared Muller Glial Cells Foveal Structure Macula Lutea Blood supply to the retina Degenerative
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Outline Nervous System Sensory Systems I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Biol 105 Lecture 11 Chapter 9 Senses Sensory receptors Touch Vision Hearing and balance Smell Senses Sensory receptor cells Sensory receptors
Histology of the Eye
Histology of the Eye Objectives By the end of this lecture, the student should be able to describe: The general structure of the eye. The microscopic structure of:»cornea.»retina. EYE BULB Three coats
Special Senses. Mechanoreception Electroreception Chemoreception Others
Special Senses Mechanoreception Electroreception Chemoreception Others Recall our receptor types Chemically regulated: Respond to particular chemicals Voltage regulated: respond to changing membrane potential
ACTIVITIES. Complete Diagrams PNS 18 and 19 Complete PNS 23 Worksheet 3 #1 only Complete PNS 24 Practice Quiz
ACTIVITIES Complete Diagrams PNS 18 and 19 Complete PNS 23 Worksheet 3 #1 only Complete PNS 24 Practice Quiz THE SPECIAL SENSES Introduction Vision RECEPTORS Structures designed to respond to stimuli Variable
The Perceptual Experience
Dikran J. Martin Introduction to Psychology Name: Date: Lecture Series: Chapter 5 Sensation and Perception Pages: 35 TEXT: Lefton, Lester A. and Brannon, Linda (2003). PSYCHOLOGY. (Eighth Edition.) Needham
Special Senses PART A
8 Special Senses PART A PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB The Senses General senses
9.35 Sensation And Perception
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 9.35 Sensation And Perception Spring 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 9.35 Recitation 1 Eye
Neural circuits PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 05. Rods and cones
Neural circuits PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 05 Why do you need bright light to read? Rods and cones Photoreceptors are not evenly distributed across the retina 1 Rods and cones Cones are most dense in
UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES Division of Basic Medical Sciences Discipline of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology PBL SEMINAR MBBS III BIOCHEMISTRY OF VISION: An
Neuroanatomy, Text and Atlas (J. H. Martin), 3 rd Edition Chapter 7, The Visual System, pp ,
Normal CNS, Special Senses, Head and Neck TOPIC: FACULTY: LECTURE: READING: RETINA and CENTRAL VISUAL PATHWAYS P. Hitchcock, Ph.D. Department Cell and Developmental Biology Kellogg Eye Center Friday, 20
THE VISUAL SYSTEM: EYE TO CORTEX
THE VISUAL SYSTEM: EYE TO CORTEX o o o 1. The Eyes o Structure 2. The Retina o Cone & Rod Vision 3. Visual Transduction by Rhodopsin o 4. From Retina to Primary Visual Cortex o 5. Color Blindness o 6.
Mr. Silimperi Council Rock High School South Chapter 5 Sensation Sensation II
Mr. Silimperi Council Rock High School South AP Psychology Name: Date: Chapter 5 Sensation Sensation II Psychophysics study of the relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological
Ganglion Cells Blind Spot Cornea Pupil Visual Area of the Bipolar Cells Thalamus Rods and Cones Lens Visual cortex of the occipital lobe
How We See How We See Cornea Ganglion Cells whose axons form the optic nerve Blind Spot the exit point at the back of the retina Pupil which is controlled by the iris Bipolar Cells Visual Area of the Thalamus
Biology Animal Physiology Fall Midterm 1
Name: Biology 449 - Animal Physiology Fall 2010 Fill in your scantron form as follows: Midterm 1 Write and bubble in your name in the upper left (last name first). Sign your form on the upper right. By
Photoreceptors Rods. Cones
Photoreceptors Rods Cones 120 000 000 Dim light Prefer wavelength of 505 nm Monochromatic Mainly in periphery of the eye 6 000 000 More light Different spectral sensitivities!long-wave receptors (558 nm)
Biology/ANNB 261 Exam 2 Spring, 2006 Name
Biology/ANNB 261 Exam 2 Spring, 2006 Name Multiple Choice: 1. are responsible for phosphorylation of receptor proteins, whereas are responsible for dephosphorylation of receptor proteins. a) Kinases; phosphatases*
Sense of Vision. Chapter 8. The Eye and Vision. The Eye Orbit. Eyebrows, Eyelids, Eyelashes. Accessory Organs 5/3/2016.
Sense of Vision Chapter 8 Special Senses The Eye and Vision 70 percent of all sensory receptors are in the eyes Each eye has over 1 million nerve fibers Protection for the eye Most of the eye is enclosed
Visual System. By: Jordan Koehling
Visual System By: Jordan Koehling What is the Visual System Photoreceptors are the type of sensory neuron involved in sight. It is part of the CNS and allows us to see our surroundings using visual light
Review Sheet: Sensation and Perception (6-8%) Sensation. Date Period. 1) sensation. 2) perception. 3) bottom-up processing. 4) top-down processing
Name Ms. Gabriel/Mr. McManus Date Period AP Psychology Review Sheet: Sensation and Perception (6-8%) Sensation 1) sensation 2) perception 3) bottom-up processing 4) top-down processing Thresholds 5) psychophysics
Sensory information processing, somato-sensory systems
mm? Sensory information processing, somato-sensory systems Recommended literature 1. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessel TM (2000) Principles of Neural Science, McGraw-Hill, Ch. xx. 2. Berne EM, Levy MN, Koeppen
Image Processing in the Human Visual System, a Quick Overview
Image Processing in the Human Visual System, a Quick Overview By Orazio Gallo, April 24th, 2008 The Visual System Our most advanced perception system: The optic nerve has 106 fibers, more than all the
The Eye. Cognitive Neuroscience of Language. Today s goals. 5 From eye to brain. Today s reading
Cognitive Neuroscience of Language 5 From eye to brain Today s goals Look at the pathways that conduct the visual information from the eye to the visual cortex Marielle Lange http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mlange/teaching/cnl/
Sensing and Perceiving Our World
PSYCHOLOGY: Perspectives & Connections 2 nd Edition GREGORY J. FEIST ERIKA L. ROSENBERG Sensing and Perceiving Our World Chapter Four Chapter Preview The Long Strange Trip From Sensation to Perception
4/22/16. Eye. External Anatomy of Eye. Accessory Structures. Bio 40B Dr. Kandula
Eye Bio 40B Dr. Kandula External Anatomy of Eye Accessory Structures l Eyebrows l Levator Palpebrae Superioris - opens eye l Eyelashes l Ciliary glands modified sweat glands l Small sebaceous glands l
Chapter 18 Senses SENSORY RECEPTION 10/21/2011. Sensory Receptors and Sensations. Sensory Receptors and Sensations. Sensory Receptors and Sensations
SENSORY RECEPTION Chapter 18 Senses s convert stimulus energy to action potentials s 1. Are specialized cells, or 2. Specialized endings that detect stimuli All stimuli are forms of energy s in eyes detect
The olfactory epithelium is located at the roof of the nasal cavity. Nasal conchae cause turbulance of incoming air
Special Senses I. Olfaction II. Gustation A. Anatomy and general info The olfactory epithelium is located at the roof of the nasal cavity Nasal conchae cause turbulance of incoming air Olfactory glands
Light passes through the lens, through the inner layer of ganglion cells and bipolar cells to reach the rods and cones. The retina
The visual system Light passes through the lens, through the inner layer of ganglion cells and bipolar cells to reach the rods and cones. The retina 0.5 mm thick The retina 0.5 mm thick The photosensors
SENSATION & PERCEPTION
SENSATION & PERCEPTION Sensation and perception result from a symphony of sensory receptors and the neurons those receptors communicate with. The receptors and neurons fire in different combinations and
Parallel pathways in the retina
Retinal origins of parallel pathways in the primate visual system Wednesday, September 23, 2015 Sherry, 2002 1 Parallel pathways in the retina Several different images of the outside world are sent simultaneously
4/17/2019. Special Senses. Special sensory receptors. Vision - 70% of body's sensory receptors in eye Taste Smell Hearing Equilibrium
Special Senses Special sensory receptors Distinct, localized receptor cells in head Vision - 70% of body's sensory receptors in eye Taste Smell Hearing Equilibrium The Eye and Accessory Structures The
Taste buds Gustatory cells extend taste hairs through a narrow taste pore
The Special Senses Objectives Describe the sensory organs of smell, and olfaction. Identify the accessory and internal structures of the eye, and explain their function. Explain how light stimulates the
Sensitivity and Adaptation in the Retina
Sensitivity and Adaptation in the Retina Visual transduction single photon sensitivity dark current rhodopsin Ca ++ vs cgmp as the messenger amplification Operating range of vision saturation, threshold,
INTRODUCTION: ****************************************************************************************************
BIOLOGY 211: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY **************************************************************************************************** EYES AND VISION ****************************************************************************************************
Sensation & Perception The Visual System. Subjectivity of Perception. Sensation vs. Perception 1/9/11
Sensation & Perception The Visual System Subjectivity of Perception We do not perceive the world directly Perception depends on brain stimulation Distinction between sensation and perception Sensation
NEUROSCIENCE. Barbora Cimrová
NEUROSCIENCE Barbora Cimrová Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (NS) structure, organization, function of its parts and its functioning as a whole unit traditionally: branch of
COURSE: OPTO 328 Physiology of Vision I
COURSE: OPTO 328 Physiology of Vision I UNITS: 2 + 0 = 2. TUTOR: Dr. Ali A Abusharha RECOMMENDED TEXTS: 1) Visual Perception by Cornsweet. 2) Physiology of the Eye by Hugh Davson. 3) OPTOMETRY by Keith
FIRST MIDTERM EXAM October 18, 2011 BILD2
FIRST MIDTERM EXAM October 18, 2011 BILD2 WRITE YOUR NAME ON ALL 6 PAGES. ANSWER ALL 10 QUESTIONS (100 POINTS). CONFINE YOUR ANSWERS TO THE SPACE ALLOWED. If you would like to write on the back of the
PHGY Physiology. SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY Sensory Receptors. Martin Paré
PHGY 212 - Physiology SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY Sensory Receptors Martin Paré Assistant Professor of Physiology & Psychology pare@biomed.queensu.ca http://brain.phgy.queensu.ca/pare Sensory Systems Question:
Structure of the eye and retina
1 of 10 3/6/2012 1:06 PM Syllabus pdf file Course Schedule Structure of the eye and retina 2 of 10 3/6/2012 1:06 PM In-class demo: do Virtual Lab activity 3-6 (Visual Path in the Eyeball) Focusing, changes
LIGHT DETECTION IN THE
1 Lecture 1 October 31, 2005 Richard Masland LIGHT DETECTION IN THE RETINA INTRODUCTION Vision is an important topic in neurobiology, for both intellectual and practical reasons. Primates are peculiarly
Gathering information the sensory systems; Vision
Visual System Gathering information the sensory systems; Vision The retina is the light-sensitive receptor layer at the back of the eye. - Light passes through the cornea, the aqueous chamber, the lens,
V1 (Chap 3, part II) Lecture 8. Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Princeton University, Fall 2017
V1 (Chap 3, part II) Lecture 8 Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Princeton University, Fall 2017 Topography: mapping of objects in space onto the visual cortex contralateral representation
COGS 101A: Sensation and Perception
COGS 101A: Sensation and Perception 1 Virginia R. de Sa Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Lecture 7: Color (Chapter 6) Course Information 2 Class web page: http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/ desa/101a/index.html
Sensation and Perception. Chapter 6
Sensation and Perception Chapter 6 1 Sensation & Perception How do we construct our representations of the external world? Text To represent the world, we must detect physical energy (a stimulus) from