Instructor s Review for Final Exams. The Nervous System
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1 Instructor s Review for Final Exams The Nervous System
2 Divisions of the Central Nervous System? Brain and spinal cord. Key word, central.
3 Divisions of the nervous system Central and Peripheral
4 Coverings of the Brain and Spinal cord The meninges Dura mater Arachnoid Pia mater Also called the Dural tube when referring just to the spinal cord Cerebral spinal fluid flows in the subarachnoid space, provides buoyancy and protection to the CNS Rectus Capitis posterior minor is said to have an attachment to the Dura mater
5 Cranial Nerves 12 Pairs Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal
6 Spinal Nerves 31 Pairs Exit from the spinal cord Combine, or meet in areas we call plexuses. The Four most important Cervical plexus (C1-5) Brachial plexus (C5-T1) Lumbar plexus (L1-4) Sacral plexus (L4/L5-S4) SPINAL NERVES
7 The Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Skeletal muscles and sensory organs Voluntary Autonomic Involuntary (self-governing) Viscera, heart and glands
8 Parasympathetic Vs. Sympathetic Sympathetic fight or flight Parasympathetic rest and repose
9 Sympathetic Response
10
11 Afferent vs. Efferent
12 The Brain And Its Parts
13 The Cerebrum -the largest portion of the brain, the area of consciousness, intellect and emotion, and skeletal motor movements The Cerebellum-second largest part of brain, controls co-ordination, balance, posture, muscle tone and complex movements
14
15 Brain Stem Continuous with the spinal cord midbrain (conducts impulses from the cerebrum to the pons and sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus as well as controls eye, head and neck movements in response to visual and auditory stimulus), pons varolli (relays impulses from one side of the cerebellum to the other and helps control breathing) medulla oblongata (conducts sensory and motor impulses between the brain and spinal cord, and controls respiration, cardiovascular impulses, digestive secretions, most vital functions). The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brainstem Diencephalon thalamus (sends sensory info to appropriate areas of the cerebrum) hypothalamus (regulates ANS and endocrine system by controlling the pituitary gland, as well as circadian rhythm)
16
17 Plain & Simple Guide to Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork Examinations FINAL & MBLX REVIEW B R A I N & S P I N A L C O R D
18 GENERAL REVIEW 1. It is estimated that the human brain contains neurons. a. Approximately 1 million b. Approximately 10,000 c. Approximately 10 million d. Approximately 100 billion
19 GENERAL REVIEW 22. Intelligence, reasoning, and emotion are facilitated in the area of the brain. a. Motor b. Sensory c. Association d. Somatic
20 GENERAL REVIEW 3. The Wernicke area of the brain. a. Allows recognition of colors b. Interprets speech c. Causes sinuses to drain d. Controls intentional movements
21 GENERAL REVIEW 4. There are pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord. a. 31 b. 32 c. 33 d. 34
22 GENERAL REVIEW 5. The meninges include. a. Spinal and cranial meninges b. Cervical and abdominal meninges c. Cervical and cranial meninges d. Spinal and thoracic meninges
23 GENERAL REVIEW 6. Past sensory experiences are stored in the. a. Broca area b. Arachnoid villi c. Motor area d. Somatosensory association area
24 GENERAL REVIEW 7. The part of the brain associated with long-term memory is the. a. Hypothalamus b. Medulla oblongata c. Hippocampus d. Pons
25 GENERAL REVIEW 8. Melatonin and serotonin are produced in the. a. Pituitary gland b. Thyroid gland c. Sebaceous gland d. Pineal gland
26 GENERAL REVIEW 9. The protective layer that keeps most substances from penetrating through to the brain from the blood is the. a. CAT b. CIA c. BBB d. AAL
27 GENERAL REVIEW 10. The long tubules extending from the arachnoid and pia mater that act as one-way valves for the cerebrospinal fluid are the. a. Erector pili b. Intake channels c. Arachnoid villi d. Pia mater
28 GENERAL REVIEW 11. Respiratory functions are regulated in the. a. Cerebellum b. Solar plexus c. Amygdala d. Choroid plexus
29 GENERAL REVIEW 12. The CIA is the. a. Cerebral integrative area b. Common intelligence area c. Cervical integrative area d. Common integrative area
30 GENERAL REVIEW 13. The spinal cord extends. a. From the medulla oblongata to the first lumbar vertebra b. From the occiput to the coccyx c. From the medulla oblongata to the second lumbar vertebra d. From C-1 to the sacrum
31 GENERAL REVIEW 14. The controls higher intelligence and reasoning. a. Cerebellum b. Cerebrum c. Brain stem d. Midbrain
32 GENERAL REVIEW 15. The is a small almond-shaped structure. a. Amygdala b. Cauda equine c. Basal ganglia d. Sulcus
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