Nervous and Endocrine System Exam Review

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1 Directions: Read each question and complete the statement using the multiple choice responses I. Nervous System 1. The interpretation of olfactory receptor information would fall under which general function of the nervous system? A. sensory input B. motor output C. integration 2. The central nervous system includes the A. spinal nerves. B. brain. C. cranial nerves. D. sensory receptors. 3. The spinal cord is part of the, while the cranial nerves are part of the. A. CNS, PNS B. PNS, CNS 7. Within the peripheral nervous system, the myelin sheath is formed by A. Schwann cells. B. oligodendrocytes. C. microglial cells. D. astrocytes. 8. A sensory neuron carries impulses 9. An interneuron carries impulses 10. A motor neuron carries impulses 4. Which of the following is part of a neuron? A. axon B. cell body C. dendrite D. all of these are parts of a neuron 5. Which of the following contains the nucleus? A. axon B. dendrite C. cell body D. none of these 6. A bundle of parallel axons in the CNS is called a A. nerve. B. dendrite. C. tract. D. ganglion. 11. What is the structural classification of a motor neuron? A. unipolar B. multipolar C. bipolar 12. The small gap between two successive neurons is called the A. synaptic cleft. B. axon terminal. C. dendrite terminal. D. neurotransmitter. 13. Which disease is due, in part, to reduced amounts of acetylcholine in the brain? A. Parkinson's disease B. Huntington's disease C. Alzheimer's disease D. All of the choices are correct.

2 14. Tracts of myelinated axons in the CNS make up the A. white matter. B. gray matter. C. cerebrospinal fluid. D. ventricles. 20. What is/are the main function (s) of the spinal cord? A. reflex center B. relay center between brain and peripheral nerves C. reflex center and relay center between brain and peripheral nerves 15. The protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord are the A. ventricles. B. meninges. C. serous membranes. D. arbor vitae. 16. Which of the following is the correct layering of the meninges from superficial to deep? A. dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater B. pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater C. dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater D. arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater 17. The tough outer meninx is the A. dura mater. B. arachnoid mater. C. pia mater. 21. The lateral ventricles are located in the A. cerebrum. B. medulla oblongata. C. thalamus. D. cerebellum. 22. Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the cerebrum? A. occipital lobe B. frontal lobe C. temporal lobe D. sphenoid lobe 23. The primary motor cortex is located in the lobe. A. frontal B. parietal C. temporal D. occipital 18. What protects the spinal cord? A. vertebrae B. meninges C. cerebrospinal fluid D. All of the choices are correct 24. The primary visual area is located in the lobe. A. frontal B. parietal C. temporal D. occipital 19. The spinal cord begins at the and ends at the. A. foramen magnum; sacrum B. foramen magnum; first lumbar vertebrae C. fifth cervical vertebrae; coccyx D. second cervical vertebrae; first lumbar vertebrae 25. Which area of the brain is concerned with homeostasis? A. hypothalamus B. cerebrum C. thalamus D. cerebellum

3 26. Which of the following is NOT a controlling function of the hypothalamus? A. appetite B. sensory relay C. thirst D. temperature 32. Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT correctly matched with its function? A. Glossopharyngeal muscles for swallowing B. Vagus sensory and motor for internal organs C. Hypoglossal neck and back muscles D. Vestibulocochlear hearing and balance 27. Which part of the brain has centers for the control of breathing, heart rate, and vasoconstriction? A. pons B. midbrain C. medulla oblongata D. hypothalamus 28. There are pairs of cranial nerves and pairs of spinal nerves. A. 31; 12 B. 12; 31 C. 10; 12 D. 15; Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT correctly matched with its function? A. Olfactory smell B. Oculomotor eye movement C. Abducens feeling from the face D. Trochlear eye movement 30. Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT associated with eye muscles? A. Trigeminal B. Oculomotor C. Trochlear D. Abducens 31. Which of the following cranial nerves allows one to taste a lemon and then make a face because it is sour? A. Trigeminal B. Facial C. Abducens D. Glossopharyngeal 33. Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT a purely sensory nerve? A. Vestibulocochlear B. Olfactory C. Optic D. Trochlear 34. Which of the following cranial nerves is the only one to leave the head and neck area? A. Accessory B. Vagus C. Hypoglossal D. Trigeminal 35. Which of the following spinal nerve areas is NOT matched with the correct number of nerve pairs? A. cervical 7 B. thoracic 12 C. lumbar 5 D. sacral The autonomic nervous system A. controls skeletal muscle contractions. B. controls actions of the internal viscera. C. controls release of secretions from glands. D. both controls actions of the internal viscera and controls release of secretions from glands are correct.

4 37. The autonomic system that gets the body ready for "fight or flight" is the A. parasympathetic nervous system. B. sympathetic nervous system. C. somatic motor nervous system. 38. The neurotransmitter used by the parasympathetic nervous system is A. norepinephrine. B. dopamine. C. serotonin. D. acetylcholine. 39. The brain and spinal cord make up the peripheral nervous system. 40. The right side of the brain controls the right side of the body. 41. The autonomic nervous system is in control of voluntary activities. 45. The production and release of hormones is controlled by A. other hormones. B. nervous system. C. other chemical substances. D. All of the choices are correct 46. With what portion of the brain is the pituitary associated? A. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. thalamus D. hypothalamus 47. Another name for the posterior pituitary gland is the A. adenohypophysis. B. hypothalamus. C. neurohypophysis. D. midbrain. 42. When someone is frightened, they seem to have more strength to run or fight than normal. What is the reason for this? II. Endocrine System 43. Which type of gland secretes directly into tissue fluids and the blood without ducts? A. endocrine B. exocrine 44. Which of the following is NOT true of a peptide hormone? A. It diffuses into the cell to cause cellular changes. B. It binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane. C. It activates a second messenger inside the cell that causes cellular changes. D. Cyclic AMP is a common second messenger 48. The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland by means of a A. portal system of blood capillaries. B. group of secretory neurons. C. connection with the posterior pituitary gland. D. All of the choices are correct. 49. The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by producing A. nerve impulses. B. releasing hormones. C. inhibiting hormones. D. Both releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones are correct.

5 50. Which of the following hormones will affect another endocrine gland? A. TSH B. ACTH C. gonadotropins D. all of these 55. ACTH A. is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. B. stimulates the adrenal cortex. C. stimulates the adrenal medulla. D. Both is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex are correct. 51. The pituitary hormone ACTH will stimulate the to produce its hormones. A. thyroid gland B. adrenal cortex C. adrenal medulla D. gonads 52. What hormone causes breast development and production of milk? A. oxytocin B. gonadotropins C. prolactin D. ADH 56. Epinephrine is produced by the A. adrenal medulla. B. adrenal cortex. C. thyroid gland. D. thymus. 57. Which of the following functions to regulate a short term response to stress? A. epinephrine B. glucocorticoids C. mineralocorticoids D. All of these choices are correct. 53. Which endocrine gland produces the most hormones? A. posterior pituitary B. anterior pituitary C. thyroid D. adrenal 58. What is the stimulus for the release of insulin? A. decreasing blood glucose levels B. decreasing blood sodium levels C. increasing blood glucose levels D. increasing blood calcium levels 54. Which of the following are portions of the adrenal glands? A. anterior and posterior B. lateral and medial C. cortex and medulla D. dorsal and ventral 59. The male hormone secreted by the testes is A. estrogen B. progesterone C. testosterone D. gonadotropins 60. Which of the following is NOT a result of the secretion of estrogens and progesterone? A. growth of the uterus and breasts B. growth of the vocal cords C. widening of the hips D. uterine cycle

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