Index. Note: Page numbers of article numbers are in boldface type.

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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article numbers are in boldface type. A Abdomen, acute, as cancer emergency, in cancer patients, etiologies unique to, in perforation, 388 surgery of, portal vein thrombosis following, 454 tumors of, in children, Adrenal infection, thrombosis in, 453 Allopurinol, in hyperuricemia, 501 Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, congenital idiopathic, 510 Amegakaryocytopoiesis, hereditary, 510 Amyloidosis, systemic, bleeding in, 436 Anemia(s), clinical signs and symptoms of, 512 Diamond-Blackfan, due to decreased red blood cell production, due to increased red blood cell production, extrinsic hemolytic, 519 intrinsic hemolytic, iron deficiency, of chronic disease, 516 physical examination in, 512 physiologic causes of, 511 thrombocytopenia and, as presentation of childhood cancer, in infants and children, Angiography, in lower gastrointestinal bleeding, 371 Angiotherapy, in lower gastrointestinal bleeding, 371 Antibiotics, broad spectrum, in neutropenia and fever, in neutropenic enterocolitis, Anticoagulation, and thrombocytopenia, 452 Antifungals, in neutropenia and fever, 536 Antiplatelet agents, and aspirin and bleeding complications, 436 Antithrombotic therapy, complications of, Antivirals, in neutropenia and fever, Ascites, malignant, in cancer, B Benzodiazepines, in hepatic encephalopathy, 406 Bernard-Soulier syndrome, 510 Emerg Med Clin N Am 27 (2009) doi: /s (09) /09/$ see front matter ª 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. emed.theclinics.com

2 548 Index Bleeding, coagulation factor-related, gastrointestinal. See Gastrointestinal bleeding. hematologic cancers associated with, in platelet refractory patient, , 431 in uremia, 434 Bleeding problems, acquired, in cancer patients, management of, Bone and soft-tissue tumors, in children, Bowel obstruction, malignant, in gastric outlet obstruction, in malignant intussusception, 388 in small bowel obstruction, Brain tumors, primary, thrombosis in, Budd-Chiari syndrome, hypercoagulable states associated with, 451, 453 therapy of, 453 thromboses in, in malignancies, C Cancer, childhood, emergency department presentation of, general signs and symptoms of, 478 thrombocytopenia and anemia as presentation of, Cancer emergencies: acute abdomen, Cancer patients, acquired bleeding problems in, laboratories in, management of, patient review in, 423 transfusion therapy in, gastrointestinal bleeding in, thrombosis in, Capsule endoscopy, in lower gastrointestinal bleeding, 370 Catheters, central venous, and upper-extremity thrombosis, 452 Central nervous system, tumors of, in children, headache in, 479 history and physical examination in, 478 increased intracranial pressure in, MRI in, 481, 482 seizures in, 480 signs and symptoms of, 479 Childhood, cancer in, emergency department presentation of, general signs and symptoms of, 478 thrombocytopenia and anemia as presentation of, Children, abdominal tumors in, acute leukemia in, hematologic malignancies in, infants and, thrombocytopenia and anemia in, lymphoma in, tumor lysis syndrome in, management in emergency department, Coagulation tests, in cancer patients, interpretation of, Colonoscopy, in lower gastrointestinal bleeding, 370, 371 Colony-stimulating factor, in neutropenia and fever, Computed tomography, in neutropenic enterocolitis, Computed tomography angiography, in lower gastrointestinal bleeding, 371

3 Index 549 D Deep venous thrombosis, diagnostic pathways for, 448, 449 immediate therapy of, prediction model for, 446 Dexamethasone, in spinal cord compression, 482 Diamond-Blackfan anemia, Diarrhea, infectious, lower gastrointestinal bleeding in, 372 Disseminated intravascular coagulation, bleeding in, causes of, 428 Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndromes, drug-induced, Dysproteinemias, bleeding in, E Embolectomy, in deep venous thrombosis, Emergent surgery, in lower gastrointestinal bleeding, 371 Encephalopathy, hepatic. See Hepatic encephalopathy. Enteritis, radiation, following cancer irradiation, 391 Enterocolitis, neutropenic, background and state of evidence of, chemotherapeutic agents implicated in, 416, 417 clinical presentation and risk factors for, diagnostic imaging in, in immunocompromised patient, lower gastrointestinal bleeding in, nononcologic causes of, 417 signs and symptoms of, 417, 418 treatment of, 419 Erythroblasstopenia, transient, of childhood, Erythrocytosis, polycythemia vera and, 463 Erythropoietin, red blood cell production and, 516 F Factor VIII inhibitors, acquired, bleeding in, 427 Fever, and neutropenia. See Neutropenia, and fever. Fibrinolytic agents, bleeding associated with, 438 Fluid resuscitation, in upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 366 Fondaparinox, bleeding and, 438 G Gastrointestinal bleeding, in cancer patient, lower, 363 angiography in, 371 capsule endoscopy in, 370 colonoscopy in, 370 computed tomography angiography in, 371 etiologies of, evaluation in,

4 550 Index Gastrointestinal (continued) management of, 371 pediatric causes of, 373 radionuclide imaging in, 370 signs and symptoms of, 369 special considerations in, upper, 363 diagnostic evaluation of, etiology of, presenting signs and symptoms of, therapeutic interventions in, Graft-versus-host disease, lower gastrointestinal bleeding in, 372 H Headache, in central nervous system tumors, in children, 479 Hematologic malignancies, in children, Hematological cancers, associated with bleeding, Hemolytic uremic syndrome, 510 Heparin, reversal, in bleeding, Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 431, 432 Hepatic encephalopathy, chronic, diagnosis of, management of, prognosis in, classification of, 402 grading of, criteria for, 405 in acute liver failure, 407 management of, , 409 in liver injury, in cancer patients, medications used for, dosages of, 405 overt, clinical features of, 402, 403 pathogenesis of, precipitating factors for, 404 Hydrocephalus, in posterior fossa tumor, 481, 482 Hyperkalemia, in tumor lysis syndrome, 498, 500 Hyperleukocytosis, clinical presentation of, 466, 467 diagnosis of, 466 laboratory evaluation of, morbidity of, 466 pathophysiology of, risk factors for, 465 treatment of, 468 Hyperphosphatemia, in tumor lysis syndrome, , 500 Hyperproteinemia, hyperviscosity syndrome related to, Hyperuricemia, in tumor lysis syndrome, 499, 501 Hyperviscosity syndrome, 459, 460 clinical presentation of, diagnosis of, 462 management of, myelomas as cause of, 460

5 Index 551 myeloproliferative disorders and, pathophysiology of, 461 plasma exchange in, plasmapheresis in, 463 related to hyperproteinemia, Walderstrom macroglobulinemia as cause of, 460 Hypocalcemia, in tumor lysis syndrome, 499, 501 I Immune thrombocytopenic purpura, Immunosuppression, presentations unique to, 389 profound, pathology unique to, Immunosupression, impact of, 381 Infection, physiologic compensation to, Inferior vena cava filters, in deep venous thrombosis, 450 Iron deficiency anemia, K Kasabach-Merritt phenomena, 509 L Lactulose, in hepatic encephalopathy, 404 Leukemia, acute, in children, laboratory tests in, lymphoblast in, presenting features of, transfusions of blood products in, 486 acute promyelocytic, bleeding in, in childhood, 477 Leukocytosis, 465 Leukostasis, 465 Liver failure, acute, hepatic encephalopathy in, , 409 Liver injury, in cancer patients, hepatic encephalopathy in, Lymphoma, in children, history in, 487 laboratory evaluation in, physical examination in, presenting features of, 483, 487 M Medication toxicity, thrombocytopenia caused by, 510 MRI, in central nervous system tumors in children, 481, 482 Mucositis, in upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 365 Musculoskeletal tumors, in children, Myelodysplastic syndromes, bleeding in, 435 Myelomas, as cause of hyperviscosity syndrome, 460

6 552 Index Myeloproliferative disorders, and hyperviscosity syndrome, Myeloproliferative syndromes, bleeding in, 435 N Nasogastric aspiration with lavage, in upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 366 Neomycin, in hepatic encephalopathy, Nephronic syndrome, renal vein thrombosis in, 454 Neuroblastoma, in children, Neutropenia, and fever, adaptive immunity and, 527 antifungals in, 536 antivirals in, assessment and evaluation in, broad-spectrum antibiotics in, colony-stimulating factor in, definitions of, 526 general management of, in pediatric patients with cancer, infections in, innate immunity and, laboratory tests in, pathophysiology of, 526 physical examination in, pituitary dysfunction in, 538 transfusions in, 537 Neutropenic enterocolitis. See Enterocolitis, neutropenic. Nonrhabdomyosarcomatous soft-tissue sarcoma, 493 O Osteosarcoma, in children, P Peptic ulcer disease, as cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 364 Perforation, acute abdomen in, 388 Pituitary dysfunction, in neutropenia and fever, 538 Plasma exchange, in hyperviscosity syndrome, Plasmapheresis, in hyperviscosity syndrome, 463 Platelet destruction, thrombocytopenia secondary to, Platelet production, decreased, thrombocytopenia secondary to, Platelet refractory patient, bleeding in, , 431 Polycythemia vera, diagnosis of, 464 erythrocytosis and, 463 pathophysiology of, treatment of, Prednisone, in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 432 Proctitis, radiation, lower gastrointestinal bleeding in, Protein, dietary, in hepatic encephalopathy, 406 Proton pump therapy, in upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 366 Pulmonary embolism, probability score for, 447

7 Index 553 Pulmonary embolism/deep venous thrombosis, diagnostic tests in, natural history of, 445 pathophysiology of, Purpura, post-transfusion, platelet counts in, 429 R Radionuclide imaging, in lower gastrointestinal bleeding, 370 Recombinant factor Vlla, in bleeding disorders, Renal replacement, in tumor lysis syndrome, 501 Rhabdomyosarcoma, in children, 492, 493 Rifaximin, in hepatic encephalopathy, S Sodium benzoate, in hepatic encephalopathy, 406 T Thrombocytopenia, and anemia, as presentation of childhood cancer, in infants and children, anticoagulation and, 452 drug-induced, platelet counts in, 429 drugs implicated in, 429, 430 heparin-induced, 431, 432 immune, platelet counts in, 429 Thrombocytopenic purpura, immune, Thrombocytosis, causes of, 468, 469 diagnosis of, pathophysiology of, prognosis in, 470 treatment of, 470 Thrombosis, cerebral vein, in malignancies, in adrenal infection, 453 in cancer patients, in primary brain tumors, portal vein, following abdominal surgery, 454 renal vein, in nephronic syndrome, 454 upper-extremity, central venous catheters and, 452 visceral vein, 454 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Thrombycytopenia, childhood, neonatal, secondary to decreased platelet production, secondary to platelet destruction, Transfusion therapy, massive, complications of, 426 in bleeding in cancer patients, Transfusions, in neutropenia and fever, 537 TTP/hemolytic uremic syndrome, therapy-related,

8 554 Index Tumor lysis syndrome, definition of, disposition in, epidemiology of, 498 evaluation in, management of, metabolic sequelae of, pediatric, management in emergency department, risk factors for, 499 Typhlitis, in immunocompromised patient, U Ultrasound, in neutropenic enterocolitis, Uremia, bleeding in, 434 Urine alkalinization, in tumor lysis syndrome, 500 V Venous thrombotic emergencies, von Willebrand disease, acquired, bleeding in, 427 W Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, as cause of hyperviscosity syndrome, 460 Warfarin, and international normalized ratio, in bleeding, in deep venous thrombosis, 451 Wilms tumor, 491 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome,