Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal surgery prior as factor in laparoscopic colorectal surgery, Abscess(es) CRC presenting as, Adenocarcinoma of colon, 641 of rectum, 641 local excision of, Adenoma(s) serrated CpG island methylator phenotype in, 688 Adenomatous-carcinoma sequence CRC related, 489 Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in CRC pathway development, 684 Adjuvant therapy in rectal cancer management, 581 APC gene. See Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene B Bleeding CRC presenting as, 540 BRAF gene in CRC pathway development, 686 C Cancer(s). See also specific types colon obstructing defined, colorectal See Colorectal cancer (CRC) in IBD, See also Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) invasive vs. premalignant colorectal polyp, rectal See Rectal cancer renal obstructing, 537 Carcinoid(s), See also Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) Surg Clin N Am 97 (2017) /17 surgical.theclinics.com

2 704 Index Chemoradiotherapy for CRC, Chemotherapy in colorectal PM management, for CRC, hyperthermic intraperitoneal in colorectal PM management, See also Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), in colorectal PM management Chromosomal instability in CRC pathway development, Colectomy for colorectal polyp, 517 total abdominal in distal obstruction management, Colon GISTs of, See also Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), of colon Colon cancers obstructing defined, Colonography CT in CRC screening, Colonoscopy in CRC screening, Colorectal cancer (CRC) adenomatous-carcinoma sequence in, 489 causes of, emergency presentations of, abscess, bleeding, 540 introduction, large bowel obstruction, minimally invasive platforms, obstructing renal cancer, 537 outcomes of, 541 perforation, evaluation of, 658 hereditary incidence of, 605 imaging of, in initial staging, introduction, 503 in surveillance after curative resection, 511 types of, CT, MRI, 506, 507 PET, 506, 507 PET/CT, 506, 507 plain films, ultrasonography, 504 incidence of, 487

3 introduction, 487 metastatic resection of primary tumor in, See also Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) MIS for, molecular markers for, See also specific types and Molecular markers, for CRC mortality data related to, 487 obstruction and, See also Large bowel obstruction pathways of, development of, chromosomal instability in, CpG island methylator phenotype in, mismatch repair in, 686 mismatch repair protein deficiency in, 686 MSI in, prevalence of, 641, 683 protective factors against, risk factors for, 488 screening for, procedures, clinical outcomes of, colonoscopy, CTC, DCBE, 492 endoscopic, 492 radiographic tests, sigmoidoscopy, stool-based tests, rationale for, recommendations for, for average risk, 495 for the elderly, 497 for family history, 496 for IBD, 496 for Lynch syndrome and FAP, 496 for personal history of CRC or adenoma, 495 spread of chemoprevention in, stage IV resection of primary tumor in, See also Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) staging of initial, treatment of chemoradiotherapy in, chemotherapy in, immunotherapy in, laparoscopic surgery in, See also Laparoscopic colorectal surgery robotic surgery for, 553, See also Robotic colorectal surgery, for neoplasia vaccines against, 693 Colorectal cancer syndromes hereditary, See also specific syndromes and Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes Index 705

4 706 Index Colorectal peritoneal metastasis (PM) management of, See also Peritoneal metastasis (PM), colorectal, management of Colorectal polyp(s), colectomy for, 517 difficult, defined, treatment of, combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery in, considerations in, 518 conventional snare polypectomy in, EMR in, ESD in, surgical resection in, TEM in, 522 transanal minimally invasive surgery in, 522 introduction, 515 premalignant vs. invasive cancers, untreated natural history of, Colorectal tumors atypical, See also specific types GISTs, introduction, 641 NETs, PCL, types of, 641 Colostomy loop in obstructing renal cancer management, 537 Computed tomography (CT) of CRC, Computed tomography colonography (CTC) of CRC, Conventional snare polypectomy in difficult colorectal polyp management, CpG island methylator phenotype in CRC pathway development, CRC. See Colorectal cancer (CRC) CRS. See Cytoreduction surgery (CRS) CT. See Computed tomography (CT) CTC. See Computed tomography colonography (CTC) Cyclooxygenase inhibitors in CRC prevention, Cytoreduction surgery (CRS) in colorectal PM management, agents in, 676 background of, 672 controversies related to, introduction, morbidity associated with, 678

5 Index 707 ongoing studies, outcomes of, principles of, 674 technical details, D da Vinci Sp single-port flexible system, 568 da Vinci surgical robotic system, 568 DCBE. See Double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) Distal obstructions CRC presenting as, management of, Hartmann resection in, loop colostomy in, 533 SEMS in, single-stage primary resection and anastomosis in, 534 total abdominal colectomy in, Double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) in CRC screening, 492 Dysplasia in IBD, See also Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) E Elderly CRC screening recommendations for, 497 EMR. See Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) End ileostomy total proctocolectomy with in FAP management, 615 Endorectal ultrasonography (ERUS) in local staging for rectal cancer, Endoscopic and laparoscopic combined surgery in difficult colorectal polyp management, Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in difficult colorectal polyp management, Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in difficult colorectal polyp management, Endoscopy in CRC screening, 492 ERUS. See Endorectal ultrasonography (ERUS) ESD. See Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) EVOCAPE-1 study, 673 F Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), causes of, 614 chemoprevention for, 615 CRC screening recommendations for people with, 496 incidence of, 610, 613

6 708 Index Familial (continued ) surgery for, surveillance for, work-up for, 614 FAP. See Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) Fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) in CRC screening, 491 FITS. See Fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in CRC management, 690 Free perforation CRC presenting as, FU. See 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) G Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of colon, anatomy and pathophysiology of, 648 clinical presentation and examination of, 648 diagnosis of, incidence of, 648 introduction, 648 outcomes of, 651 treatment of, gfobt. See Guaiac fecal occult blood testing (gfobt) GISTs. See Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) Guaiac fecal occult blood testing (gfobt) in CRC screening, H HALS. See Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS), open surgery vs., 552 Hartmann resection in distal obstruction management, in obstructing renal cancer management, 537 Hemorrhaging CRC presenting as, 540 Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes, See also specific syndromes FAP, HNPCC/Lynch syndrome, introduction, MAP, 617 SPS, Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)/Lynch syndrome, causes of, described, 606 diagnosis of, genetic testing for, 609 prevalence of, 606

7 Index 709 risk factors for, surgical approach to, 610 surveillance of, 610 HIPEC. See Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in cancer therapy value of, in colorectal PM management, agents in, 676 background of, 672 controversies related to, introduction, morbidity associated with, 678 ongoing studies, outcomes of, principles of, 674 technical details, I IBD. See Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) total proctocolectomy with in FAP management, Ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) TAC with in FAP management, Ileostomy loop in obstructing renal cancer management, 537 Imaging techniques CRC related, See also specific techniques and Colorectal cancer (CRC), imaging of Immunotherapy for CRC, Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) CRC screening recommendations for people with, 496 dysplasia and cancer in, epidemiology of, introduction, management of, pathogenesis of, 629 screening and surveillance for, introduction, IPAA. See Ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) IRA. See Ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) K KRAS gene in CRC pathway development,

8 710 Index L Laparoscopic colorectal surgery, advances in, approaches to, HALS, MLS, 551 open surgery vs. HALS, 552 robotics-assisted MIS vs. laparoscopy, 553 SILS, introduction, operative steps in, conversion, 551 instruments, 549 left colectomy, 550 low anterior resection, patient positioning, 548 right colectomy, risk factors for, surgeon volume and learning curves related to, Large bowel obstruction CRC presenting as, described, 530 distal obstructions, See also Distal obstructions evaluation of, proximal obstructions, 532 Loop colostomy in distal obstruction management, 533 in obstructing renal cancer management, 537 Loop ileostomy in obstructing renal cancer management, 537 Lymphoma(s), primary colorectal, See also Primary colorectal lymphoma (PCL) Lynch syndrome causes of, CRC screening recommendations for people with, 496 described, 606 diagnosis of, prevalence of, 606 risk factors for, surgical approach to, 610 surveillance of, 610 M Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of CRC, 506, 507 pelvic in local staging for rectal cancer, MAP. See MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) Metalloproteinases (MMPs)

9 Index 711 in CRC prevention, Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) evaluation of, 658 primary tumor in, asymptomatic resection of, unresectable, chemotherapy as initial treatment of, nonsurgical approaches to, 665 symptomatic, Microsatellite instability (MSI), 692 in CRC pathway development, Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for CRC, MIS. See Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) Mismatch repair in CRC pathway development, 686 Mismatch repair protein deficiency in CRC pathway development, 686 MLS. See Multiport laparoscopic surgery (MLS) MMPs. See Metalloproteinases (MMPs) Molecular markers for CRC, APC gene, 684 BRAF gene, 686 introduction, KRAS gene, p53, 686 risk recurrence related, therapies targeting, MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MSI. See Microsatellite instability (MSI) Multiport laparoscopic surgery (MLS), 551 MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP), 617 N Neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer management, 581 NETs. See Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), anatomy and pathophysiology of, clinical presentation and examination of, 645 diagnosis of, introduction, 644 outcomes of, 647 treatment of, 647 O Obesity as factor in laparoscopic colorectal surgery,

10 712 Index Obstructing colon cancers defined, P p53 in CRC pathway development, 686 PAS. See Prior abdominal surgery (PAS) PCL. See Primary colorectal lymphoma (PCL) PD-1. See Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) Pelvic MRI in local staging for rectal cancer, Perforation CRC presenting as, Peritoneal metastasis (PM) colorectal background of, 672 management of, chemotherapy alone in, controversies related to, CRS in, See also Cytoreduction surgery (CRS), in colorectal PM management HIPEC in, See also Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), in colorectal PM management introduction, ongoing studies, PET. See Positron emission tomography (PET) PET/CT. See Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) Plain films of CRC, PM. See Peritoneal metastasis (PM) Polyp(s) colorectal, See also Colorectal polyp(s) premalignant local excision of, 574 Polypectomy conventional snare in difficult colorectal polyp management, Polyposis. See specific types, e.g., MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) Positron emission tomography (PET) of CRC, 506, 507 Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) of CRC, 506, 507 Premalignant polyps local excision of, 574 Primary colorectal lymphoma (PCL), anatomy and pathophysiology of, 642 clinical presentation and examination of, 642 diagnosis of, introduction, 642 outcomes of, 644

11 Index 713 prevalence of, 642 treatment of, Primary tumor in stage IV CRC resection of, See also Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) Prior abdominal surgery (PAS) as factor in laparoscopic colorectal surgery, Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), therapies related to, Proximal obstructions, 532 R Radiation as factor in laparoscopic colorectal surgery, 555 Radiographic tests in CRC screening, Rectal adenocarcinoma, 641 local excision of, Rectal cancer local excision of, adjuvant therapy with, 581 complications of, 579 indications to proceed with radical surgery, introduction, neoadjuvant therapy with, 581 outcomes of, 580 patient selection for, for premalignant polyps, 574 salvage therapy with, 581 technique, TAMIS, TEM, transanal excision, local staging for, ERUS in, pelvic MRI in, new strategies in management of, after incomplete response, introduction, tatme, TME, organ preservation in, tumor response assessment in, timing of, tools in, watch and wait strategy in, Reduced port and single-incision/single-port robotic colorectal surgery, Renal cancer obstructing, 537 Robotic colorectal surgery

12 714 Index Robotic (continued) for neoplasia, See also Robotic total mesorectal excision (RTME) benefits of, costs related to, 567 described, evolution of, introduction, learning curve for, limitations of, 562 outcomes of, robotic colon resections, 567 technique, Robotics-assisted MIS laparoscopy vs., 553 Robotic total mesorectal excision (RTME), 561, See also Robotic colorectal surgery, for neoplasia technique, described, instruments in, macroretraction in, microretraction in, positioning for, 564 rectal dissection, Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Resection for Rectal Cancer (ROLARR) trial, ROLARR trial. See Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Resection for Rectal Cancer (ROLARR) trial RTME. See Robotic total mesorectal excision (RTME) S Salvage therapy in rectal cancer management, 581 Screening techniques CRC related, See also specific techniques and Colorectal cancer (CRC), screening for Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) in distal obstruction management, in obstructing renal cancer management, 537 SEMS. See Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) Serrated adenomas CpG island methylator phenotype in, 688 Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS), causes of, 618 diagnosis of, 618 incidence of, 617 screening and surveillance for, surgical approach to, 619 Sigmoidoscopy in CRC screening, SILS. See Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS),

13 Index 715 Single-stage primary resection and anastomosis in distal obstruction management, 534 SPS. See Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) Stool-based tests in CRC screening, T TAAs. See Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) TAC/IRA. See Total abdominal colectomy (TAC) with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) TAMIS. See Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) tatme. See Transanal total mesenteric excision (tatme) TEM. See Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) TME. See Total mesorectal excision (TME) Total abdominal colectomy (TAC) in distal obstruction management, with IRA in FAP management, Total mesorectal excision (TME) in rectal cancer management, Total mesorectal excision (TME) transanal in rectal cancer management, Total proctocolectomy with end ileostomy in FAP management, 615 Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) in FAP management, Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) complications of, 579 in difficult colorectal polyp management, 522 outcomes of, 580 in rectal cancer excision, Transanal excision of rectal cancer, Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) complications of, 579 in difficult colorectal polyp management, 522 outcomes of, 580 in rectal cancer excision, Transanal total mesenteric excision (tatme) in rectal cancer management, Tumor(s). See also specific types, e.g., Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) colorectal atypical, See also specific types and Colorectal tumors, atypical Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), 691 therapies related to, U Ultrasonography of CRC, 504

14 716 Index Ultrasonography (continued) endorectal in local staging for rectal cancer, V Vaccine(s) for CRC, 693