COST CONSIDERATIONS Union for International Cancer Control 2014 Review of Cancer Medicines on the WHO List of Essential Medicines!!!!!!!!!
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1 UICCEMLCostingScenarios BackoftheEnvelope Calculations PreparedforWorkingGroupSession:19621November2014,Geneva
2 MethodsSummary We have chosen a conservative approach, calculating cost per vial. We have assumed procurement of 162 mid6range vial sizes for each drug and that a vial cannot be reused once opened.thismethodologywaschosentorepresentthemostlikelypracticalscenario.while vial sizes may be available in a number of different sizes for each drug, these sizes do not alwayscorrespondtotheexactdosageapatientwouldreceive.forexample,ifapatientwitha body surface area of 2m2 requires a dose of a drug equal to 4mg/m2, 8mg total would be requiredforthatdose.however,iftheonlyavailablevialsizeis10mg,thepricefortreating thatpatientwouldbethecostofprocuringthe10mgvial,notjustthecostofthe8mgactually used.ifmultiplepatientswiththesamechemotherapyregimenareseenonthesameday,it would be possible for the staff to use the additional dosage for another patient and avoid waste.however,giventhesmallerpatientvolumesinlowresourcecountries,thisscenariois lesslikely.overageamountscouldalsobeminimizedbyprocuringsmallervialsizes.however, procurementofsmallvialsizescanbedifficultandunlikelyinpracticeformanycountries.the chosen methodology leads to conservative estimates, as prices can be reduced by either procuringsmalleradditionalvialsizesand/ortreatingmorepatientswiththesamediseaseon thesamedays. All drug prices are calculated using Management Sciences for Health 2013 International Drug PriceIndicator.Pricesreflectthelowestaveragecostavailable. Moredetailscanbeprovidedonmethodology,onrequest. References:) MSH(ManagementSciencesforHealth).2014.InternationalDrugPriceIndicatorGuide,2013 Edition.(Updatedannually.)Medford,Mass.:MSH. Scenarios 1. DiffuseLargeB6cellLymphoma 2. EarlyStageBreastCancer 3. Hodgkin slymphoma 4. Kaposi ssarcoma 5. Rhabdomyosarcoma 6. StageIIIColonCancer 7. WilmsTumor
3 EARLYSTAGEBREASTCANCER Scenario:anERpositive/HER2positivewomanwithabodysurfaceareaof1.7m 2 andabodyweightof 62kg. EssentialRegimen:ACGT Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamidefollowedbypaclitaxel(4cyclesofeach) UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment Doxorubicin $6.48per50mgvial 12vials $77.75 $8.75per500mgvial 4500mgvials+ $46.79 Cyclophosphamide $2.89per1gvial 41gvials Paclitaxel $7.42per100mgvial 12vials $88.27 Tamoxifen $0.03per20mgtab6cap 1,825(1dailyfor5years) $60.23 TotalCost $ AdvancedRegimenIncludingTrastuzumab,forHER2Positivedisease:ACGTH Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamidefollowedbypaclitaxel/trastuzumab UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment Doxorubicin $6.48per50mgvial 12vials $77.75 $8.75per500mgvial 4500mgvials+ $46.79 Cyclophosphamide $2.89per1gvial 41gvials Paclitaxel $7.42per100mgvial 24vials $ Tamoxifen $0.03per20mgtab6cap 1,825(1dailyfor5years) $60.23 Trastuzumab $6.27permg 6,448mg $40, TotalCost $40, **Methodology)addendum:Ifacountryprocuresonly50mgvialsofDoxorubicin,3vialswillberequired foreachcyclewithintheac6tregimen,resultinginatotalof$77.74forafullcourseofdoxorubicin. Thiscalculationamountstoadrugwasteof192mgoverthecourseoftreatment.Ifonly10mgvialscan beprocured,thecostoftreatmentwouldincreaseto$104.56butlesswastewouldbeincurred.ifboth sizevialscouldbeprocured,verylittlewastewouldbeexpectedandthefullcostfortreatmentwould beonly$62.29.
4 DIFFUSELARGEBGCELLLYMPHOMA CHOPScenario Apatientwithabodysurfaceareaof1.8m 2 receivingr6chopfor6cycles. EssentialRegimen:CHOP:Chemotherapyonly,6cycles UnitSizeandCost Unitsrequiredfor entireregimen TotalCost Cyclophosphamide $8.75per500mgvial $2.89per1gvial 6x500mgvials+ 6x1gvials $69.83 Doxorubicin $6.48per50mgvial 12vials $77.75 Vincristine $2.61per1gvial 18vials $47.02 Prednisone $0.03per100mgtab6cap 30tab6caps $0.81 TotalCost $ RGCHOPScenario Apatientwithabodysurfaceareaof1.8m 2 receivingr6chopfor6cycles. AdvancedRegimen:RGCHOP:Chemotherapyplusmonoclonalantibody,6cycles UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment $14.65per10mg/ml 408ampoules Rituximab ampoule $5, Cyclophosphamide $8.75per500mgvial $2.89per1gvial 6500mgvials+ 61gvials $69.83 Doxorubicin $6.48per50mgvial 12vials $77.75 Vincristine $2.61per1gvial 18vials $47.02 Prednisone $0.03per100mgtab6cap 30tab6caps $0.81 TotalCost $6,171.79
5 STAGEIIICOLONCANCER RoswellParkScenario:apatientwithabodysurfaceareaof1.8m 2 receivingleucovorinondays1,8,15 withina28daycycleand56fuondays1,8,15withina28dcycleforatotalof6cycles EssentialRegimen:6cyclesofLeucovorin+5GFU UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora fullcourseoftreatment TotalCost Leucovorin(calcium $2.35per50mgvial 324vials folinate) $ FU(Fluorouracil) $0.11per50mgampoule 324vials $34.34 TotalCost $ mfolfox6scenario:apatientwithabodysurfaceareaof1.8m 2 receivingleucovorin,56fuand Oxaliplatinover6cycles AdvancedRegimen:6cyclesof14dayseach=Leucovorin@400mg/m2onday1+5GFU@400mg/m2 onday1+5gfu@1200mg/m2dailyondays1+2+oxaliplatin@85mg/m2onday1 UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment Leucovorin(calcium $2.35per50mgvial folinate) 86vials $ FU(Fluorouracil) $0.11per50mgampoule 86vials $ FU(Fluorouracil) $0.11per50mgampoule 518vials $54.95 Oxaliplatin $7.93per50mgvial 24vials $ TotalCost $457.13
6 HODGKIN SLYMPHOMA LimitedDiseaseScenario:apatientwithabodysurfaceareaof1.8m 2 andlimiteddiseasereceiving3 cyclesofabvd:2doseseach28days,foratotalof14fulldoses. EssentialRegimen:ABVD:2G4cyclesforlimiteddisease(repeatedevery28days) UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora fullcourseoftreatment TotalCost Doxorubicin $6.48per50mgvial 6vials $38.87 Bleomycin $11.13per15mgvial 12vials $ Vinblastine $8.84per10mgvial 12vials $ Dacarbazine $7.16per200mgvial 24vials $ TotalCost $ AdvancedDiseaseScenario:apatientwithabodysurfaceareaof1.8m 2 andadvanceddisease receiving7cyclesofabvd:2doseseach28days,foratotalof14fulldoses. EssentialRegimen:ABVD:6G8cyclesforadvanceddisease(repeatedevery28days) UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment Doxorubicin $6.48per50mgvial 14vials $90.71 Bleomycin $11.13per15mgvial 28vials $ Vinblastine $8.84per10mgvial 28vials $ Dacarbazine $7.16per200mgvial 56vials $ TotalCost $1, **Methodology)addendum:Whilewastewillbeincurredforeachdruglistedabove,thecalculations representtheleastwastepossible.doxorubicinispricedattheclosestvialsizeavailableandbleomycin, Vinblastine,andDacarbazineareallpricedattheonlyvialsizepricingavailable.
7 KAPOSI SSARCOMA Scenario:apatientwithabodysurfaceareaof1.8m 2 andarelapsedcaseofkaposi ssarcoma EssentialRegimen: Either:Paclitaxel,100mg/m2every2weeksovera6monthperiod UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora fullcourseoftreatment TotalCost Paclitaxel $7.42per100mgvial 24vials $ Or:PLD,20mg/m2every2weeksovera6monthperiod UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment PLD(Doxilgeneric) $468per50mgvial 8vials $3, HIVGPositiveScenario:anHIV6positivepatientwithaBSAof1.8m 2 receivingabvfor6cycles AdvancedRegimen:ABVforHIVGpositivePatients:6cycles UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment Vinblastine $8.84per10mgvial 12vials $ Bleomycin $11.13per15iuvial 12vials $ Doxorubicin $6.48per50mgvial 6vials $38.87 $ HIVGNegativeScenario:anHIV6negativepatientwithaBSAof1.8m 2 receivingabvfor6cycles AdvancedRegimen:ABVforHIVGnegativePatients:6cycles UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment Vinblastine $8.84per10mgvial 12vials $ Bleomycin $11.13per15iuvial 12vials $ Doxorubicin $6.48per50mgvial 12vials $77.75 $317.30
8 COST CONSIDERATIONS Step2Regimen:Vincristine:1.4mg/m 2 fortnightlyfor6cycles UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment Vincristine $2.61per1mgvial 18vials $47.02 Step2Regimen:Vincristine/Bleomycin:6cyclesfor6cycles UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment Vincristine $2.61per1mgvial 18vials $47.02 Bleomycin $11.13per15iuvial 12vials $ $ **Methodology)addendum:Whilewastewillbeincurredforeachdruglistedabove,thecalculations representtheleastwastepossible.doxorubicinandpaclitaxelarepricedattheclosestvialsizeavailable andvinblastineandbleomycinarebothpricedattheonlyvialsizepricingavailable.
9 RHABDOMYOSARCOMA EssentialScenario:ayoungpatientwithabodysurfaceareaof0.6m 2 receivingvacover12cycles EssentialRegimen:12cyclesofVAC UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment Cyclophosphamide $8.75per500mgvial 24vials $ Vincristine $2.61per1mgvial 12vials $31.34 ActinomycinGD $18.16per500mcgvial 24vials $ TotalCost $ AdvancedScenario:ayoungpatientwithabodysurfaceareaof0.6m2receivingtheIrinotecan6 Vincristineregimenover12cycles AdvancedRegimen:12cyclesofIrinotecanGVincristine:50mg/m2ofIrinotecanfor5dayseachcycle and1.5mg/m2(max2mg)ofvincristineforonedayeachcycle UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment Irinotecan $51.59per20mgvial 120vials $6, Vincristine $2.61per1mgvial 12vials $31.34 TotalCost $6,222.14
10 WILM STUMOR EssentialScenario:ayoungpatientwithlocalizeddiseaseatdiagnosis:Stage1Intermediaterisk(IR) andabodysurfaceareaof0.6m 2 andweightequalto15kg. EssentialRegimen:PreGOp:4dosesover4weeksofvincristine(1.5mg/m2,maximum2mg)and2 dosesinweeks1&3ofactinomycind(45ug/kgiv,maximum2mg);postgop(4gweeksofvincristine (1.5mg/m2,maximum2mg)and1doseinweek1ofactinomycinD(45ug/kgIV,maximum2mg) UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment Vincristine $2.61per1mgvial 8vials $20.90 ActinomycinGD $18.16per500mcgvial 6vials $ TotalCost $ AdvancedScenario:ayoungpatientwithMetastaticWilm stumorandabodysurfaceareaof0.6m2 andweightequalto15kg. AdvancedRegimen:PreGOp:9dosesover9weeksofvincristine(1.5mg/m2,maximum2mg)and5 doses(everyotherweeks)ofactinomycind(45ug/kgiv,maximum2mg)and3dosesdoxorubicin 50mg/m2;postGop(11Gweeksofvincristine(1.5mg/m2,maximum2mg)and5dosesofactinomycinD (45ug/kgIV,maximum2mg)and5dosesDoxorubicin50mg/m2 UnitSizeandCost #ofunitsnecessaryfora TotalCost fullcourseoftreatment Vincristine $2.61per1mgvial 20vials $52.24 ActinomycinGD $18.16per500mcgvial 20vials $ Doxorubicin $6.48per50mgvial 8vials $51.83 TotalCost $467.35
11 Medicine, *not$on$the$who$eml$18th$ed Afatinib* Aflibercept* Strength Dosage,form Unit,price, Lowest (US$), Median, (US$) Highest, (US$) MSH,,International,Drug,Price,Indicator,Guide,2013,Edition, Buyer,prices,US$ No.,of,prices, High/low, ratio, Median, (US$), Supplier,prices,US$, If,one,pricing,source Allopurinol0 1000mg0 tab3cap per0tab mg0 tab3cap per0tab (JMS): Anastrozole* 10mg0 tab3cap per0tab letrozole* 2.50mg tab3cap per0tab Exemestane* Asparaginase 10,0000iu/ml0 vial only0one0pricing0source00(namibia): /ml 1,0000iu/ml ampoule only0one0pricing0source0(costa0rica):03.7/ml0 Bendamustine* Bevacizumab* Bicalutamide* 500mg0 tab3cap per0tab Bleomycin 150iu vial per0vial (MEDS):015.9 Calcium0folinate/leucovorin 150mg tab3cap per0tab mg vial per0vial Capecitabine* 1500mg tab3cap only0one0pricing0source0(saf): /tab3cap0 5000mg tab3cap per0tab Carboplatin0 1500mg vial per0vial (platinum0class0 4500mg vial per0vial Cetuximab* Cisplatin* 100mg vial only0one0pricing0source0(saf): /ml0 10mg/ml vial only0one0pricing0source0(barbados): /ml0 0500mg vial per0vial Chlorambucil 20mg tab3cap per0tab Crizotinib* Cyclophosphamide 1g vial per0vial (MSD/TANZ): mg0 vial only0one0pricing0source0(namibia): /vial0 (MSD/TANZ): mg0 vial per0vial mg tab3cap per0tab Cytarabine 1000mg0 vial per0vial mg0 vial per0vial Dacarbazine 2000mg vial per0vial Dactinomycin 5000mcg vial per0vial Daunorubicin 200mg0 vial per0vial Dexamethasone 0.50mg0 tab3cap per0tab mg/ml0 ampoule per0ml mg/ml0 ampoule only0one0pricing0source0(drc):00.090/ml0 Docetaxel 200mg0 vial per0vial mg0 vial0 per0vial Doxorubicin 100mg0 vial per0vial mg0 vial per0vial Doxorubicin0liposomal* Erlotinib* Etoposide 200mg/ml vial per0ml Filgrastim*0 3000mcg/ml ampoule per0ml Fludarabine*0phosphate 500mg vial per0vial Fluorouracil0 500mg/ml ampoule per0ml Gefitinib* Gemcitabine* 1g vial per0vial mg vial per0vial Hydroxycarbamide/hydroxyure 5000mg tab3cap per0tab
12 Medicine, *not$on$the$who$eml$18th$ed Strength Dosage,form Unit,price, Lowest (US$), Median, (US$) Highest, (US$) MSH,,International,Drug,Price,Indicator,Guide,2013,Edition, Buyer,prices,US$ No.,of,prices, High/low, ratio, Median, (US$), Supplier,prices,US$, If,one,pricing,source Idarubicin* 100mg vial per0vial only0one0pricing0source0(saf): /vial0 Ifosfamide 10g vial per0vial g0 vial only0one0pricing0source0(saf): /vial0 5000mg0 vial per0vial Imatinib* 1000mg0 tab3cap per0tab mg0 tab3cap per0tab Irinotecan* Leuprolide0acetate* Melphalan* 20mg tab3cap per0tab Mercaptopurine 500mg0 tab3cap per0tab Mesna 1000mg/ml ampoule per0ml mg0 ampoule per0amp Methotrexate 250mg/ml vial0 per0ml AMSTELFAR: mg0 tab3cap per0tab DURBIN: Mifamurdine* Oxaliplatin 1000mg0 vial per0vial (platinum) 500mg0 vial per0vial Paclitaxel 1000mg0 vial per0vial mg/ml vial per0ml Panitumumab* Prednisone 200mg0 tab3cap per0tab (UNFPA): (under0class0representative0 500mg0 tab3cap only0one0pricing0source0(peru): /tab3cap0 prednisolone) 50mg0 tab3cap per0tab Premetexed* Procarbazine Regorafenib* Rituximab* 100mg/ml ampoule0 per0ml Sunitinib* Tamoxifen 100mg0 tab3cap only0one0pricing0source0(saf): /tab3cap0 (IDA): mg0 tab3cap per0tab Thioguanine 400mg tab3cap only0one0pricing0source0(namibia): /tab3cap Thiotepa* Trastuzumab* Tretinoin* Vinblastine 100mg0 vial per0vial Vincristine 10mg0 vial per0vial Vinorelbine*
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