Paul Williams USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS Evaluation of GEM Germplasm for Resistance to Aflatoxin Accumulation 2007 Results
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1 Paul Williams USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS Evaluation of GEM Germplasm for Resistance to Aflatoxin Accumulation 2007 Results Contamination of corn grain with aflatoxin, a toxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus, is a major impediment to profitable corn production in the southern United States. ARS breeding programs at Tifton, Georgia and Mississippi State have been engaged in a long-term effort to identify sources of resistance and to develop germplasm with resistance to aflatoxin accumulation. In recent years, the GEM project has been a primary source of new germplasm for resistance screening. Results of some of the 2007 evaluations follow. 1. Evaluation of inbreds for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation at Mississippi State in 2007 (Table 1). Entries 1-11 were provided by Mike Blanco. They exhibited excellent resistance to Fusarium ear rot in an evaluation conducted in California. Entries had been selected for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation by Matt Krakowsky at Tifton, Georgia. Entries were selected for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation by Michael Clements, Gary Windham, and Paul Williams at Mississippi State. Entries are resistant checks and 38-40, susceptible checks. These lines were grown in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Ears were inoculated with an A. flavus spore suspension 7 days after midsilk using the side needle technique. Aflatoxin concentration in the grain was determined by the Vicam Afla Test. Data were transformed [ln (y+1)] for statistical analysis. 2. Evaluation of top crosses for aflatoxin accumulation at Mississippi State in 2007 (Table 2). Top crosses of the inbreds exhibiting Fusarium ear rot resistance in California were obtained from Mike Blanco (entries 1-11). They were evaluated along with crosses of lines selected for resistance to aflatoxin contamination at Mississippi State; some of the lines were derived from GEM germplasm. The crosses were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Ears were inoculated with an A. flavus spore suspension 7 days after midsilk using the side needle technique. Aflatoxin concentration was determined by the Vicam Afla Test procedure. Data were transformed [ln (y+1)] before statistical analysis. 3. Multi-location evaluation of top crosses for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation (Table 3). Lines selected from GEM germplasm for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation were evaluated in top crosses at Raleigh, NC; Tifton, GA; and Mississippi State, MS, in The top crosses were grown in a randomized complete block design with four replications at each location. At Raleigh and Mississippi State, developing ears were inoculated with A. flavus using the side needle technique. At Tifton, ears were inoculated with a knife dipped in an A. flavus spore suspension. Aflatoxin concentration in the grain was determined by using the Vicam Afla Test. Data were transformed [ln (y +1)] for statistical analysis. The entry location interaction was highly significant.
2 Table 1. Evaluation of lines for aflatoxin accumulation at Mississippi State in Aflatoxin Entry Pedigree ln (y+1) a ng/g b 1 c ( /98_DKXL370AN11F2S3_ )-B-B ( /98_DKXL370AN11F2S3_ )-B-B ( /98_DKXL370AN11F2S3_ )-B-B ( /98_DKXL370AN11F2S3_ )-B ( /98_DKXL370AN11F2S3_ )-B-B ( /98_DK212TN11F2S3_ )-B-B BR51721:N B-B AR16026:S B-B PE001n16F2S2-239-B-B-B AR16026:S B-B-B-B-B DKXL370:N11a B-B-Sib-B d AR16026:S B-B-B AR16026:S B-B-B ( _DK212T_S11_F2S4_9154-Blk20/00-sib) ( _DK212T_S11_F2S4_9154-Blk20/00-sib) ( _XL370A_S11_F2S4_3363-Blk03/00-sib) ( _XL380_S11_F2S4_71/97_Bulk/98-sib) ( _XL380_S11_F2S4_71/97_Bulk/98-sib) ( _XL380_S11_F2S4_71/97_Bulk/98-sib) CUBA117:S B-B-B CUBA117:S B-B-B CUBA117:S B-B-B e ( _XL370A_S11_F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) B ( _XL370A_S11_F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) B ( _XL370A_S11_F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) B ( _XL370A_S11_F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) B ( _XL370A_S11_F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) B ( _XL370A_S11_F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) B ( _XL370A_S11_F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) B ( _XL370A_S11_F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) B ( _XL370A_S11_F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) B ( _XL370A_S11_F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) B ( _XL370A_S11_F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) B f Mp 313E (Resistant) Mp 420 (Resistant) Mp 717 (Resistant) NC 300 (Resistant) Va 35 (Susceptible) GA 209 (Susceptible) SC 212M (Susceptible) LSD (0.05) 1.17 Mean 5.95 CV a Data were transformed [ln (y+1)] before statistical analysis.
3 b Geometric means were calculated by converting transformed means to the original scale. c Entries 1-11 were previously selected for resistance to Fusarium ear rot. d Entries were selected for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation at Tifton, GA. e Entries were selected for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation at Mississippi State, MS. f Check inbreds.
4 Table 2. Evaluation of top crosses for aflatoxin accumulation at Mississippi State in Aflatoxin Entry Pedigree ln (y+1) a ng/g b 1 c /98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3xT /98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3xT /98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3xT /98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3xT /98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3xT /98 DK212TN11F2S3xT BR51721:N x HC AR16026:S B x LH PE001n16F2S2-239 x LH AR16026:S B-B-B-B x DKXL370:N11a B-B-B-B 11 [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#)-5] x LH d [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] x Va35 13 [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] x Va35 14 Mp 04:96 x LH Mp 04:97 x LH Mp 04:97 x Va Mp 04:97 x NC Mp 04:97 x Mo18W B110 x Mp 04: B110 x Mp 04: B110 x Mp 04: (CUBA:S15)F7-1a x MP 04: (CUBA:S15)F7-1a x MP 04: (CUBA:S15)F7-1a x MP 04: Mp 04:104 x B S2B73 x Mp 04: S2B73 x Mp 04: S2B73 x Mp 04: Mp 313E x Mo18W (Resistant ck) Mp 313E x Mp717 (Resistant ck) T173 x LH219 (Susceptible ck) T173 x Va35 (Susceptible ck) GA209 x SC212m (Susceptible ck) Dk679 (commercial ck) (commercial ck) LSD (0.05) 1.14 Mean 5.40 CV a Data were transformed [ln (y+1)] before statistical analysis.
5 b Geometric means were calculated by converting transformed means to the original scale. c Entries 1-11 were top crosses previously screened for Fusarium ear rot in California. d Entries are top crosses and other crosses among lines selected for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation at Mississippi State. e Entries are hybrid checks..
6 Table 3. Aflatoxin accumulation in testcrosses of lines selected from GEM germplasm and evaluated at Raleigh, NC; Tifton, GA; and Starkville, MS, in Aflatoxin Pedigree Raleigh Tifton Starkville Overall ln(y+1) a ng/g b ln(y+1) a ng/g b ln(y+1) a ng/g b ln(y+1) a ng/g b [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#)-1-2-B-1] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va [(2250_01_XL370AS11-F254_9214_Blk21/00-#) ] Va Mp04:97 Va Mp313E Va Mp715 Va Mp717 Va GA209 Va LSD(0.05) Mean CV a Data were transformed [ln(y+1)] before statistical analysis. b Geometric means were calculated by converting transformed means to the original scale.
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