Warm Up- page 84. Name the 3 phases of the Cell Cycle and their purpose. List the phases of Mitosis! Explain the cartoon.

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1 Warm Up- page 84 Name the 3 phases of the Cell Cycle and their purpose. List the phases of Mitosis! Explain the cartoon. Agenda: Egg Lab Cell Regulation and Diff. Notes Concept Map

2 Bell Work Can you fill in the missing information about the cell cycle? Draw this and provide answers on your paper

3 Do I keep Dividing? Yes or No?? Signals help turn division ON or OFF! The cell cycle is drive by a chemical control system and regulated at checkpoints The cell senses chemical and physical signals There are 2 types of Signals: Chemical Internal External Physical These signals and checkpoints during the cell cycle can STOP the cell division! A cell cycle checkpoint = critical control point in cell cycle where stop and go signals can regulate the cycle

4 1. Internal Signals 2. External Signals Internal signals inside the cell The cell senses the presence of chemicals, ENZYMES, produced inside the cell. External signals outside the cell The cell senses chemicals like GROWTH FACTOR produced by other cells.

5 3. Physical Signals Physical Cells in contact with each other and too close will send the message to turn OFF Cells not in contact will turn ON and start dividing.

6 Checkpoints Critical control points where stop and go signals can regulate the cell cycle. Cell division is usually turned OFF when there is no stimulus present Specific stimuli are required to start cell divisions Two major checkpoints G1 S G2 M

7 I m out of control!! Cancer is the consequence of uncontrolled cellular division

8 Cancer Cells Cancer cells continue to divide without a stop signal Cancer cells are very densely packed together Starts as a single cell transformed into a cancer cell that has evaded destruction from your immune system Makes daughter cells that are also cancerous through the process of mitosis

9 Benign tumor VS. Malignant tumor Be Benign Mass of abnormal cells, stays at original site! Malignant Mass of cells that invade and impair new areas or organs (cancer spreads) If cancer cells metastasize, the cancer will spread to other tissues via the bloodstream.

10 Videos

11 Cell Differentiation and organization

12 Multicellular organisms begin as a single fertilized egg. This single cell then gives rise to many different types of cells through cell division (aka mitosis). However, cell division alone could only lead to increasing numbers of identical cells. BUT we know that within multicellular organisms, cells have a different structures and functions. From one cell to many cells The multicellular organism

13 Differentiation As cell division occurs, cells not only increase in number but they also undergo differentiation Differentiation = when a cell becomes specialized in structure and function

14

15 Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems In a multicellular organisms, the various types of cells (such as blood, muscle, or epithelial cells) arrange into tissues which are organized into organs, and, ultimately, into organ systems.

16 The same but different?!?! All the cells of a multicellular organism have exactly the same DNA. So then, how do different cells do different things? During the process of cell differentiation, only specific parts of the DNA are activated The parts of the DNA that are activated determine the function and specialized structure of a cell. Because all cells contain the same DNA, all cells initially have the potential to become any type of cell. However, once a cell differentiates, the process cannot be reversed.

17

18

19 Stem Cells Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to become specialized cells through differentiation. Embryonic cells, which have not yet differentiated into various cell types, are called embryonic stem cells. Stem cells found in adult organisms, for instance in bone marrow, are called adult stem cells. Scientists have recently demonstrated that stem cells, both embryonic and adult, with the right laboratory culture conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.

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21 To Do? Work on: Cell Project Egg Lab Formal Lab Study Guides for Units 3, 4, 5 (p. 55, 67, 81) Quiz tomorrow on Cell Cycle (Unit 5). Test on Friday regardless of weather. If we are not here Thursday, Project due next day.

22 78 Essential Question: How do eukaryotic cells grow and divide in the cell cycle? Interphase Purpose: Large enough for division with 2 sets of DNA G1- grows and create S-chromosomes and form sister chromatid held by a centromere G2- cell continues to and create protein Mitosis Purpose: (Make 2 cells from 1) Prophase- Metaphase- Anaphase- Telophase- (Picture-1- ; 7- ) Cell Cycle Cell Regulation (touch) - Internal - External Cancer- uncontrolled Benign- do not (travel) - invade and spread to other areas (harder to remove) Cytokinesis Purpose: Animal- forms Plant- forms

23 Interphase Purpose: Cell Growth Large enough for division with 2 sets of DNA G1- grows and create protein S-chromosomes replicate/double and form sister chromatid held by a centromere G2- cell continues to grow and create protein

24 Purpose: Cell Division Make 2 cells from 1 Prophase- 2,3 Metaphase-4 Anaphase-5 Telophase-6 Mitosis (Picture-1- Interphase 7- Cytokinesis)

25 Cytokinesis Purpose: division of cytoplasm Animal- cleavage furrow forms Plant- Cell plate forms

26 Cell Regulation Chemical Internal External Cancer- uncontrolled cell growth Physical (touch) Benign- do not metastasized (travel) Malignant- invade and spread to other areas (harder to remove)

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