Think back to last big teach...

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1 Think back to last big teach...

2 Remember.. Last time we look at some of the properties of waves. Used terms such as wave length and frequency. Now we will apply our understanding. Topics in physics are often not stand alone, they link with other topics!

3 P1- Topic 2 Big Teach The Electromagnetic Spectrum

4 Specification Link

5 Specification Link

6 Herschel and Ritter... h"ps:// 3me_con3nue=112&v=-JdhySH2PMc

7 Ideas behind experiment Herschel How was the temperature of the different parts of visible light different Ritter Experimenting with Silver Chloride for photography, Knew that it turned black when exposed to light. Equipment used Prism Thermometer Light Silver Chloride Light Prism Observations Was hotter towards the red end of the spectrum and even hotter beyond the red Turned black faster towards violet and even faster beyond the violet Conclusions from observations Must be invisible light beyond the red part of visible light. Must be invisible light beyond the violet part of visible light. Name of type of wave discovered Infrared Ultraviolet

8 Things to remember You can bullet point 6 mark questions, just make sure they are full sentences using correct scientific language They have asked you to discuss two experiments, do one at a time!

9 An explana)on including some of the following points Results obtained: Herschel: temperature on thermometer Ri"er: speed of darkening of silver chloride paper Trend of results: Herschel: ho"er towards red end Ri"er: quicker towards blue/violet end Extension of experiment to get more results: Herschel: measure below red; found it even ho"er Ri"er: measure above blue/violet; paper darkened quicker Conclusion: Herschel: Must be radia3on below red ( Infra Red) Ri"er: Must be radia3on above blue/violet ( UV)

10 740nm 370nm

11 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Key points you need to know... Electromagnetic waves that have long wavelengths have lower frequencies and less energy. And electromagnetic waves that have short wavelengths have high frequencies and high energy. LEARN THE ORDER!! Rich Men In Vegas Use expensive Gadgets (learn the order!) Think of your own pneumonic.

12 Electromagnetic Wave Uses Danger Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared Telecommunications Radio None Heating food Mobile phones Heating Night vision Remote controls Visible Light To see None Heat human body cells Possible link to brain tumours via mobile phone use. But no evidence Skin burns Ultraviolet Rays X-Rays Gamma Rays Tanning Salons Detect forged bank notes Identify stolen goods Detecting bones Airport security Treating cancer Sterilising food Skin cancer (mutations) Cataracts Ionising radiation- cell mutations that can cause cancer Ionising radiation- cell mutations that can cause cancer

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14 Not always so simple!

15 Key words wavelength, frequency, energy

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20 Ionising radiation?

21 Ionising Radiation... Gamma is Ionising- that means when it comes into contact with atoms it will make them lost electrons.

22 Why is this bad? We are made up of atoms. When atoms lose electrons they become ions. Ions are reactive. This causes the cells to mutate (because they are made up of atoms), which can lead to cancer!

23 Is Gamma the only type of ionising radiation?

24 h"ps:// v=k_zc1wkt0ca

25 What you need to know... Ionising radiation is emitted by radioactive sources. Alpha, beta and gamma are all ionising. Alpha and beta are particles and gamma is a wave. Ionising radiation can knock of electrons in atoms which can lead to cell mutation and eventually cancer.

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28 Want more questions? Past papers on singhscience and an exam booklet which is split up into the 6 different topics in P1.

Diploma Unit B - Element B7 - Physical agents 2 - Radiation February RMS Publishing. Fourth Edition November 2013

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