Index. B cell lymphoma 146 B cell lymphoma, Large 146

Transcription

1 Index Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome gut complications Adenocarcinoma, Oesophageal 30 Adenomatous polyposis coli 19 Adenomatous polyps 100 Adenovirus 63, 83 Aflatoxin 207 Age cholelithiasis 213, 216 diverticular disease 130 dyspepsia 48 gastric carcinoma 55 Hepatitis C 183 hepatocellular carcinoma 204 irritable bowel syndrome 50, 73 Alactasia 69 Alcohol 206, 207, acute pancreatitis 151 cholelithiasis 220 chronic pancreatitis haemochromatosis 201 liver disease 191 Alcohol intake colorectal carcinoma 113 Hepatitis C men 192 women Alcoholic liver disease progression 189 Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency 244 Amines, Aromatic 163 Amyloid disease 242 Anaemia, Pernicious See Pernicious anaemia Analytical studies 7 8, Antibiotic use Crohn's disease 140 Anxiety See also Stress Crohn's disease 141 Appendectomy ulcerative colitis 122 Appendicitis aetiology 93 associateddiseases 92 incidence natural history 93 prevalence Ascaris lumbricoides 89 Astrovirus 83 Attributable risk 15 Australia antigen 175 B cell lymphoma 146 B cell lymphoma, Large 146

2 246 Index Bacterial infection cholelithiasis 224 Barrett's oesophagus 30, 55 Bile acid sequestrants 224 Bile duct tumours 229 Biliary colic 209 Biliary epithelium 230 Blastocystis hominis 87 Bleeding in diverticular disease 130 Blood transfusion 176, 177 Bradford Hill criteria 8 Breastfeeding 121 Cafe coronary 234 Calcium 112 Calicivirus 83 Campylobacter 78, 83 Caroli's disease 230 Cathartic colon 96 Causality 12, 14 Celiac sprue See Coeliac disease Cestodes 89 Chance 13 Cholagiocarcinoma prevalence 229 Cholecystectomy 115 Cholecystitis definition 209 Cholecystitis, Acalculous 210 Choledochal cysts 230 Cholelithiasis classification 211 definition 211 natural history risk factors 216 Cholelitiasis prognosis Chromosome Cirrhosis , 204 genetic pre-disposition 192 hepatocellular carcinoma 205 risk factors Cirrhosis, Alcoholic 190 Clofibrate 223 Coeliac disease 146 associated disorders complications 64 definition 61 diagnosis 65 pathology prevalence 62 prognosis 66 risk factors 63 symptoms 62 Coffee as protective factor 192 Colitis cystica profunda 96 Collagen vascular disorders 243 Collagenous colitis Colon drug effects 97 Colorectal adenoma classification 99 definition 99 heredity 102 prevalence 100 risk factors Colorectal carcinoma aetiology 106 definition 105 incidence 105 prevalence rare causes risk factors Confounding 13 Constipation 134 Crohn's disease 115 definition 137 heredity incidence 138 prevalence 138 secular changes 137 Cryptosporidia 83, 87 Cyclospora cayetanensis 88 Cystic fibrosis 244 Depression Crohn's disease 141 Dermatitis herpetiformis Descriptive studies 5, 6, 11 Diabetes mellitus 241 colorectal carcinoma 113

3 Index 247 Diabetes mellitus (cont.) NASH 195 Diabetic autonomic neuropathy Diarrhoea 242 haemorrhoids 134 Diarrhoea, Bloody 119 Diarrhoea, Morning 236 Diarrhoea, Traveller's aetiology definition 77 distribution 78 prevention 78 Diarrhoea, Viral 83 Diarrhoea, Watery 125 Dientamoba fragilis 87 Diet colorectal adenoma 101 colorectal carcinoma 109 Crohn's disease 141 gastric carcinoma Dietary cholesterol Dietary fat colorectal adenoma 101 colorectal carcinoma 110 Dietary fibre colorectal adenoma 102 colorectal carcinoma 109 diverticular disease 131 Diverticular disease definition 129 prevalence 129 Diverticulitis 130 Diverticulosis 129 Down syndrome Drug use Hepatitis C 177 Drugs side effects 196 Duodenal ulcer 33 symptoms 34 Dyspepsia aetiology 49 definition 47 distribution 49 irritable bowel syndrome 73 morbidity 48 mortaliry 48 natural history 48 prevalence 47 treatment 49 E. coli 78 E. histolytica 78 Ear piercing 179 Emteropathy associated intestinal T cell lymphoma 146 Entamoeba histolytica 83, 86 Enterobius vermicularis 89 Environmental factors Epidemiology definition 5 Epidemiology, Analytic 6 Ethnicity cholelithiasis 213 Hepatitis A 166 pancreatic carcinoma 162 Evidence 7 Exercise cholelithiasis 219 colorectal carcinoma 114 diverticular disease 131 peptic ulcer 41 Familial adenomatous polyposis 20 Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome Fatty liver 189 Fibrosis Folate colorectal carcinoma 111 food poisoning pathogenesis Fruit and vegetable intake colorectal carcinoma 109 Fruit and vegetables 56 colorectal adenoma 102

4 248 Index Gforces 135 Gall bladder infection 209 Gall stones acute pancreatitis 151 Gastrectomy, Partial 56 Gastric adenocarcinoma Gastric carcinoma distribution 54 incidence 54 Gastric distension 24 Gastric ulcer 33 symptoms 34 Gastritis, Chronic classification infective causes 45 risk factors 45 type A 44 type B 44 Gastroenteritis, Bacterial 74 Gastrointestinal infections incidence 81 pathogenesis Gastroparesis 241 Gender See also Sex cholelithiasis 213, 216 Hepatitis C 183 Hepatocellular carcinoma 204 irritable bowel syndrome 73 Generalisability 13 Genetic factors Crohn's disease 139 Giardia lambia 83, 86 Gluten sensitivity 62 Gut neoplasia 19 Haemochromatosis definition 199 screening 202 Haemochromatosis 206 increasing recognition 201 life expectancy 202 Haemorrhoids incidence 134 prevalence 134 Halophilic bacteria 82 Helicobacter pylori 44, 55, 146 peptic ulcer 38 Hepatacellular carcinoma incidence 205 Hepatitis A classification 165 epidemics 165, 166 incidence 166 transmission 165 Hepatitis B distribution 172 natural history prevalence 170 prevention 173 prognosis 172 treatment 173 Hepatitis B virus 206 transmission Hepatitis C coinfection 184 complications 180 post-infective period 179 posttransfusion prevalence 176 prognosis 185 Hepatitis C virus 175, 206 genotypes 184 iatrogenic transmission 178 sexual transmission 178 transmission Hepatitis, Alcoholic 190 Hepatitis, Chronic 187 incidence 187 hepatocellular carcinoma definition 203 Hepatocellular carcinoma distribution 205 survival rates 203 Heptitis B virus Hereditary non polyposis colon cancer 107 Hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer 20 Heredity cholelithiasis 218 gastric carcinoma 58 irritable bowel syndrome 73

5 Index 249 Hiatus hernia 23 Hyperlipidaemic chronic pancreatitis 156 Hyperparathyroidism 156 Hyperplastic polyps 96, 101 IgA deficiency Ileal resection 223 Incidence 11 Infertility Inflammatory bowel disease 157 heredity 17 racial factors Inflammatory polyps 96 Iron metabolism 200 Iron overload ssyndromes Iron, Dietary 200 Irritable bowel syndrome 131 aetiology 74 definition 71 diagnosis 71 drug therapy 74 dyspepsia 48 Manning criteria 71 natural history 72 prevalence 72 psychological factors 73 Rome II criteria 72 Jaundice 230 Juvenile polyps 96 Lactase deficiency diagnosis 68 management 69 prevalence symptoms 68 Laxatives Liver metabolic changes 235 surgical resection 204 Liver biopsy 196 Liver disease 238 Liver transplantation 204 Logistic regression 15 Lymphocytic colitis Lymphoma 65 definition 145 Lymphoma, Mediterranean 146 Lymphotic colitis definition 125 prevalence 126 Lynch syndrome See Hereditary non polyposis colon cancer Lynch syndrome II 230 Malanosis coli 96 Mallory-Weiss lesion 234 Malnutrition chronic pancreatitis 156 Measles vaccination 142 Measures of exposure 11 Meat colorectal adenoma 102 colorectal carcinoma 111 Milk, Skim colorectal carcinoma 111 Morgagni's syndrome 234 Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue 145 Multiple biliary papillomatosis 230 NASH definition 195 metabolic causes prevalence 196 Naso-gastric intubation 25 Nematodes Nitrite and nitrate 57 Non alcoholic fatty liver disease 196 Non alcoholic steatohepatitis See NASH Norwalk virus 78 NSAIDs 97 as protective factor 224 colorectal carcinoma 112 lymphocytic colitis 126 peptic ulcer 39 treatment of cholecystitis 209 Nutrition liver disease 193 Obesity cholelithiasis colorectal carcinoma 113 Hepatitis C 184 NASH 195, 196

6 250 Index reflux oesophagitis 23 Oesophageal carcinoma definition 27 prevention 31 risk factors 30 Oestrogens choleleithiasis 217 Oral contracepetive pill 207 Oral contraceptive pill cholelithiasis 217 Crohn's disease 140 Pancolitis 122 Pancreas tumors Pancreas divisum 152, 157 Pancreatic adenocarcinoma definition 161 prevalence 161 risk factors Pancreatitis 162 Pancreatitis, Acute aetiology 151 classification 149 definition 149 incidence 150 mnagement 151 mortality 150 Pancreatitis, Chronic definition 153 diagnosis 154 prevalence 153 rare associations 157 therapy 158 Pancreatitis, Chronic Obstructive 156 Pancreatitis, Tropical 156 Pancretitis, Chronic idiopathic Parasites classification 85 Parity cholelithiasis 217 Parotid glands 233 Peptic ulcer 56 associated conditions 35 complications 35 definition 33 distribution 37 epidemics 37 mortality 35 prevalence 34 risk factors secular changes 36 treatment 36 Pernicious anaemia 44, 57 Peutz-Jegher syndrome 107 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 95 Pharynx 234 Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis 96 Polyunsaturated fats Portal hypertension 134 Pregnancy haemorrhoids 134 reflux oesophagitis 23 Prevalence 11 Primary sclerosing cholangitis 116, 230 Prisoners 177 Proctosigmoiditis 122 Prolamines 62, 63 Prostatism 135 Racial factors See Ethnicity Radiation 57 Radiation therapy 157 Reflux oesophagitis definition 21 pathogenesis 22 prevalence 22 risk factors Rotavirus 78, 83 Round worms Salmonella 78, 82 Salt 57 Secular changes hepatocellular carcinoma 204 Secular trends cholelithiasis 213 Sex See also Gender diverticular disease 130 dyspepsia 48 Shellfish Hepatitis A 165 Shigella 82

7 Index 251 Small bowel absorptive defect 235 Smoking 206 cholelithiasis 218 chronic pancreatitis 157 cirrhosis 193 coeliac disease 63 colorectal carcinoma 112 Crohn's disease 140 gastric carcinoma 57 pancreatic carcinoma 162 peptic ulcer 39 Smooth muscle 243 Socioeconomic status Crohn's disease 142 gastric carcinoma 55 Hepatitis A 167 liver disease 193 ulcerative colitis 122 Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction 152 Spinal cord injuries 135 Squamous carcinoma, Oesophageal incidence 28 Stomach carcinoma See Gastric carcinoma Straining haemorrhoids 135 Stress See also Anxiety Strongyloides stercoralis 89 Sugar cholelithiasis 220 Tape worms 89 Tattooing 178 Thread worm 89 Total patenteral nutrition 223 Trichuris trichiura 89 ulcerative colitis environmental factors symptoms Ulcerative colitis complications 123 definition 119 heredity incidence 120 prognosis V. Cholerae 81 V. parahaemolyticus 78 Vaccination Hepatitis A 167 Vasculitis 243 Vegetarian diet Visceral hypersensitivity 74 Vitamin D 112 Water contamination 77 Weight loss cholelithiasis 219 Weight loss, Rapid Yersinia 83