B.5ABCD Cell Differentiation

Transcription

1 B.5ABCD Cell Differentiation Picture Vocabulary

2 gene A segment of DNA nucleotides that codes for a specific protein to be produced and leads to the expression of a hereditary trait or characteristic

3 cell cycle The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again. The phases of a cell s life cycle

4 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) The biomolecule classified as a nucleic acid and composed of nucleotides; genetic material shaped like a double helix

5 mitosis A phase of the cell cycle in which cell division occurs

6 interphase The longest phase of the cell cycle in which the cell will grow larger and replicate its DNA in order to prepare for cell division

7 prophase The first phase of mitosis in which chromosomes condense becoming visible, the nuclear membrane dissolves, the centrosomes move to opposite ends of the nucleus, and spindle fibers form

8 metaphase The phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids (chromosomes), and the chromosomes migrate to the center of the cell

9 anaphase The phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers begin to shorten separating the sister chromatids and pulling them to opposite ends of the cell

10 telophase The phase of mitosis in which the genetic material has been separated and the nuclear membrane begins to reform to create two separate but identical nuclei

11 cytokinesis The phase of the cell cycle in which the plasma membrane begins to cleave the cytoplasm into two separate but identical cells

12 cell differentiation The process by which less specialized cells become more specialized

13 DNA replication The process in which the DNA sequence is copied to form an additional DNA molecule

14 roots The specialized part of a plant that grows down into the soil to anchor the plant and absorb nutrients

15 stem The specialized part of a plant that grows in the opposite direction of the roots and supports the flower, leaves, or fruit of the plant

16 leaf (leaves) The specialized part of a plant that is mainly used for gas exchange; comes in various forms and is often the primary form of adaptation in plants

17 blood cells, red The cells in the blood that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

18 blood cells, white The cells in the blood that help to fight infections

19 epithelium cells A specialized animal cell that is found in the skin and functions as a part of the integumentary system; various types

20 muscle cells A specialized animal cell that is found in muscle tissue and functions as a part of the muscular system

21 operon A cluster of genes that are under the control of the same promoter. For example, if the promoter is activated all the genes in the operon are expressed

22 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) The biomolecule classified as a nucleic acid and composed of nucleotides; genetic material in a single helix form

23 mutation Any change in the sequence of DNA; may result in the production of incorrect proteins and lead to malfunctions in the processes of the organism

24 cancer A disease that occurs as a result of uncontrolled cell growth and division

25 tumor The formation of tissue that is a result of uncontrolled cell growth and division

26 radiation Energy sent out as particles or waves; used in the treatment of cancerous tumors

27 chemotherapy The treatment of disease by use of chemicals; can selectively destroy cancerous tissue

28 binary fission Asexual reproduction in singlecelled organisms

29 carcinogen A substance that causes cancer

30 centriole A cylindrical organelle used by eukaryotic cells to pull the chromatids apart during mitosis

31 centromere Narrowed part of a chromosome

32 chromatid A replicated chromosome

33 daughter cell One of the resulting cells from mitosis

34 diploid A cell that contains pairs of all of the homologous chromosomes; 2n

35 microtubules Cylindrical organelles that give the cell its shape

36 neuron A cell that makes up the nervous system

37 somatic cell A body cell that can differentiate into various tissues

38 stem cell A blank cell that can be turned into a variety of different types of cells found in the body

39 metabolism All of the physical and chemical processes that occur within an organism