Progress Tracker. Photo -

Transcription

1

2 Progress Tracker Healthy People provides a framework for prevention for communities in the U.S. Healthy People 2020 is a comprehensive set of key disease prevention and health promotion objectives. The health objectives and targets allow communities to assess their health status and build an agenda for community health improvement. Photo -

3 Population (2016): 79,537 White 51,397 (64.62%) Black/Af Amer 22,035 (27.70%) Am Ind/AK Native 279 (0.35%) Asian 2,522 (3.17%) Native HI/PI 69 (0.09%) Some Other Race 1,166 (1.47%) 2+ Races 2,069 (2.60%) % Growth ( ): 5.25% Unemployment (Apr 2015): 4.7%

4 Healthy People 2020 : Progress Tracker: Lynchburg Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Access to Health Services Adults with Health Insurance Not Met Children with Health Insurance Not Met Adolescent Health High School Graduation Not Met Teen Pregnancy Rate Cancer pregnancies/1,000 females aged Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Breast Cancer deaths/100,000 females Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Colorectal Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Lung Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Prostate Cancer deaths/100,000 males Not Met Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rate cases/100,000 population Not Met

5 Healthy People: 2020 : Progress Tracker: Lynchburg Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Environmental Health Workers Commuting by Public Transportation Not Met Workers who Walk to Work Met Heart Disease and Stroke Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Not Met Injury and Violence Prevention Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Unintentional Injuries Not Met Maternal, Infant and Child Health Babies with Low Birth Weight Met Babies with Very Low Birth Weight Not Met Infant Mortality Rate deaths/1,000 live births Met Mothers who Received Early Prenatal Care Met

6 Healthy People: 2020 : Progress Tracker: Lynchburg Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Mental Health and Mental Disorders Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Suicide Met Nutrition and Weight Status Adults who are Obese Met Substance Abuse Adults who Drink Excessively Met Tobacco Use Adults who Smoke Not Met

7 Access to Health Services: Adults with Health Insurance Target: 100%; Current 80.3% Medical costs in the United States are extremely high, so people without health insurance may not be able to afford medical treatment or prescription drugs. They are also less likely to get routine checkups and screenings, so if they do become ill they will not seek treatment until the condition is more advanced and therefore more difficult and costly to treat. Many small businesses are unable to offer health insurance to employees due to rising health insurance premiums. Gender Data Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Lynchburg

8 Access to Health Services: Children with Health Insurance Target: 100%; Current 94.3% Health insurance for children is particularly important. To stay healthy, children require regular checkups, dental and vision care, and medical attention for illness and injury. Children with health insurance are more likely to have better health throughout their childhood and adolescence. They are more likely to receive required immunizations, fall ill less frequently, obtain necessary treatment when they do get sick, and perform better at school. Having health insurance lowers barriers to accessing care, which is likely to prevent the development of more serious illnesses. This is not only of benefit to the child but also helps lower overall family health costs. Data Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Lynchburg

9 Adolescent Health: High School Graduation Target: 82.4%; Current: 81% Individuals who do not finish high school are more likely than people who finish high school to lack the basic skills required to function in an increasingly complicated job market and society. Adults with limited education levels are more likely to be unemployed, on government assistance, or involved in crime. Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: Virginia Department of Education Lynchburg

10 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cancer Target: ; Current: Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) defines cancer as a term used to describe diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. There are over 100 different types of cancer. According to the NCI, lung, colon and rectal, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer lead to the greatest number of annual deaths. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: National Cancer Institute Lynchburg

11 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Colorectal Cancer Target: 14.5 ; Current: 18.5 Colorectal cancer cancer of the colon or rectum is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that if all adults aged 50 or older had regular screening tests for colon cancer, as many as 60% of the deaths from colorectal cancer could be prevented. While 90% of colorectal cancer cases occur in adults aged 50 or older, it is essential for individuals with risk factors (those with a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or heavy alcohol use) to seek regular screening earlier. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: National Cancer Institute Lynchburg

12 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Lung Cancer Target: 45.5 ; Current: 53.9 According to the American Lung Association, more people die from lung cancer annually than any other type of cancer, exceeding the total deaths caused by breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer combined. The greatest risk factor for lung cancer is duration and quantity of smoking. While the mortality rate due to lung cancer among men has reached a plateau, the mortality rate due to lung cancer among women continues to increase. African Americans have the highest risk of developing lung cancer. (Age- Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: National Cancer Institute Lynchburg

13 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Prostate Cancer Target: 21.8 deaths/100,000 males; Current: 31.6 deaths/100,000 males The prostate is a gland found only in males, and is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, about 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. And about 1 in 36 will die from prostate cancer. The two greatest risk factors for prostate cancer are age and race, with men over the age of 65 and men of African descent possessing the highest incidence rates of prostate cancer in the U.S. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) deaths/100,000 males Lynchburg

14 Cancer: Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rate Target: 39.9 cases/100,000 population; Current: 46.7 cases/100,000 population Colorectal cancer cancer of the colon or rectum is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that if all adults aged 50 or older had regular screening tests for colon cancer, as many as 60% of the deaths from colorectal cancer could be prevented. While 90% of colorectal cancer cases occur in adults aged 50 or older, it is essential for individuals with risk factors (those with a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or heavy alcohol use) to seek regular screening earlier. Gender cases/100,000 population Race/Ethnicity cases/100,000 population cases/100,000 population Lynchburg

15 Environmental Health: Workers Commuting by Public Transportation Target: 5.5%; Current: 4.2% Public transportation offers mobility to U.S. residents, particularly people without cars. Transit can help bridge the spatial divide between people and jobs, services, and training opportunities. Public transportation is also beneficial because it reduces fuel consumption, minimizes air pollution, and relieves traffic congestion. Age Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: American Community Survey Lynchburg

16 Heart Disease and Stroke: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Target: 34.8 ; Current: 58.4 Cerebrovascular disease refers to conditions caused by problems with the blood vessels supplying the brain with blood, including stroke. A stroke occurs when blood vessels carrying oxygen to the brain become blocked or burst, thereby cutting off the brain's supply of oxygen and other nutrients. Lack of oxygen causes brain cells to die, which can lead to brain damage and death or disability. Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States. Although cerebrovascular disease is more common in older adults, it can occur at any age. The most important modifiable risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular disease is high blood pressure. Other risk factors include high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, obesity, excessive alcohol use, and tobacco use. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics Lynchburg

17 Injury and Violence Prevention: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Unintentional Injuries Target: 36.4 ; Current: 41.8 Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death for Americans of all ages, regardless of gender, race, or economic status. Major categories of unintentional injuries include motor vehicle collisions, poisonings, and falls. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 40 deaths per 100,000 population occur each year due to unintentional injuries. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics Lynchburg

18 Maternal, Infant and Child Health: Babies with Very Low Birth Weight (<3 lbs. 5 ozs.) Target: 1.4%; Current: 1.5% Babies born with very low birth weight (less than 3 pounds, 5 ounces) are significantly more likely than babies of normal weight to have severe health problems and nearly all require specialized medical care in the neonatal intensive care unit. Babies born with very low birth weight are at the highest risk of dying in their first year and while there have been many medical advances enabling very low birth weight and premature infants to survive, there is still risk of infant death or long-term complications and disability. Very low birth weight is typically caused by premature birth and fetal growth restriction, both of which are influenced by a mother's health and genetics. The most important things an expectant mother can do to prevent very low birth weight are to seek prenatal care, take prenatal vitamins, stop smoking, and stop drinking alcohol and using drugs. Maternal Race/Ethnicity Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics Lynchburg

19 Tobacco Use: Adults who Smoke Target: 12%; Current: 20% Tobacco is the agent most responsible for avoidable illness and death in America today. Tobacco use brings premature death to almost half a million Americans each year, and it contributes to profound disability and pain in many others. Approximately one-third of all tobacco users in this country will die prematurely because of their dependence on tobacco. Areas with a high smoking prevalence will also have greater exposure to secondhand smoke for non-smokers, which can cause or exacerbate a wide range of adverse health effects, including cancer, respiratory infections, and asthma Indicates a change in methodology. A new modeling technique was used to produce estimates for 2014 data. Therefore, 2014 data is not directly comparable to previous years of data. Data Source: County Health Rankings Lynchburg

20 Population (2016): 32,150 White 24,675 (76.75%) Black/Af Amer 6,021 (18.73%) Am Ind/AK Native 263 (0.82%) Asian 181 (0.56%) Native HI/PI 10 (0.03%) Some Other Race 258 (0.80%) 2+ Races 742 (2.31%) % Growth ( ): -0.63% Unemployment (Apr 2015): 4.9% Cities: Amherst

21 Healthy People 2020 : Progress Tracker: Amherst County Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Access to Health Services Adults with Health Insurance Not Met Children with Health Insurance Not Met Adolescent Health High School Graduation Met Teen Pregnancy Rate Cancer pregnancies/1,000 females aged Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Breast Cancer deaths/100,000 females Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Colorectal Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Lung Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Prostate Cancer deaths/100,000 males Not Met Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rate Not Met

22 Healthy People 2020 : Progress Tracker: Amherst County Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Environmental Health Workers Commuting by Public Transportation Not Met Workers who Walk to Work Not Met Heart Disease and Stroke Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Not Met Injury and Violence Prevention Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Unintentional Injuries Met Maternal, Infant and Child Health Babies with Low Birth Weight Met Babies with Very Low Birth Weight Met Infant Mortality Rate deaths/1,000 lives births Met Mothers who Received Early Prenatal Care Met

23 Healthy People 2020 : Progress Tracker: Amherst County Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Mental Health and Mental Disorders Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Suicide Met Nutrition and Weight Status Adults who are Obese Met Substance Abuse Adults who Drink Excessively Met Tobacco Use Adults who Smoke Not Met

24 Access to Health Services: Adults with Health Insurance Target: 100%; Current 80.7% Medical costs in the United States are extremely high, so people without health insurance may not be able to afford medical treatment or prescription drugs. They are also less likely to get routine checkups and screenings, so if they do become ill they will not seek treatment until the condition is more advanced and therefore more difficult and costly to treat. Many small businesses are unable to offer health insurance to employees due to rising health insurance premiums. Gender Data Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Amherst

25 Access to Health Services: Children with Health Insurance Target: 100%; Current 93.4% Health insurance for children is particularly important. To stay healthy, children require regular checkups, dental and vision care, and medical attention for illness and injury. Children with health insurance are more likely to have better health throughout their childhood and adolescence. They are more likely to receive required immunizations, fall ill less frequently, obtain necessary treatment when they do get sick, and perform better at school. Having health insurance lowers barriers to accessing care, which is likely to prevent the development of more serious illnesses. This is not only of benefit to the child but also helps lower overall family health costs. Data Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Amherst

26 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Breast Cancer Target: 20.7 deaths/100,000 females; Current: 25.7 deaths/100,000 females Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, about 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer and about 1 in 36 women will die from breast cancer. Breast cancer is associated with increased age, hereditary factors, obesity, and alcohol use. Since 1990, breast cancer death rates have declined progressively due to advancements in treatment and detection. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) deaths/100,000 females Data Source: National Cancer Institute Amherst

27 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cancer Target: ; Current: Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) defines cancer as a term used to describe diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. There are over 100 different types of cancer. According to the NCI, lung, colon and rectal, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer lead to the greatest number of annual deaths. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: National Cancer Institute Amherst

28 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Colorectal Cancer Target: 14.5 ; Current: 20.2 Colorectal cancer cancer of the colon or rectum is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that if all adults aged 50 or older had regular screening tests for colon cancer, as many as 60% of the deaths from colorectal cancer could be prevented. While 90% of colorectal cancer cases occur in adults aged 50 or older, it is essential for individuals with risk factors (those with a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or heavy alcohol use) to seek regular screening earlier. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Data Source: National Cancer Institute Amherst

29 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Lung Cancer Target: 45.5 ; Current: 53.5 According to the American Lung Association, more people die from lung cancer annually than any other type of cancer, exceeding the total deaths caused by breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer combined. The greatest risk factor for lung cancer is duration and quantity of smoking. While the mortality rate due to lung cancer among men has reached a plateau, the mortality rate due to lung cancer among women continues to increase. African Americans have the highest risk of developing lung cancer. (Age- Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: National Cancer Institute Amherst

30 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Prostate Cancer Target: 21.8 deaths/100,000 males; Current: 23.3 deaths/100,000 males The prostate is a gland found only in males, and is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, about 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. And about 1 in 36 will die from prostate cancer. The two greatest risk factors for prostate cancer are age and race, with men over the age of 65 and men of African descent possessing the highest incidence rates of prostate cancer in the U.S. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) deaths/100,000 males Amherst

31 Cancer: Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rate Target: 39.9 cases/100,000 population; Current: 42.7 cases/100,000 population Colorectal cancer cancer of the colon or rectum is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that if all adults aged 50 or older had regular screening tests for colon cancer, as many as 60% of the deaths from colorectal cancer could be prevented. While 90% of colorectal cancer cases occur in adults aged 50 or older, it is essential for individuals with risk factors (those with a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or heavy alcohol use) to seek regular screening earlier. Gender cases/100,000 population Race/Ethnicity cases/100,000 population cases/100,000 population Amherst

32 Environmental Health: Workers Commuting by Public Transportation Target: 5.5%; Current: 1% Public transportation offers mobility to U.S. residents, particularly people without cars. Transit can help bridge the spatial divide between people and jobs, services, and training opportunities. Public transportation is also beneficial because it reduces fuel consumption, minimizes air pollution, and relieves traffic congestion. Age Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: American Community Survey Amherst

33 Environmental Health: Workers who Walk to Work Target: 3.1%; Current: 2.8% Walking to work is a great way to incorporate exercise into a daily routine. In addition to the health benefits, walking helps people get in touch with their communities, reduces commute costs and helps protect the environment by reducing air pollution from car trips. Furthermore, studies have shown that walking to work improves employees overall attitude and morale and reduces stress in the workplace. Age Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: American Community Survey Amherst

34 Heart Disease and Stroke: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Target: 34.8 ; Current: 53.9 Cerebrovascular disease refers to conditions caused by problems with the blood vessels supplying the brain with blood, including stroke. A stroke occurs when blood vessels carrying oxygen to the brain become blocked or burst, thereby cutting off the brain's supply of oxygen and other nutrients. Lack of oxygen causes brain cells to die, which can lead to brain damage and death or disability. Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States. Although cerebrovascular disease is more common in older adults, it can occur at any age. The most important modifiable risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular disease is high blood pressure. Other risk factors include high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, obesity, excessive alcohol use, and tobacco use. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics Amherst

35 Tobacco Use: Adults who Smoke Target: 12%; Current: 17.5% Tobacco is the agent most responsible for avoidable illness and death in America today. Tobacco use brings premature death to almost half a million Americans each year, and it contributes to profound disability and pain in many others. Approximately one-third of all tobacco users in this country will die prematurely because of their dependence on tobacco. Areas with a high smoking prevalence will also have greater exposure to secondhand smoke for non-smokers, which can cause or exacerbate a wide range of adverse health effects, including cancer, respiratory infections, and asthma. Data Source: County Health Rankings Indicates a change in methodology. A new modeling technique was used to produce estimates for 2014 data. Therefore, 2014 data is not directly comparable to previous years of data. Amherst

36 Population (2016): 15,511 White 11,988 (77.29%) Black/Af Amer 3,059 (19.72%) Am Ind/AK Native 41 (0.26%) Asian 62 (0.40%) Native HI/PI 4 (0.03%) Some Other Race 58 (0.37%) 2+ Races 299 (1.93%) % Growth ( ): 3.59% Unemployment (Apr 2015): 5.0% County Seat: Appomattox

37 Healthy People 2020 : Progress Tracker: Appomattox County Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Access to Health Services Adults with Health Insurance Not Met Children with Health Insurance Not Met Adolescent Health High School Graduation Met Teen Pregnancy Rate Cancer pregnancies/1,000 females aged Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Colorectal Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Lung Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Prostate Cancer deaths/100,000 males Not Met Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rate Met

38 Healthy People 2020 : Progress Tracker: Appomattox County Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Environmental Health Workers Commuting by Public Transportation Not Met Workers who Walk to Work Not Met Heart Disease and Stroke Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Not Met Injury and Violence Prevention Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Unintentional Injuries Not Met Maternal, Infant and Child Health Babies with Low Birth Weight Not Met Babies with Very Low Birth Weight Not Met Infant Mortality Rate 6 11 deaths/1,000 live births Not Met Mothers who Received Early Prenatal Care Met

39 Healthy People 2020 : Progress Tracker: Appomattox County Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Mental Health and Mental Disorders Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Suicide Met Nutrition and Weight Status Adults who are Obese Met Tobacco Use Adults who Smoke Not Met

40 Access to Health Services: Adults with Health Insurance Target: 100%; Current 80% Medical costs in the United States are extremely high, so people without health insurance may not be able to afford medical treatment or prescription drugs. They are also less likely to get routine checkups and screenings, so if they do become ill they will not seek treatment until the condition is more advanced and therefore more difficult and costly to treat. Many small businesses are unable to offer health insurance to employees due to rising health insurance premiums. Gender Data Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Appomattox

41 Access to Health Services: Children with Health Insurance Target: 100%; Current 92.2% Health insurance for children is particularly important. To stay healthy, children require regular checkups, dental and vision care, and medical attention for illness and injury. Children with health insurance are more likely to have better health throughout their childhood and adolescence. They are more likely to receive required immunizations, fall ill less frequently, obtain necessary treatment when they do get sick, and perform better at school. Having health insurance lowers barriers to accessing care, which is likely to prevent the development of more serious illnesses. This is not only of benefit to the child but also helps lower overall family health costs. Data Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Appomattox

42 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cancer Target: ; Current: Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) defines cancer as a term used to describe diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. There are over 100 different types of cancer. According to the NCI, lung, colon and rectal, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer lead to the greatest number of annual deaths. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: National Cancer Institute

43 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Colorectal Cancer Target: 14.5 ; Current: 17.8 Colorectal cancer cancer of the colon or rectum is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that if all adults aged 50 or older had regular screening tests for colon cancer, as many as 60% of the deaths from colorectal cancer could be prevented. While 90% of colorectal cancer cases occur in adults aged 50 or older, it is essential for individuals with risk factors (those with a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or heavy alcohol use) to seek regular screening earlier. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Data Source: National Cancer Institute Appomattox

44 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Lung Cancer Target: 45.5 ; Current: 55.9 According to the American Lung Association, more people die from lung cancer annually than any other type of cancer, exceeding the total deaths caused by breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer combined. The greatest risk factor for lung cancer is duration and quantity of smoking. While the mortality rate due to lung cancer among men has reached a plateau, the mortality rate due to lung cancer among women continues to increase. African Americans have the highest risk of developing lung cancer. (Age- Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Gender Data Source: National Cancer Institute

45 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Prostate Cancer Target: 21.8 deaths/100,000 males; Current: 50.4 deaths/100,000 males The prostate is a gland found only in males, and is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, about 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. And about 1 in 36 will die from prostate cancer. The two greatest risk factors for prostate cancer are age and race, with men over the age of 65 and men of African descent possessing the highest incidence rates of prostate cancer in the U.S. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Data Charts Not Available Appomattox

46 Environmental Health: Workers Commuting by Public Transportation Target: 5.5%; Current: 0% Public transportation offers mobility to U.S. residents, particularly people without cars. Transit can help bridge the spatial divide between people and jobs, services, and training opportunities. Public transportation is also beneficial because it reduces fuel consumption, minimizes air pollution, and relieves traffic congestion. Data Source: American Community Survey Appomattox

47 Environmental Health: Workers who Walk to Work Target: 3.1%; Current: 0.2% Walking to work is a great way to incorporate exercise into a daily routine. In addition to the health benefits, walking helps people get in touch with their communities, reduces commute costs and helps protect the environment by reducing air pollution from car trips. Furthermore, studies have shown that walking to work improves employees overall attitude and morale and reduces stress in the workplace. Age Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: American Community Survey Appomattox

48 Heart Disease and Stroke: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Target: 34.8 ; Current: 42.1 Cerebrovascular disease refers to conditions caused by problems with the blood vessels supplying the brain with blood, including stroke. A stroke occurs when blood vessels carrying oxygen to the brain become blocked or burst, thereby cutting off the brain's supply of oxygen and other nutrients. Lack of oxygen causes brain cells to die, which can lead to brain damage and death or disability. Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States. Although cerebrovascular disease is more common in older adults, it can occur at any age. The most important modifiable risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular disease is high blood pressure. Other risk factors include high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, obesity, excessive alcohol use, and tobacco use. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics Appomattox

49 Injury and Violence Prevention: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Unintentional Injuries Target: 36.4 ; Current: 50.3 Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death for Americans of all ages, regardless of gender, race, or economic status. Major categories of unintentional injuries include motor vehicle collisions, poisonings, and falls. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 40 deaths per 100,000 population occur each year due to unintentional injuries. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics Appomattox

50 Maternal, Infant and Child Health: Babies with Low Birth Weight (<5 lbs. 8 ozs.) Target: 7.8%; Current: 8% Babies born with low birth weight (less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces) are more likely than babies of normal weight to have health problems and require specialized medical care in the neonatal intensive care unit. Low birth weight is typically caused by premature birth and fetal growth restriction, both of which are influenced by a mother's health and genetics. The most important things an expectant mother can do to prevent low birth weight are to seek prenatal care, take prenatal vitamins, stop smoking, and stop drinking alcohol and using drugs. Maternal Race/Ethnicity Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics Appomattox

51 Maternal, Infant and Child Health: Babies with Very Low Birth Weight (<3 lbs. 5 ozs.) Target: 1.4%; Current: 1.6% Babies born with very low birth weight (less than 3 pounds, 5 ounces) are significantly more likely than babies of normal weight to have severe health problems and nearly all require specialized medical care in the neonatal intensive care unit. Babies born with very low birth weight are at the highest risk of dying in their first year and while there have been many medical advances enabling very low birth weight and premature infants to survive, there is still risk of infant death or long-term complications and disability. Very low birth weight is typically caused by premature birth and fetal growth restriction, both of which are influenced by a mother's health and genetics. The most important things an expectant mother can do to prevent very low birth weight are to seek prenatal care, take prenatal vitamins, stop smoking, and stop drinking alcohol and using drugs. Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics Appomattox

52 Maternal, Infant and Child Health: Infant Mortality Rate Target: 6 deaths/1,000 births; Current: 11 deaths/1,000 births deaths/1,000 births deaths/1,000 births Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics Appomattox

53 Tobacco Use: Adults who Smoke Target: 12%; Current: 19.5% Tobacco is the agent most responsible for avoidable illness and death in America today. Tobacco use brings premature death to almost half a million Americans each year, and it contributes to profound disability and pain in many others. Approximately one-third of all tobacco users in this country will die prematurely because of their dependence on tobacco. Areas with a high smoking prevalence will also have greater exposure to secondhand smoke for non-smokers, which can cause or exacerbate a wide range of adverse health effects, including cancer, respiratory infections, and asthma. Data Source: County Health Rankings Indicates a change in methodology. A new modeling technique was used to produce estimates for 2014 data. Therefore, 2014 data is not directly comparable to previous years of data. Appomattox

54 Population (2016): 55,525 White 45,080 (81.19%) Black/Af Amer 8,007 (14.42%) Am Ind/AK Native 159 (0.29%) Asian 526 (0.95%) Native HI/PI 18 (0.03%) Some Other Race 566 (1.02%) 2+ Races 1,169 (2.11%) % Growth ( ): 1.25% Unemployment (Apr 2015): 4.7% County Seat: Rustburg Cities Include: Altavista, Brookneal

55 Healthy People 2020 : Progress Tracker: Campbell County Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Access to Health Services Adults with Health Insurance Not Met Children with Health Insurance Not Met Adolescent Health High School Graduation Met Teen Pregnancy Rate Cancer pregnancies/1,000 females aged Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Breast Cancer deaths/100,000 females Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Colorectal Cancer Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Lung Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Prostate Cancer deaths/100,000 males Not Met Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rate Not Met

56 Healthy People 2020 : Progress Tracker: Campbell County Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Environmental Health Workers Commuting by Public Transportation Not Met Workers who Walk to Work Not Met Heart Disease and Stroke Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Not Met Injury and Violence Prevention Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Unintentional Injuries Not Met Maternal, Infant and Child Health Babies with Low Birth Weight Met Babies with Very Low Birth Weight Not Met Infant Mortality Rate deaths/1,000 live births Met Mothers who Received Early Prenatal Care Met

57 Healthy People 2020 : Progress Tracker: Campbell County Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Mental Health and Mental Disorders Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Suicide Not Met Nutrition and Weight Status Adults who are Obese Not Met Substance Abuse Adults who Drink Excessively Met Tobacco Use Adults who Smoke Not Met

58 Access to Health Services: Adults with Health Insurance Target: 100%; Current 81.8% Medical costs in the United States are extremely high, so people without health insurance may not be able to afford medical treatment or prescription drugs. They are also less likely to get routine checkups and screenings, so if they do become ill they will not seek treatment until the condition is more advanced and therefore more difficult and costly to treat. Many small businesses are unable to offer health insurance to employees due to rising health insurance premiums. Gender Data Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Campbell

59 Access to Health Services: Children with Health Insurance Target: 100%; Current 94.2% Health insurance for children is particularly important. To stay healthy, children require regular checkups, dental and vision care, and medical attention for illness and injury. Children with health insurance are more likely to have better health throughout their childhood and adolescence. They are more likely to receive required immunizations, fall ill less frequently, obtain necessary treatment when they do get sick, and perform better at school. Having health insurance lowers barriers to accessing care, which is likely to prevent the development of more serious illnesses. This is not only of benefit to the child but also helps lower overall family health costs. Data Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Campbell

60 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Breast Cancer Target: 20.7 deaths/100,000 females; Current: 22.7 deaths/100,000 females Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, about 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer and about 1 in 36 women will die from breast cancer. Breast cancer is associated with increased age, hereditary factors, obesity, and alcohol use. Since 1990, breast cancer death rates have declined progressively due to advancements in treatment and detection. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) deaths/100,000 females Data Source: National Cancer Institute Campbell

61 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cancer Target: ; Current: Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) defines cancer as a term used to describe diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. There are over 100 different types of cancer. According to the NCI, lung, colon and rectal, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer lead to the greatest number of annual deaths. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: National Cancer Institute Campbell

62 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Lung Cancer Target: 45.5 ; Current: 53.8 According to the American Lung Association, more people die from lung cancer annually than any other type of cancer, exceeding the total deaths caused by breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer combined. The greatest risk factor for lung cancer is duration and quantity of smoking. While the mortality rate due to lung cancer among men has reached a plateau, the mortality rate due to lung cancer among women continues to increase. African Americans have the highest risk of developing lung cancer. (Age- Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: National Cancer Institute Campbell

63 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Prostate Cancer Target: 21.8 deaths/100,000 males; Current: 23.1 deaths/100,000 males The prostate is a gland found only in males, and is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, about 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. And about 1 in 36 will die from prostate cancer. The two greatest risk factors for prostate cancer are age and race, with men over the age of 65 and men of African descent possessing the highest incidence rates of prostate cancer in the U.S. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) deaths/100,000 males Campbell

64 Cancer: Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rate Target: 39.9 cases/100,000 population; Current: 41.6 cases/100,000 population Colorectal cancer cancer of the colon or rectum is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that if all adults aged 50 or older had regular screening tests for colon cancer, as many as 60% of the deaths from colorectal cancer could be prevented. While 90% of colorectal cancer cases occur in adults aged 50 or older, it is essential for individuals with risk factors (those with a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or heavy alcohol use) to seek regular screening earlier. Gender cases/100,000 population Race/Ethnicity cases/100,000 population cases/100,000 population Campbell

65 Environmental Health: Workers Commuting by Public Transportation Target: 5.5%; Current: 0.1% Public transportation offers mobility to U.S. residents, particularly people without cars. Transit can help bridge the spatial divide between people and jobs, services, and training opportunities. Public transportation is also beneficial because it reduces fuel consumption, minimizes air pollution, and relieves traffic congestion. Age Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: American Community Survey Campbell

66 Environmental Health: Workers who Walk to Work Target: 3.1%; Current: 0.6% Walking to work is a great way to incorporate exercise into a daily routine. In addition to the health benefits, walking helps people get in touch with their communities, reduces commute costs and helps protect the environment by reducing air pollution from car trips. Furthermore, studies have shown that walking to work improves employees overall attitude and morale and reduces stress in the workplace. Age Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: American Community Survey Campbell

67 Heart Disease and Stroke: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Target: 34.8 ; Current: 46.2 Cerebrovascular disease refers to conditions caused by problems with the blood vessels supplying the brain with blood, including stroke. A stroke occurs when blood vessels carrying oxygen to the brain become blocked or burst, thereby cutting off the brain's supply of oxygen and other nutrients. Lack of oxygen causes brain cells to die, which can lead to brain damage and death or disability. Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States. Although cerebrovascular disease is more common in older adults, it can occur at any age. The most important modifiable risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular disease is high blood pressure. Other risk factors include high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, obesity, excessive alcohol use, and tobacco use. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics Campbell

68 Injury and Violence Prevention: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Unintentional Injuries Target: 36.4 ; Current: 44.1 Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death for Americans of all ages, regardless of gender, race, or economic status. Major categories of unintentional injuries include motor vehicle collisions, poisonings, and falls. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 40 deaths per 100,000 population occur each year due to unintentional injuries. Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics Campbell

69 Maternal, Infant and Child Health: Babies with Very Low Birth Weight (<3 lbs. 5 ozs.) Target: 1.4%; Current: 2.3% Babies born with very low birth weight (less than 3 pounds, 5 ounces) are significantly more likely than babies of normal weight to have severe health problems and nearly all require specialized medical care in the neonatal intensive care unit. Babies born with very low birth weight are at the highest risk of dying in their first year and while there have been many medical advances enabling very low birth weight and premature infants to survive, there is still risk of infant death or long-term complications and disability. Very low birth weight is typically caused by premature birth and fetal growth restriction, both of which are influenced by a mother's health and genetics. The most important things an expectant mother can do to prevent very low birth weight are to seek prenatal care, take prenatal vitamins, stop smoking, and stop drinking alcohol and using drugs. Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics

70 Mental Health and Mental Disorders: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Suicide Target: 10.2 ; Current: 20.4 Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States, presenting a major, preventable public health problem. More than 33,000 people kill themselves each year according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, but suicide deaths only account for part of the problem. An estimated 25 attempted suicides occur per every suicide death, and those who survive suicide may have serious injuries, in addition to having depression and other mental problems. Other repercussions of suicide include the combined medical and lost work costs on the community, totaling to over $30 billion for all suicides in a year, and the emotional toll on family and friends. Men are about four times more likely than women to die of suicide, but three times more women than men report attempting suicide. Suicide occurs at a disproportionately higher rate among adults 75 years and older. (Age- Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics Campbell

71 Nutrition and Weight Status: Adults who are Obese Target: 30.5%; Current 32.6% The age of obese adults is an indicator of the overall health and lifestyle of a community. Obesity increases the risk of many diseases and health conditions including heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, cancer, hypertension, stroke, liver and gallbladder disease, respiratory problems, and osteoarthritis. Losing weight and maintaining a healthy weight help to prevent and control these diseases. Being obese also carries significant economic costs due to increased healthcare spending and lost earnings. Gender Indicates a change in methodology. Due to changes in methodology, 2011 data should be considered a baseline year for data analysis and is not comparable to data from prior years. Data Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Campbell

72 Tobacco Use: Adults who Smoke Target: 12%; Current: 19.2% Tobacco is the agent most responsible for avoidable illness and death in America today. Tobacco use brings premature death to almost half a million Americans each year, and it contributes to profound disability and pain in many others. Approximately one-third of all tobacco users in this country will die prematurely because of their dependence on tobacco. Areas with a high smoking prevalence will also have greater exposure to secondhand smoke for non-smokers, which can cause or exacerbate a wide range of adverse health effects, including cancer, respiratory infections, and asthma. Data Source: County Health Rankings Indicates a change in methodology. A new modeling technique was used to produce estimates for 2014 data. Therefore, 2014 data is not directly comparable to previous years of data. Campbell

73 Population (2016): 14,930 White 12,411 (83.13%) Black/Af Amer 1,777 (11.90%) Am Ind/AK Native 56 (0.38%) Asian 108 (0.72%) Native HI/PI 4 (0.03%) Some Other Race 210 (1.41%) 2+ Races 364 (2.44%) % Growth ( ): -0.60% Unemployment (Apr 2015): 5.0% County Seat: Lovingston Cities Include: Lovingston, Schuyler

74 Healthy People: 2020 : Progress Tracker: Nelson County Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Access to Health Services Adults with Health Insurance Not Met Children with Health Insurance Not Met Adolescent Health High School Graduation Met Teen Pregnancy Rate Cancer pregnancies/1,000 females aged Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Colorectal Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Lung Cancer Not Met Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Prostate Cancer deaths/100,000 males Not Met Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rate Not Met

75 Healthy People: 2020 : Progress Tracker: Nelson County Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Environmental Health Workers Commuting by Public Transportation Not Met Workers who Walk to Work Not Met Heart Disease and Stroke Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Not Met Injury and Violence Prevention Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Unintentional Injuries Not Met Maternal, Infant and Child Health Babies with Low Birth Weight Met Babies with Very Low Birth Weight Met Infant Mortality Rate deaths/1,000 live births Met Mothers who Received Early Prenatal Care Met

76 Healthy People: 2020 : Progress Tracker: Nelson County Indicator Target Current Measure Met/Not Met Mental Health and Mental Disorders Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Suicide Not Met Nutrition and Weight Status Adults who are Obese Met Substance Abuse Adults who Drink Excessively Met Tobacco Use Adults who Smoke Not Met

77 Access to Health Services: Adults with Health Insurance Target: 100%; Current 79.6% Medical costs in the United States are extremely high, so people without health insurance may not be able to afford medical treatment or prescription drugs. They are also less likely to get routine checkups and screenings, so if they do become ill they will not seek treatment until the condition is more advanced and therefore more difficult and costly to treat. Many small businesses are unable to offer health insurance to employees due to rising health insurance premiums. Gender Data Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Nelson

78 Access to Health Services: Children with Health Insurance Target: 100%; Current 91.7% Health insurance for children is particularly important. To stay healthy, children require regular checkups, dental and vision care, and medical attention for illness and injury. Children with health insurance are more likely to have better health throughout their childhood and adolescence. They are more likely to receive required immunizations, fall ill less frequently, obtain necessary treatment when they do get sick, and perform better at school. Having health insurance lowers barriers to accessing care, which is likely to prevent the development of more serious illnesses. This is not only of benefit to the child but also helps lower overall family health costs. Data Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates Nelson

79 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cancer Target: ; Current: Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) defines cancer as a term used to describe diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. There are over 100 different types of cancer. According to the NCI, lung, colon and rectal, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer lead to the greatest number of annual deaths. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: National Cancer Institute Nelson

80 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Colorectal Cancer Target: 14.5 ; Current: 19.9 Colorectal cancer cancer of the colon or rectum is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that if all adults aged 50 or older had regular screening tests for colon cancer, as many as 60% of the deaths from colorectal cancer could be prevented. While 90% of colorectal cancer cases occur in adults aged 50 or older, it is essential for individuals with risk factors (those with a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or heavy alcohol use) to seek regular screening earlier. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Data Source: National Cancer Institute Nelson

81 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Lung Cancer Target: 45.5 ; Current: 59.1 According to the American Lung Association, more people die from lung cancer annually than any other type of cancer, exceeding the total deaths caused by breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer combined. The greatest risk factor for lung cancer is duration and quantity of smoking. While the mortality rate due to lung cancer among men has reached a plateau, the mortality rate due to lung cancer among women continues to increase. African Americans have the highest risk of developing lung cancer. Gender Data Source: National Cancer Institute Nelson

82 Cancer: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Prostate Cancer Target: 21.8 deaths/100,000 males; Current: 39.3 deaths/100,000 males The prostate is a gland found only in males, and is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, about 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. And about 1 in 36 will die from prostate cancer. The two greatest risk factors for prostate cancer are age and race, with men over the age of 65 and men of African descent possessing the highest incidence rates of prostate cancer in the U.S. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Data Charts Not Available Nelson

83 Cancer: Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rate Target: 39.9 cases/100,000 population; Current: 45.7 cases/100,000 population Colorectal cancer cancer of the colon or rectum is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that if all adults aged 50 or older had regular screening tests for colon cancer, as many as 60% of the deaths from colorectal cancer could be prevented. While 90% of colorectal cancer cases occur in adults aged 50 or older, it is essential for individuals with risk factors (those with a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or heavy alcohol use) to seek regular screening earlier. Gender cases/100,000 population Race/Ethnicity cases/100,000 population cases/100,000 population Nelson

84 Environmental Health: Workers Commuting by Public Transportation Target: 5.5%; Current: 0.7% Public transportation offers mobility to U.S. residents, particularly people without cars. Transit can help bridge the spatial divide between people and jobs, services, and training opportunities. Public transportation is also beneficial because it reduces fuel consumption, minimizes air pollution, and relieves traffic congestion. Age Gender Data Source: American Community Survey Nelson

85 Environmental Health: Workers who Walk to Work Target: 3.1%; Current: 1.4% Walking to work is a great way to incorporate exercise into a daily routine. In addition to the health benefits, walking helps people get in touch with their communities, reduces commute costs and helps protect the environment by reducing air pollution from car trips. Furthermore, studies have shown that walking to work improves employees overall attitude and morale and reduces stress in the workplace. Age Gender Race/Ethnicity Data Source: American Community Survey Nelson

86 Heart Disease and Stroke: Age-Adjusted Death Rate due to Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) Target: 34.8 ; Current: 39.5 Cerebrovascular disease refers to conditions caused by problems with the blood vessels supplying the brain with blood, including stroke. A stroke occurs when blood vessels carrying oxygen to the brain become blocked or burst, thereby cutting off the brain's supply of oxygen and other nutrients. Lack of oxygen causes brain cells to die, which can lead to brain damage and death or disability. Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the United States. Although cerebrovascular disease is more common in older adults, it can occur at any age. The most important modifiable risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular disease is high blood pressure. Other risk factors include high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, obesity, excessive alcohol use, and tobacco use. (Age-Adjusted Death Rate is a death rate that controls for the effects of differences in population age distributions.) Data Source: Virginia Department of Health, Division of Health Statistics Nelson