Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia"

Transcription

1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Terri Boyer 17 th October 2006

2 Overview Disease information: Aetiology of ALL proposed theory, contributing factors Symptoms Complications Diagnostic approaches - morphology and cytogenetics Treatment regimes Future directions

3 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Is the: neoplastic proliferation of a clone of myeloid or lymphoid cells characterised by uncoupling proliferation and maturation (Bain, Clark and Lampert, 1996, 88).

4 Disease Information Over several subtypes of ALL myeloid v lymphoid chronic v acute 300 each year are diagnosed with ALL 60% of cases are in children 0-14yrs

5 Clinical features of leukaemic cells Monoclonal origin - derived from a single clone Acquired gene mutation Deregulation or uncoupling of critical cellular functions proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis Leukaemic cells are more robust and survive condition other cells do not, such as stress and growth factor deprivation which forces other cells to go into apoptosis.

6 Disease Information >90% of lymphoid cells present in the bone marrow normal bone marrow has only 10% Proliferation of immature lymphoid blasts: Crowd the bone marrow - markedly hyper cellular Blasts do not function normally

7 Disease Information Samples of stained bone marrow aspirations showing the heavy infiltration of ALL leukaemic blasts in the bone marrow

8 Etiology Precise etiology is unknown Research indicates assault to the immune system occurs in utero causing a chromosomal translocation. Proto-oncogenes code proteins that regulate cell signal transduction, gene transcription, cell cycle etc. Anti-oncogenes vital to suppress tumour growth are suppressed.

9 Causative Agents Congenital and genetic disorders Down Syndrome Radiation - nuclear bombings & Chernobyl disaster Benzene Possibly Viruses population mixing

10 Clinical Presentation Typcial symptoms include: Fatigue Presence of Petechiae Bone and joint pain Adenopathsy (swollen lymph nodes) Hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged liver and spleen)

11 Image showing the presence of Petechiae. Clinical Presentation

12 Clinical Presentation Repeated fevers/infections Abnormal bleeding or bruising easily Swelling or discomfort in the abdomen Listlessness or breathlessness Severe joint pain and in some cases spinal cord compression. Pallor Weight loss/lack of appetite

13 Disease Information Failure of normal haematopoiesis most serious consequence. Complications: Anaemia reduced erythrocyte numbers Thrombocytopenia reduced platelet numbers Patients are immunocompromised immature lymphoid blasts cannot function Infiltration of organs accumulation of leukocytes in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, abdomen

14 Diagnosis Presentation with symptoms Order Complete Blood Count (CBC) If leukocyte count is above /ul in adults and for children Bone marrow aspiration - >30% blasts present in bone marrow will result in definitive diagnosis of Acute Leukaemia Samples stained to sub classify ALL

15 ALL Subtypes L1 ALL: Blasts are small and relatively uniform Round nucleus and regular cellular outline Nucleoli are absent or inconspicuous and the nuclearcytoplasmic ratio is high, chromatin pattern is fairly homogenous L2 ALL: Lower nuclear cytoplasmic ratio typically with prominent nucleoli Macroblasts sometimes two and a half times larger are identifiable L3 ALL: Large, relatively round cells Nuclei finely dispersed Cytoplasm is strongly basophilic, contains prominent vacuoles

16 FAB Classification of ALL L1-ALL: Complete replacement by small/medium sized blasts with scanty cytoplasm and round nuclei with dense chromatin. L2-ALL: Pleiomorphic blasts with variable amounts of cytoplasm, twisted irregular nuclei and multiple indistinct nucleoli. ALL-L3: Large lymphoid blasts of with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, darkblue cytoplasm, and small lipid-containing vacuoles in the cytoplasm and over the nucleus. ALL-L3 are high grade B cell malignancies.

17 Alternate Diagnostic Methods Labelled probes labelled proteins bind to the surface of cancerous leukaemia cells Microarrays: Advance molecular understanding of ALL Advanced knowledge base of the mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to chemotherapy

18 Risk Factors Low Risk High Risk Age between 2-10 years old Low leukocyte count on presentation (<5.0 x10 9 /1) L1 subtype of ALL Female (in children) Age outside of 2-10 years old High leukocyte count on presentation (>200 x10 9 /1) L2 and L3 subtype of ALL Male (in children)

19 Treatment Strategy 1. Initial stabilisation of the patient by treating the complications of the disease 2. Remission-induction phase 3. Intensification (consolidation) treatment 4. Prolonged continuation (maintenance ) therapy Treatment typically lasts for a period of 3 years Children between 1-10 respond better then adults and infants

20 Side Effects of Treatment Low blood counts Anaemia Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia Fatigue Infection/Fever Mouth Sores Nausea and Vomiting Hair Loss Pain Depression Reproductive/Sexuality difficulties

21 Side Effects of Treatment

22 Future Directions Research needs to identify the exact causative agent/s triggering the onset of ALL. Development of less toxic and more effective drugs are needed to reduce toxicity, latent complications and improve patients quality of life during treatment. Research identifying why children respond better to treatment would also be beneficial.

Group of malignant disorders of the hematopoietic tissues characteristically associated with increased numbers of white cells in the bone marrow and

Group of malignant disorders of the hematopoietic tissues characteristically associated with increased numbers of white cells in the bone marrow and Group of malignant disorders of the hematopoietic tissues characteristically associated with increased numbers of white cells in the bone marrow and / or peripheral blood Classified based on cell type

More information

WBCs Disorders 1. Dr. Nabila Hamdi MD, PhD

WBCs Disorders 1. Dr. Nabila Hamdi MD, PhD WBCs Disorders 1 Dr. Nabila Hamdi MD, PhD ILOs Compare and contrast ALL, AML, CLL, CML in terms of age distribution, cytogenetics, morphology, immunophenotyping, laboratory diagnosis clinical features

More information

Done By : WESSEN ADNAN BUTHAINAH AL-MASAEED

Done By : WESSEN ADNAN BUTHAINAH AL-MASAEED Done By : WESSEN ADNAN BUTHAINAH AL-MASAEED Acute Myeloid Leukemia Firstly we ll start with this introduction then enter the title of the lecture, so be ready and let s begin by the name of Allah : We

More information

HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCY

HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCY HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCY Reference Compulsory reading Haematology at Glance 2 nd ed. Atul Mehta & Victor Hoffbrand Chapters: 20 to 31 Pages: 46 to 69 Pathogenesis of Haematological Malignancy Figure (a)

More information

r). SUPPLEMENTARY/SECOND OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION PAPER nnmlbih UNIVERSITY Sophia Blaauw INSTRUCTIONS FACULTY OF HEALTH AND APPLIED SCIENCES

r). SUPPLEMENTARY/SECOND OPPORTUNITY EXAMINATION PAPER nnmlbih UNIVERSITY Sophia Blaauw INSTRUCTIONS FACULTY OF HEALTH AND APPLIED SCIENCES r). nnmlbih UNIVERSITY OF SCIEFICE nnd TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF HEALTH AND APPLIED SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES QUALIFICATION CODE: 08BMLS

More information

Acute myeloid leukemia. M. Kaźmierczak 2016

Acute myeloid leukemia. M. Kaźmierczak 2016 Acute myeloid leukemia M. Kaźmierczak 2016 Acute myeloid leukemia Malignant clonal disorder of immature hematopoietic cells characterized by clonal proliferation of abnormal blast cells and impaired production

More information

MS.4/ Acute Leukemia: AML. Abdallah Al Abbadi.MD.FRCP.FRCPath Feras Fararjeh MD

MS.4/ Acute Leukemia: AML. Abdallah Al Abbadi.MD.FRCP.FRCPath Feras Fararjeh MD MS.4/ 27.02.2019 Acute Leukemia: AML Abdallah Al Abbadi.MD.FRCP.FRCPath Feras Fararjeh MD Case 9: Acute Leukemia 29 yr old lady complains of fever and painful gums for 1 week. She developed easy bruising

More information

EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY DIFFERENTIATING IMMATURE PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS

EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY DIFFERENTIATING IMMATURE PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS Educational commentary is provided through our affiliation with the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). To obtain FREE CME/CMLE credits click on Continuing Education on the left side of the

More information

Pathology. #11 Acute Leukemias. Farah Banyhany. Dr. Sohaib Al- Khatib 23/2/16

Pathology. #11 Acute Leukemias. Farah Banyhany. Dr. Sohaib Al- Khatib 23/2/16 35 Pathology #11 Acute Leukemias Farah Banyhany Dr. Sohaib Al- Khatib 23/2/16 1 Salam First of all, this tafreegh is NOT as long as you may think. If you just focus while studying this, everything will

More information

The AML subtypes are based on how mature (developed) the cancer cells are at the time of diagnosis and how different they are from normal cells.

The AML subtypes are based on how mature (developed) the cancer cells are at the time of diagnosis and how different they are from normal cells. What is Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)? Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of cells in the blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. AML is also called acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia,

More information

CHAPTER:4 LEUKEMIA. BY Mrs. K.SHAILAJA., M. PHARM., LECTURER DEPT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 8/12/2009

CHAPTER:4 LEUKEMIA. BY Mrs. K.SHAILAJA., M. PHARM., LECTURER DEPT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 8/12/2009 LEUKEMIA CHAPTER:4 1 BY Mrs. K.SHAILAJA., M. PHARM., LECTURER DEPT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, SRM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Leukemia A group of malignant disorders affecting the blood and blood-forming tissues of

More information

Easy Trick to Spot Leukemia for Pediatricians

Easy Trick to Spot Leukemia for Pediatricians Easy Trick to Spot Leukemia for Pediatricians Piya Rujkijyanont, MD Division of Hematology-Oncology Department of Pediatrics Phramongkutklao Hospital Most Common Pediatric Cancers Age 0-14 Leukemia 32%

More information

Leukemia. There are different types of leukemia and several treatment options for each type.

Leukemia. There are different types of leukemia and several treatment options for each type. Leukemia Introduction Leukemia is the name of a group of cancers of the blood cells. Hundreds of thousands of people worldwide are diagnosed with leukemia each year. There are different types of leukemia

More information

LEUKAEMIA and LYMPHOMA. Dr Mubarak Abdelrahman Assistant Professor Jazan University

LEUKAEMIA and LYMPHOMA. Dr Mubarak Abdelrahman Assistant Professor Jazan University LEUKAEMIA and LYMPHOMA Dr Mubarak Abdelrahman Assistant Professor Jazan University OBJECTIVES Identify etiology and epidemiology for leukemia and lymphoma. Discuss common types of leukemia. Distinguish

More information

Participants Identification No. % Evaluation. Mitotic figure Educational Erythrocyte precursor, abnormal/

Participants Identification No. % Evaluation. Mitotic figure Educational Erythrocyte precursor, abnormal/ Cell Identification BMD-09 Participants Identification No. % Evaluation Mitotic figure 233 96.7 Educational Erythrocyte precursor, abnormal/ 4 1.7 Educational dysplastic nuclear features Erythrocyte precursor

More information

MECHANISMS OF HUMAN DISEASE: LABORATORY SESSIONS LYMPHOMA. April 16, 2008

MECHANISMS OF HUMAN DISEASE: LABORATORY SESSIONS LYMPHOMA. April 16, 2008 MECHANISMS OF HUMAN DISEASE: LABORATORY SESSIONS LYMPHOMA April 16, 2008 FACULTY COPY GOAL: Learn the appearance of normal peripheral blood elements and lymph nodes. Recognize abnormal peripheral blood

More information

Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Lymphoma Tumor Board. July 21, 2017

Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Lymphoma Tumor Board. July 21, 2017 Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia Lymphoma Tumor Board July 21, 2017 Diagnosis - Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Symptoms/signs include: Fever Increased risk of infection (especially bacterial

More information

What is a hematological malignancy? Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies. Etiology of hematological malignancies. Leukemias

What is a hematological malignancy? Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies. Etiology of hematological malignancies. Leukemias Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies Cancer of the formed elements of the blood What is a hematological malignancy? A hematologic malignancy is a malignancy (or cancer) of any of the formed elements

More information

7 Omar Abu Reesh. Dr. Ahmad Mansour Dr. Ahmad Mansour

7 Omar Abu Reesh. Dr. Ahmad Mansour Dr. Ahmad Mansour 7 Omar Abu Reesh Dr. Ahmad Mansour Dr. Ahmad Mansour -Leukemia: neoplastic leukocytes circulating in the peripheral bloodstream. -Lymphoma: a neoplastic process in the lymph nodes, spleen or other lymphatic

More information

WHAT ARE PAEDIATRIC CANCERS

WHAT ARE PAEDIATRIC CANCERS WHAT ARE PAEDIATRIC CANCERS INTRODUCTION Childhood cancers are RARE 0.5% of all cancers in the West Overall risk that a child will develop cancer during first 15 years of life is 1 in 450 and 1 in 600

More information

Patterns of Lymphoid Neoplasia in Peripheral Blood. Leon F. Baltrucki, M.D. Leon F. Baltrucki, M.D. Disclosure

Patterns of Lymphoid Neoplasia in Peripheral Blood. Leon F. Baltrucki, M.D. Leon F. Baltrucki, M.D. Disclosure Patterns of Lymphoid Neoplasia in Peripheral Blood Leon F. Baltrucki, M.D. Leon F. Baltrucki, M.D. Disclosure Dr Baltrucki has received an honorarium for his participation as a faculty presenter in this

More information

Charles Mxxx DCEM2 Toulouse Purpan Medical School 01/26/2012 ECN Item 162

Charles Mxxx DCEM2 Toulouse Purpan Medical School 01/26/2012 ECN Item 162 Charles Mxxx DCEM2 Toulouse Purpan Medical School 01/26/2012 ECN Item 162 Definition Pathophysiology Clinical signs and symptoms Biology and Diagnosis Different types of AL Prognosis and Treatment Malignant

More information

1 Introduction. 1.1 Cancer. Introduction

1 Introduction. 1.1 Cancer. Introduction Introduction 1 1.1 Cancer 1 Introduction Cancer is the most precarious disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of cells without any physiological demands of the organism. Cancer may be defined

More information

Bone marrow aspiration as the initial diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of leukemia - A case study

Bone marrow aspiration as the initial diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of leukemia - A case study Original Research Article Bone marrow aspiration as the initial diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of leukemia - A case study Priyanka Poonam 1*, N.K. Bariar 2 1 Tutor, Department of Pathology, Patna Medical

More information

Leukemias. Prof. Mutti Ullah Khan Head of Department Medical Unit-II Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi Medical College

Leukemias. Prof. Mutti Ullah Khan Head of Department Medical Unit-II Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi Medical College Leukemias Prof. Mutti Ullah Khan Head of Department Medical Unit-II Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi Medical College Introduction Leukaemias are malignant disorders of the haematopoietic stem cell compartment,

More information

WBCs Disorders. Dr. Nabila Hamdi MD, PhD

WBCs Disorders. Dr. Nabila Hamdi MD, PhD WBCs Disorders Dr. Nabila Hamdi MD, PhD ILOs Compare and contrast ALL, AML, CLL, CML in terms of age distribution, cytogenetics, morphology, immunophenotyping, laboratory diagnosis clinical features and

More information

Kathleen Finnegan MS MT(ASCP)SHCM

Kathleen Finnegan MS MT(ASCP)SHCM Kathleen Finnegan MS MT(ASCP)SHCM Discuss the history of hematology automation and digital differentials. Discuss the HemoFAXS Hematology Analysis System by Tissue Gnostics. Review automated microscopy

More information

Participants Identification No. % Evaluation. Mitotic figure Educational Erythrocyte precursor, abnormal 1 0.

Participants Identification No. % Evaluation. Mitotic figure Educational Erythrocyte precursor, abnormal 1 0. Cell Identification Mitotic figure 212 99.5 Educational Erythrocyte precursor, abnormal BMD-02 The arrowed cell is a mitotic figure. It was correctly identified by 99.5% of the participants. A cell containing

More information

ACUTE LEUKAEMIAS ON BONE MARROW EXAMINATION AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN THE TELANGANA POPULATION

ACUTE LEUKAEMIAS ON BONE MARROW EXAMINATION AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN THE TELANGANA POPULATION Original Research Article ACUTE LEUKAEMIAS ON BONE MARROW EXAMINATION AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN THE TELANGANA POPULATION S. Praveena * 1, K. Durga 2. *1 Assistant professor, Pathology Department,

More information

MS.4/ 1.Nov/2015. Acute Leukemia: AML. Abdallah Abbadi

MS.4/ 1.Nov/2015. Acute Leukemia: AML. Abdallah Abbadi MS.4/ 1.Nov/2015. Acute Leukemia: AML Abdallah Abbadi Case 9: Acute Leukemia 29 yr old lady complains of fever and painful gums for 1 week. She developed easy bruising and hemorrhagic spots on her trunk

More information

Diseases Of The Blood

Diseases Of The Blood Diseases Of The Blood DR. Associate Professor Of Pathology Faculty Of Medicine Ain Shams University Red Blood Cells and Anemia RBC=4-6 million/mm 2 Hb=12-18 g/dl Oxygen Carrying Molecule Hemoglobin Tetramer:

More information

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) Hodgkin lymphoma )HL)

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) Hodgkin lymphoma )HL) Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) Hodgkin lymphoma )HL) Lymphoid Neoplasms: 1- non-hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) 2- Hodgkin lymphoma 3- plasma cell neoplasms Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

More information

ALL Topic review- Case presentation

ALL Topic review- Case presentation ALL Topic review- Case presentation 26 June 2014 By: Boudor AL-Ghabban Pharma D student, KSU- college of pharmacy Outlines: Topic Review Introduction Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Signe and symptom

More information

SWOG ONCOLOGY RESEARCH PROFESSIONAL (ORP) MANUAL LEUKEMIA FORMS CHAPTER 16A REVISED: DECEMBER 2017

SWOG ONCOLOGY RESEARCH PROFESSIONAL (ORP) MANUAL LEUKEMIA FORMS CHAPTER 16A REVISED: DECEMBER 2017 LEUKEMIA FORMS The guidelines and figures below are specific to Leukemia studies. The information in this manual does NOT represent a complete set of required forms for any leukemia study. Please refer

More information

The patient had a mild splenomegaly but no obvious lymph node enlargement. The consensus phenotype obtained from part one of the exercise was:

The patient had a mild splenomegaly but no obvious lymph node enlargement. The consensus phenotype obtained from part one of the exercise was: Case History An 86 year old male was admitted to hospital with chest infection. Haematological examination subsequently revealed the following: Hb- 11.0 g/dl; WBC- 67.1 x 10^9/l; PLT- 99 x10^9/l; RBC-

More information

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Types

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Types Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Types Detection and Diagnosis Catching cancer early often allows for more treatment options. Some early cancers may have signs and symptoms that

More information

PRECURSOR LYMHPOID NEOPLASMS. B lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma T lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma

PRECURSOR LYMHPOID NEOPLASMS. B lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma T lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma PRECURSOR LYMHPOID NEOPLASMS B lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma T lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma B lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma Definition: B lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma is a neoplasm of precursor

More information

VETERINARY HEMATOLOGY ATLAS OF COMMON DOMESTIC AND NON-DOMESTIC SPECIES COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL SECOND EDITION

VETERINARY HEMATOLOGY ATLAS OF COMMON DOMESTIC AND NON-DOMESTIC SPECIES COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL SECOND EDITION VETERINARY HEMATOLOGY ATLAS OF COMMON DOMESTIC AND NON-DOMESTIC SPECIES SECOND EDITION COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL CHAPTER ONE HEMATOPOIESIS GENERAL FEATURES All blood cells have a finite life span, but in normal

More information

HENATOLYMPHOID SYSTEM THIRD YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS- UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN AHMAD T. MANSOUR, MD. Parts 2 and 3

HENATOLYMPHOID SYSTEM THIRD YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS- UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN AHMAD T. MANSOUR, MD. Parts 2 and 3 HENATOLYMPHOID SYSTEM THIRD YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS- UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN AHMAD T. MANSOUR, MD Parts 2 and 3 NEOPLASTIC LYMPHOID DISEASES Introduction o The bone marrow is the source of all cells in the

More information

EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY MORPHOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES IN LEUKOCYTES

EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY MORPHOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES IN LEUKOCYTES EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY MORPHOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES IN LEUKOCYTES Educational commentary is provided through our affiliation with the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). To obtain FREE CME/CMLE

More information

Agriculture, Romania 2 Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital from Timisoara, Gheorghe Dima Street, no. 5, Romania

Agriculture, Romania 2 Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital from Timisoara, Gheorghe Dima Street, no. 5, Romania MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES IN BLOOD CELLS IN ACUTE LEUKAEMIA IN HUMANS NOTE 2. MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF FIGURATIVE ELEMENTS BLOOD AND BONE MARROW IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LEUKAEMIA SUSPICION Olga-Alina

More information

Case Workshop of Society for Hematopathology and European Association for Haematopathology

Case Workshop of Society for Hematopathology and European Association for Haematopathology Case 24 2007 Workshop of Society for Hematopathology and European Association for Haematopathology Aliyah Rahemtullah 1, Martin K Selig 1, Paola Dal Cin 2 and Robert P Hasserjian 1 Departments of Pathology,

More information

Hematology Unit Lab 2 Review Material

Hematology Unit Lab 2 Review Material Objectives Hematology Unit Lab 2 Review Material - 2018 Laboratory Instructors: 1. Assist students during lab session Students: 1. Review the introductory material 2. Study the case histories provided

More information

Blood Cancer: Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia

Blood Cancer: Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia Published on: 30 May 2017 Blood Cancer: Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia What Is Cancer? The body is made up of cells that grow and die in a controlled way. Sometimes, cells keep dividing and growing without

More information

Introduction to Haematology. Prof Roger Pool Department of Haematology University of Pretoria

Introduction to Haematology. Prof Roger Pool Department of Haematology University of Pretoria Introduction to Haematology Prof Roger Pool Department of Haematology University of Pretoria Suggested reading Haematology at a Glance Atul Mehta & Victor Hoffbrand Second Edition Published by Blackwell

More information

Early diagnosis saves lives #SpotLeukaemia

Early diagnosis saves lives #SpotLeukaemia Early diagnosis saves lives #SpotLeukaemia Leukaemia... is a blood cancer affects people of all ages Leukaemia symptoms are hard to spot, as they are similar to the symptoms of common, unrelated conditions.

More information

HENATOLYMPHOID SYSTEM THIRD YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS- UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN AHMAD T. MANSOUR, MD. Part 4 MYELOID NEOPLASMS

HENATOLYMPHOID SYSTEM THIRD YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS- UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN AHMAD T. MANSOUR, MD. Part 4 MYELOID NEOPLASMS HENATOLYMPHOID SYSTEM THIRD YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS- UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN AHMAD T. MANSOUR, MD Part 4 MYELOID NEOPLASMS Introduction: o Myeloid neoplasms are divided into three major categories: o Acute

More information

Dr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Anatomical Pathology Discipline. University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine & Health Sciences Division of Pathology

Dr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Anatomical Pathology Discipline. University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine & Health Sciences Division of Pathology Neoplasia Dr Rodney Itaki Lecturer Anatomical Pathology Discipline University of Papua New Guinea School of Medicine & Health Sciences Division of Pathology General Considerations Overview: Neoplasia uncontrolled,

More information

Hematology 101. Blanche P Alter, MD, MPH, FAAP Clinical Genetics Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Bethesda, MD

Hematology 101. Blanche P Alter, MD, MPH, FAAP Clinical Genetics Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Bethesda, MD Hematology 101 Blanche P Alter, MD, MPH, FAAP Clinical Genetics Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Bethesda, MD Hematocrits Plasma White cells Red cells Normal, Hemorrhage, IDA, Leukemia,

More information

By Dr. Mohamed Saad Daoud

By Dr. Mohamed Saad Daoud By Dr. Mohamed Saad Daoud Part I Introduction Types of White Blood Cells Genesis of the White Blood Cells Life Span of the White Blood Cells Dr. Mohamed Saad Daoud 2 Leucocytes Introduction: Infectious

More information

If unqualified, Complete remission is considered to be Haematological complete remission

If unqualified, Complete remission is considered to be Haematological complete remission Scroll right to see the database codes for Disease status and Response Diagnosis it refers to Disease status or response to treatment AML ALL CML CLL MDS or MD/MPN or acute leukaemia secondary to previous

More information

Study of advantages and disadvantages of bone marrow trephine biopsy over bone marrow aspiration

Study of advantages and disadvantages of bone marrow trephine biopsy over bone marrow aspiration Original article: Study of advantages and disadvantages of bone marrow trephine biopsy over bone marrow aspiration 1 Dr. Smita Bhadekar *, 2 Dr.Sunita Patil 1Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pathology, BJGMC,

More information

Haematological Cancer Suspected (Adults & Children)

Haematological Cancer Suspected (Adults & Children) Haematological Cancer Suspected (Adults & Children) Link to NICE guidelines: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng47 Patient of any age presents with symptoms of possible haematological cancer If 60 years

More information

Pediatric Oncology. Vlad Radulescu, MD

Pediatric Oncology. Vlad Radulescu, MD Pediatric Oncology Vlad Radulescu, MD Objectives Review the epidemiology of childhood cancer Discuss the presenting signs and symptoms, general treatment principles and overall prognosis of the most common

More information

If unqualified, Complete remission is considered to be Haematological complete remission

If unqualified, Complete remission is considered to be Haematological complete remission Scroll right to see the database codes for Disease status and Response Diagnosis it refers to Disease status or response to treatment AML ALL CML CLL MDS or MD/MPN or acute leukaemia secondary to previous

More information

Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes Lenise Taylor, RN, MN, AOCNS Heme Malignancies/BMT CNS Seattle Cancer Care Alliance/UWMC Lymphoid 1 Myeloid 2 Presenting Signs and Symptoms Diagnostic Evaluation

More information

Prepared by: Dr.Mansour Al-Yazji

Prepared by: Dr.Mansour Al-Yazji C L L CLL Prepared by: Abd El-Hakeem Abd El-Rahman Abu Naser Ahmed Khamis Abu Warda Ahmed Mohammed Abu Ghaben Bassel Ziad Abu Warda Nedal Mostafa El-Nahhal Dr.Mansour Al-Yazji LEUKEMIA Leukemia is a form

More information

Adult Acute leukemia. Matthew Seftel. August

Adult Acute leukemia. Matthew Seftel. August Adult Acute leukemia Matthew Seftel August 21 2007 mseftel@cancercare.mb.ca Principles 3 cases Diagnosis and classification of acute leukemia (AL) Therapy Emergencies Remission induction BMT Complications

More information

HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES BIOLOGY

HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES BIOLOGY HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES BIOLOGY Failure of terminal differentiation Failure of differentiated cells to undergo apoptosis Failure to control growth Neoplastic stem cell FAILURE OF TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION

More information

Prepared By Jocelyn Palao and Layla Faqih

Prepared By Jocelyn Palao and Layla Faqih Prepared By Jocelyn Palao and Layla Faqih The structure of the suspected atypical cell should always be compared to the structure of other similar, benign, cells which are present in the smears. The diagnosis

More information

Faculty of Medicine Dr. Tariq Aladily

Faculty of Medicine Dr. Tariq Aladily Iron deficiency anemia The most common anemia worldwide Only 10% of ingested iron is absorbed Most dietary iron occurs in meat products Absorbed in duodenum Hepcidin By inhibiting ferroportin, hepcidin

More information

Rory McCulloch. Specialty Trainee Haematology Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital

Rory McCulloch. Specialty Trainee Haematology Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital Rory McCulloch Specialty Trainee Haematology Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital Anaemia 1 Haematological disorders Anaemia 2 Non-haematological disorders Substrates: Iron, folate, vitamin B12 Red cell mass

More information

Acute Myeloid Leukemia Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Types

Acute Myeloid Leukemia Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Types Acute Myeloid Leukemia Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Types Detection and Diagnosis Catching cancer early often allows for more treatment options. Some early cancers may have signs and symptoms that can

More information

BIT 120. Copy of Cancer/HIV Lecture

BIT 120. Copy of Cancer/HIV Lecture BIT 120 Copy of Cancer/HIV Lecture Cancer DEFINITION Any abnormal growth of cells that has malignant potential i.e.. Leukemia Uncontrolled mitosis in WBC Genetic disease caused by an accumulation of mutations

More information

Flow Cytometry. Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Bone Marrow Aspirate and Biopsy

Flow Cytometry. Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Bone Marrow Aspirate and Biopsy Diagnostic Evaluation of Blood Disorders Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes Lenise Taylor, MN, RN, AOCNS, BMTCN BMT/Immunotherapy CNS Seattle Cancer Care Alliance/UWMC ltaylor@seattlecca.org History

More information

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) & Myeloproliferative neoplasms

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) & Myeloproliferative neoplasms Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) & Myeloproliferative neoplasms Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) A multipotent stem cell that can differentiate into any of the myeloid lineage cells (RBCs, granulocytes, megakaryocytes)

More information

EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY BLOOD CELL IDENTIFICATION

EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY BLOOD CELL IDENTIFICATION EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY BLOOD CELL IDENTIFICATION Educational commentary is provided through our affiliation with the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). To obtain FREE CME/CMLE credits click

More information

Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in a Dog A. Hillström 1, H. Tvedten 1, M. Kiupel 2.

Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in a Dog A. Hillström 1, H. Tvedten 1, M. Kiupel 2. Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in a Dog A. Hillström 1, H. Tvedten 1, M. Kiupel 2. 1 University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Strömsholm Referral Animal Hospital, Sweden 2

More information

Blood Cell Identification Graded

Blood Cell Identification Graded BCP-21 Blood Cell Identification Graded Case History The patient is a 37-year-old female with a history of multiple sickle cell crises. She now presents with avascular necrosis of the left hip. Laboratory

More information

Hematopathology Lab. Third year medical students

Hematopathology Lab. Third year medical students Hematopathology Lab Third year medical students Objectives Identify the lesion Know the specific name of the lesion Know associated disease Know relevant pathologic background Spherocytes: appear small,

More information

Neoplastic proliferation arising from white blood cells. Introductory remarks. Classification

Neoplastic proliferation arising from white blood cells. Introductory remarks. Classification Neoplastic proliferation arising from white blood cells Lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative diseases and syndromes Oliver Rácz, 2012-2017 1 Introductory remarks Leukemia and lymphoma are old descriptive

More information

Low grade High grade , immune suppression chronic persistent inflammation viruses B-symptoms

Low grade High grade , immune suppression chronic persistent inflammation viruses B-symptoms We've one category for lymphoid neoplasm which is the lymphoma in contrast to that of myeloid which has three categories; acute myeloid leukemias, myeloproliferative & myelodysplastic disorders. Lymphoma

More information

PATHOLOGY & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PATHOLOGY & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PATHOLOGY & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DISORDERS OF BLOOD DISORDERS OF BLOOD Disorders of Blood Infections Tumours Nutritional disorders Coagulation disorders Congenital disorders Septicaemia Leukemia Iron deficiency

More information

Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Recurrent Cytogenetic Abnormalities

Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Recurrent Cytogenetic Abnormalities Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Recurrent Cytogenetic Abnormalities Acute Myeloid Leukemia with recurrent cytogenetic Abnormalities -t(8;21)(q22;q22)(aml/eto) -inv(16) or t(16;16) -t(15;17) -11q23 Acute Myeloid

More information

Childhood Leukemia Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Types

Childhood Leukemia Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Types Childhood Leukemia Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Types Detection and Diagnosis Catching cancer early often allows for more treatment options. Some early cancers may have signs and symptoms that can be

More information

LEUKEMIA--ACUTE MYELOID (MYELOGENOUS)

LEUKEMIA--ACUTE MYELOID (MYELOGENOUS) LEUKEMIA--ACUTE MYELOID (MYELOGENOUS) What is cancer? Cancer develops when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control. Although there are many kinds of cancer, they all start because of out-of-control

More information

Case Report Blasts-more than meets the eye: evaluation of post-induction day 21 bone marrow in CBFB rearranged acute leukemia

Case Report Blasts-more than meets the eye: evaluation of post-induction day 21 bone marrow in CBFB rearranged acute leukemia Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014;7(7):4498-4502 www.ijcep.com /ISSN:1936-2625/IJCEP0000851 Case Report Blasts-more than meets the eye: evaluation of post-induction day 21 bone marrow in CBFB rearranged acute

More information

Myelodyplastic Syndromes Paul J. Shami, M.D.

Myelodyplastic Syndromes Paul J. Shami, M.D. Myelodyplastic Syndromes Paul J. Shami, M.D. Professor of Hematology, University of Utah Member, Huntsman Cancer Institute Objectives Define Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Explain how MDS are diagnosed

More information

Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Patient s Perspective

Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Patient s Perspective Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Patient s Perspective Patrick A Hagen, MD, MPH Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center Loyola University Medical Center Maywood, IL Overview 1. What is AML? 2. Who gets AML? Epidemiology

More information

MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES: A diagnosis often missed

MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES: A diagnosis often missed MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES: A diagnosis often missed D R. EMMA W YPKEMA C O N S U LTA N T H A E M AT O L O G I S T L A N C E T L A B O R AT O R I E S THE MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES DEFINITION The Myelodysplastic

More information

Case 3. Ann T. Moriarty,MD

Case 3. Ann T. Moriarty,MD Case 3 Ann T. Moriarty,MD Case 3 59 year old male with asymptomatic cervical lymphadenopathy. These images are from a fine needle biopsy of a left cervical lymph node. Image 1 Papanicolaou Stained smear,100x.

More information

Large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (LGLL)

Large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (LGLL) Bloodwise Patient Information Large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (LGLL) For anyone affected by blood cancer Large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (LGLL) This fact sheet will help you to understand LGLL,

More information

MDS 101. What is bone marrow? Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Let s build a definition. Dysplastic? Syndrome? 5/22/2014. What does bone marrow do?

MDS 101. What is bone marrow? Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Let s build a definition. Dysplastic? Syndrome? 5/22/2014. What does bone marrow do? 101 May 17, 2014 Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Let s build a definition Myelo bone marrow Gail J. Roboz, M.D. Director, Leukemia Program Associate Professor of Medicine What is bone marrow? What does bone

More information

Part II The Cell Cell Division, Chapter 2 Outline of class notes

Part II The Cell Cell Division, Chapter 2 Outline of class notes Part II The Cell Cell Division, Chapter 2 Outline of class notes 1 Cellular Division Overview Types of Cell Division Chromosomal Number The Cell Cycle Mitoses Cancer Cells In Vitro Fertilization Infertility

More information

Reactive and Neoplastic Lymphocytosis

Reactive and Neoplastic Lymphocytosis Reactive and Neoplastic Lymphocytosis Koranda A. Walsh, VMD, BS Assistant Professor, Clinical Pathobiology University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine PLEASE NOTE: These notes are meant as

More information

Leukocytosis - Some Learning Points

Leukocytosis - Some Learning Points Leukocytosis - Some Learning Points Koh Liang Piu Department of Hematology-Oncology National University Cancer Institute National University Health System Objectives of this talk: 1. To provide some useful

More information

Cancer in Children. Dr Anant Sachdev Cancer Lead Berkshire East, GPSI Palliative Medicine

Cancer in Children. Dr Anant Sachdev Cancer Lead Berkshire East, GPSI Palliative Medicine Cancer in Children Dr Anant Sachdev Cancer Lead Berkshire East, GPSI Palliative Medicine 07976 608871 anant.sachdev@nhs.net Aim of this very short session! Facts and figures relating to Childrens Cancers

More information

Indolent Lymphomas. Dr. Melissa Toupin The Ottawa Hospital

Indolent Lymphomas. Dr. Melissa Toupin The Ottawa Hospital Indolent Lymphomas Dr. Melissa Toupin The Ottawa Hospital What does indolent mean? Slow growth Often asymptomatic Chronic disease with periods of relapse (long natural history possible) Incurable with

More information

Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes Lenise Taylor, RN, MN, AOCNS, BMTCN Oncology CNS Seattle Cancer Care Alliance/UWMC ltaylor@seattlecca.org Lymphoid 1 Myeloid 2 Diagnostic Evaluation of Blood Disorders

More information

Flow Cytometry. Bone Marrow Aspirate and Biopsy. Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Flow Cytometry. Bone Marrow Aspirate and Biopsy. Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnostic Evaluation of Blood Disorders Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes Elise Frans, MN, RN, CWON Oncology CNS University of Washington Medical Center delterzo@uw.edu 1 History & Physical Labs:

More information

ClinicoHaematologicalStudyofAcuteLymphoblasticleukemia

ClinicoHaematologicalStudyofAcuteLymphoblasticleukemia Global Journal of Medical research: c Microbiology and Pathology Volume 14 Issue 3 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc.

More information

Aplastic anamia & Sideroblastic anemia

Aplastic anamia & Sideroblastic anemia Hematology Lecture 7 كلية التقنيات الصحية والطبية قسم التحليالت المرضية Aplastic anamia & Sideroblastic anemia اإلعداد: ظفر جبار دهاق فؤاد APLASTIC ANEMIA What is Aplastic anemia? Aplastic anemia is a

More information

Radiation-induced induced Genomic Instability and Bystander Effects: implications for radiation leukaemogenesis

Radiation-induced induced Genomic Instability and Bystander Effects: implications for radiation leukaemogenesis Radiation-induced induced Genomic Instability and Bystander Effects: implications for radiation leukaemogenesis University of Dundee Medical School Eric G Wright Professor of Experimental Haematology The

More information

Granular lymphoblast in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A rare morphology

Granular lymphoblast in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A rare morphology www.edoriumjournals.com CLINICAL IMAGES PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS Granular lymphoblast in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A rare morphology Shehab Fareed Mohamed, Dina Sameh Soliman, Firyal Ibrahim

More information

TRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION. 14 February 2007

TRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION. 14 February 2007 The legally binding text is the original French version TRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION 14 February 2007 GLIVEC 100 mg, capsule B/120 capsules (CIP: 358 493-5) GLIVEC 100 mg, capsule B/180 capsules (CIP:

More information

Bone marrow histopathology in Ph - CMPDs. - the new WHO classification - Juergen Thiele Cologne, Germany

Bone marrow histopathology in Ph - CMPDs. - the new WHO classification - Juergen Thiele Cologne, Germany Bone marrow histopathology in Ph - CMPDs - the new WHO classification - Juergen Thiele Cologne, Germany Current issues in MPNs concerning morphology 1.Prodromal stages of disease 2.Impact of histopathology

More information

Diagnostic challenge: Acute leukemia with biphenotypic blasts and BCR-ABL1 translocation

Diagnostic challenge: Acute leukemia with biphenotypic blasts and BCR-ABL1 translocation Case Study Diagnostic challenge: Acute leukemia with biphenotypic blasts and BCR-ABL1 translocation Ling Wang 1 and Xiangdong Xu 1,2,* 1 Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego; 2

More information

Information. about cancer

Information. about cancer 1 Information about cancer This chapter may help you answer simple questions about what cancer is and how it is treated. There are more than 200 different types of cancer and a range of treatments. Being

More information

Hemopoiesis and Blood

Hemopoiesis and Blood Hemopoiesis and Blood Blood Cells o o o Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes Function o Transport nutrients and wastes throughout the bloodstream, fight foreign antigens and blood coagulation. Location

More information

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Mantle Cell Lymphoma Mantle Cell Lymphoma Clinical Case A 56 year-old woman complains of pain and fullness in the left superior abdominal quadrant for the last 8 months. She has lost 25 kg, and lately has had night sweats.

More information