Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
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1 Chapter 19 Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Measure Your Progress: Learning Objectives After you study this chapter, you should be able to Describe five radiology procedures that use x-rays. Describe common x-ray projections (views) and patient positions. Identify common radiology and nuclear medicine procedures that use x-rays, contrast dye, a magnetic field, an electron beam, sound waves, gamma rays, or positrons. Give the meaning of word parts and abbreviations related to radiology and nuclear medicine. Build radiology and nuclear medicine words from word parts and divide and define words. Spell and pronounce radiology and nuclear medicine words. Analyze the medical content and meaning of a radiology report. Dive deeper into radiology and nuclear medicine by reviewing the activities at the end of this chapter and online at Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. 413
2 It All Starts with Word Building Medical language is all about medical words and their word parts. Jump right into this chapter by learning some of the common combining forms and their definitions that you will encounter in this chapter. axi/o- axis project/o- orientation cin/e- movement quantitat/o- quantity; amount densit/odos/iech/ofluor/oluc/omagnet/opharmaceutic/o- density dose echo (sound wave) fluorescence clear magnet medicine; drug radi/oscint/ison/otom/otrac/o- radius (forearm bone); x-rays; radiation point of light sound cut; slice; layer visible path 414 Chapter 19 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
3 Chapter Spelling Test Memorize these spelling words from the chapter. Be prepared to spell them as your instructor dictates them to you. 1. arteriography 2. anteroposterior 3. coronary angiography 4. decubitus position 5. echocardiogram 6. fluoroscopy 7. hysterosalpingogram 8. intravenous pyelography 9. lymphangiography 10. mammography 11. positron emission tomography 12. radiopaque 13. technetium 14. thallium 15. ultrasonography Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 415
4 Chapter Pronunciation Test Review and practice the pronunciation of these words from the chapter. Your instructor may ask you to call his or her office and pronounce each word on voic . 1. angiography (an-jee-aw-grah-fee) 2. anteroposterior (an-ter-oh-pohs-teer-ee-or) 3. arteriography (ar-teer-ee-aw-grah-fee) 4. decubitus position (dee-kyoo-bih-tus poh-sih-shun) 5. echocardiogram (ek-oh-kar-dee-oh-gram) 6. fluoroscopy (floor-aw-skoh-pee) 7. hysterosalpingogram (his-ter-oh-sal-ping-goh-gram) 8. intravenous pyelography (in-trah-vee-nus py-eh-law-grah-fee) 9. lymphangiography (lim-fan-jee-aw-grah-fee) 10. mammography (mah-maw-grah-fee) 11. positron emission tomography (PAW-zih-trawn ee-mih-shun toh-maw-grah-fee) 12. radiopharmaceutical (ray-dee-oh-far-mah-soo-tih-kal) 13. technetium (tek-nee-shee-um) 14. thallium (THAL-ee-um) 15. ultrasonography (ul-trah-soh-naw-grah-fee) 416 Chapter 19 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
5 Word Search Complete this word search puzzle that contains Chapter 19 words. Look for the following words as given in the list below. The number in parentheses indicates how many times the word appears in the puzzle. apron artifact PET scan projection barium rad (2) DEXA Doppler dose echo fluoroscopy KUB MUGA nuclear radiation scan spiral tomography tracer ultrasound x-ray Y H P A R G O M O T Y P P D N B D E X A W A R E O U A A G P J R R O T P C X C R E T E X J S P L S O S I C F E E C L E N O F A U C Q C A E A D A R G H M A T N R R C T Q O K G Z I U L T R A S O U N D O S P I R A L M B L X N O I T A I D A R J F Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 417
6 Crossword Puzzle Chapter 19 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
7 Across 5. The abbreviation stands for the three structures that are being x-rayed: the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. 6. A procedure where contrast dye is injected into a joint is called an. 7. Radioactive substances that produce rays or positrons are used for nuclear medicine imaging. 8. The combining form means orientation. 10. aprons are used to shield parts of the body that are not being x-rayed. Down 1. When a CT scan is used to guide the insertion of a needle (for a biopsy), this is known as radiology. 2. is a procedure used to outline the urinary tract to show narrowing, blockage, and the presence of kidney stones in the renal pelvis and elsewhere. 3. An ultrasound image is referred to as a/an. 4. uses continuous x-rays to capture the motion of the internal organs as it occurs. 9. The combining form means movement. Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 419
8 Underline the Accented Syllable Read the medical word. Then review the syllables in the pronunciation. Underline the primary (main) accented syllable in the pronunciation. 1. cholangiography (koh-lan-jee-aw-grah-fee) 2. decubitus (dee-kyoo-bih-tus) 3. echocardiography (ek-oh-kar-dee-aw-grah-fee) 4. fluoroscopy (floor-aw-skoh-pee) 5. gadolinium (gad-oh-lin-ee-um) 6. hysterosalpingography (his-ter-oh-sal-ping-gaw-grah-fee) 7. indium (in-dee-um) 8. lymphangiography (lim-fan-jee-aw-grah-fee) 9. myelography (my-eh-law-grah-fee) 10. oblique (oh-bleek) 11. quantitative (kwan-tih-tay-tiv) 12. retrograde (reh-troh-grayd) 13. thallium (thal-ee-um) 14. transesophageal (trans-eh-saw-fah-jee-al) 15. venography (vee-naw-grah-fee) 420 Chapter 19 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
9 Word Surgery Read the medical word. Break the medical word into its word parts and give the meaning of each word part. Then give the definition of the medical word. 1. anteroposterior 2. arthrography 3. cineradiography 4. cholangiography 5. cholescintigraphy Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 421
10 6. dosimetry 7. echocardiography 8. fluoroscopy 9. lateral 10. myelogram 422 Chapter 19 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
11 11. posteroanterior 12. radiology 13. radiolucent 14. transesophageal 15. xeromammogram Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 423
12 Chapter Quiz Multiple Choice 1. Areas of the body that have a low density and allow x-rays to pass through are A. radiolucent. B. microscopic. C. nuclear. D. radioactive. 2. With the patient in a standing position and the chest next to the x-ray plate, a/an chest x-ray image is made. A. PA B. AP C. lateral D. oblique 3. Which of the following is used to describe the procedure in which a patient is given an injection of a contrast dye into a joint and then an x-ray is performed? A. barium enema B. arthrography C. aortography D. venography 4. Intravenous cholangiography A. helps visualize the colon. B. produces an image of the gallbladder. C. uses radioactive isotopes. D. is usually done at autopsy. 5. Mammography A. uses ultrasonography to create an image of the breast. B. is the surgical removal of a breast or part of a breast. C. is a treatment for benign breast tumors. D. uses x-rays to create an image of the breast. 424 Chapter 19 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
13 6. Radiopharmaceuticals are drugs that A. emit x-rays. B. are a type of contrast dye. C. emit gamma rays. D. were discovered by Einstein. 7. Thallium-201 is A. used during fluoroscopy of the GI tract. B. radioactive. C. used to image the heart. D. All of the above. 8. Positrons are positively charged particles used in A. PET scans. B. scintigraphy. C. MRI. D. CT scans. 9. Lying on the back as in a position for a radiograph is called A. prone. B. densitometry. C. radiologic. D. decubitus. 10. A unit of measurement for radiation exposure is A. rem. B. nucleotide. C. krypton-81. D. electron beam. Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 425
14 Fill in the Blank 1. aprons are extremely dense and are therefore used to shield a patient from x-rays. 2. An x-ray beam that enters the body at an angle midway between anterior and lateral is a/an x-ray. 3. The x-ray procedure in which contrast dye is inserted into the vagina through a catheter and the dye outlines the uterus and the lumens of the uterine tubes is called. 4. Magnetic resonance imaging is especially useful in making images of tissues. 5. beam tomography is also known as a full body scan. 6. A ventilation-perfusion scan shows air flow and blood flow to the. 7. The abbreviation CAT stands for. 8. A motion is a blurred image on an x-ray that occurs when a patient moves during the procedure. 9. A procedure that uses x-rays and a contrast dye to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra is. 10. are radiopharmaceutical drugs that can be followed by the gamma rays they produce. 426 Chapter 19 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
15 True/False 1. X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation. 2. KUB describes an x-ray where the patient is lying in a supine position and the image shows the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. 3. When a contrast dye is injected to show a blockage or narrowing in a blood vessel or show an aneurysm, it is known as a barium enema. 4. Myel/o-, as in myelography, refers to the lymphatic system. 5. Patients who undergo magnetic resonance imaging must sign a consent form that describes metal items they have that are implanted. 6. When gamma rays enter the scintillation camera, they strike a crystal structure that emits x-rays. 7. An OncoScint scan is used to detect areas of increased activity that are metastases from a cancerous tumor primary site. 8. Areas of increased uptake on a scintigram are known as cold spots. 9. The use of CT, MRI, or ultrasonography to guide the insertion of a needle for biopsy or other procedure is interventional radiology. 10. A PET scan uses dye and x-rays to examine a vein. Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 427
16 Pronunciation Checklist Read each word and its pronunciation. Practice pronouncing each word. Verify your pronunciation by listening to the Pronunciation List on Check the box next to the word after you master its pronunciation. o angiogram (AN-jee-oh-gram) o angiography (an-jee-aw-grah-fee) o anteroposterior position (an-ter-oh-pohs-teer-ee-or poh-sih-shun) o aortography (aa-or-taw-grah-fee) o arteriogram (ar-teer-ee-oh-gram) o arteriography (ar-teer-ee-aw-grah-fee) o arthrogram (AR-throh-gram) o arthrography (ar-thraw-grah-fee) o barium enema (BAIR-ee-um EN-eh-mah) o cholangiogram (koh-lan-jee-oh-gram) o cholangiography (koh-lan-jee-aw-grah-fee) o cholangiopancreatography (koh-lan-jee-oh-pan-kree-ah- TAW-grah-fee) o cholecystogram (koh-lee-sis-toh-gram) o cholecystography (koh-lee-sis-taw-grah-fee) o cholescintigraphy (koh-lee-sin-tih-grah-fee) o cineradiography (sin-eh-ray-dee-aw-grah-fee) o computerized axial tomography (com-pyoo-ter-ized AK-see-al toh-maw-grah-fee) o decubitus position (dee-kyoo-bih-tus poh-sih-shun) o densitometry (den-sih-taw-meh-tree) o DEXA scan (DEK-sah SKAN) o diagnostic imaging (dy-ag-naw-stik IM-ah-jing) o Doppler ultrasonography (DAW-pler ul-trah-soh-naw-grah-fee) o dosimeter (doh-sim-eh-ter) o dosimetry (doh-sim-eh-tree) o duplex ultrasonography (DOO-pleks ul-trah-soh-naw-grah-fee) o echocardiogram (ek-oh-kar-dee-oh-gram) o echocardiography (ek-oh-kar-dee-aw-grah-fee) o electron beam tomography (ee-lek-tron BEEM toh-maw-grah-fee) o excretory urography (EKS-kree-tor-ee yoor-aw-grah-fee) o fluoroscopy (floor-aw-skoh-pee) o gadolinium (gad-oh-lin-ee-um) o gallium (GAL-ee-um) o hysterosalpingogram (his-ter-oh-sal-ping-goh-gram) o hysterosalpingography (his-ter-oh-sal-ping-gawgrah-fee) o indium (IN-dee-um) o interventional radiology (in-ter-ven-shun-al ray-dee-aw-loh-jee) o intravenous cholangiography (in-trah-vee-nus koh-lan-jee-aw-grah-fee) o intravenous pyelography (in-trah-vee-nus py-eh-law-grah-fee) o iodinated contrast dye (EYE-oh-dih-nay-ted CON-trast DIE) o iodine (EYE-oh-dine) o krypton (KRIP-tawn) o lateral position (LAT-er-al poh-sih-shun) o lymphangiogram (lim-fan-jee-oh-gram) o lymphangiography (lim-fan-jee-aw-grah-fee) o magnetic resonance imaging (mag-net-ik REH-soh-nans IM-ah-jing) o mammogram (MAM-oh-gram) o mammography (mah-maw-grah-fee) o MUGA scan (MUH-gah SKAN) o myelogram (MY-eh-loh-gram) o myelography (my-eh-law-grah-fee) o nuclear medicine (NOO-klee-ar MED-ih-sin) o nuclear ventriculogram (NOO-klee-ar ven-trih-kyoo-loh-gram) o oblique position (oh-bleek poh-sih-shun) o OncoScint scan (AWN-koh-sint SKAN) o positron emission tomography (PAW-zih-trawn ee-mih-shun toh-maw-grah-fee) o posteroanterior position (pohs-ter-oh-an-teer-ee-or poh-sih-shun) o projection (proh-jek-shun) o ProstaScint scan (PRAW-stah-sint SKAN) o pyelogram (PY-eh-loh-gram) o pyelography (py-eh-law-grah-fee) o quantitative computerized tomography (KWAN-tih-tay-tiv com-pyoo-ter-ized toh-maw-grah-fee) o radiation (ray-dee-aa-shun) o radioactive (ray-dee-oh-ak-tiv) o radiograph (RAY-dee-oh-graf) o radiography (ray-dee-aw-grah-fee) o radiologic technologist (ray-dee-oh-law-jik tek-naw-loh-jist) o radiologist (ray-dee-aw-loh-jist) o radiology (ray-dee-aw-loh-jee) o radiolucent (ray-dee-oh-loo-sent) o radiopaque (ray-dee-oh-payk) o radiopharmaceutical (ray-dee-oh-far-mah-sootih-kal) o rem (REM) 428 Chapter 19 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
17 o retrograde pyelography (REH-troh-grayd py-eh-law-grah-fee) o roentgenography (rent-gen-aw-grah-fee) o scintigram (SIN-tih-gram) o scintigraphy (sin-tih-grah-fee) o scintiscan (SIN-tih-skan) o sonogram (SAW-noh-gram) o sonography (soh-naw-grah-fee) o SPECT scan (SPEKT SKAN) o technetium (tek-nee-shee-um) o thallium (THAL-ee-um) o tomography (toh-maw-grah-fee) o tracer (TRAY-ser) o transducer (trans-doo-ser) o transesophageal echocardiogram (trans-eh-saw-fah-jee-al ek-oh-kar-dee-oh-gram) o ultrasonography (ul-trah-soh-naw-grah-fee) o ultrasound (UL-trah-sound) o upper gastrointestinal series (UH-per gas-troh-in-tes-tihnal SEER-eez) o urogram (YOOR-oh-gram) o venogram (VEE-noh-gram) o venography (vee-naw-grah-fee) o ventilation-perfusion scan (ven-tih-lay-shun per-fyoo-shun SKAN) o xenon (ZEE-nawn) o xeromammography (zeer-oh-mah-maw-grah-fee) o x-ray (EKS-ray) Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 429
18 Answer Key Word Search Y H P A R G O M O T Y P P D N B D E X A W A R E O U A A G P J R R O T P C X C R E T E X J S P L S O S I C F E E C L E N O F A U C Q C A E A D A R G H M A T N R R C T Q O K G Z I U L T R A S O U N D O S P I R A L M B L X N O I T A I D A R J F 430 Chapter 19 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
19 Crossword Puzzle I N 2 T P E Y R E V L E O 3 4 S F N G O L T R N 5 K U B I A O O O P G R N H 6 A R T H R O G R A P H Y A S L G A M M A C 8 9 P R O J E C T O P I Y N 10 L E A D 7 1 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 431
20 Underline the Accented Syllable 1. cholangiography (koh-lan-jee-aw-grah-fee) 2. decubitus (dee-kyoo-bih-tus) 3. echocardiography (ek-oh-kar-dee-aw-grah-fee) 4. fluoroscopy (floor-aw-skoh-pee) 5. gadolinium (gad-oh-lin-ee-um) 6. hysterosalpingography (his-ter-oh-sal-ping-gaw-grah-fee) 7. indium (IN-dee-um) 8. lymphangiography (lim-fan-jee-aw-grah-fee) 9. myelography (my-eh-law-grah-fee) 10. oblique (oh-bleek) 11. quantitative (KWAN-tih-tay-tiv) 12. retrograde (REH-troh-grayd) 13. thallium (THAL-ee-um) 14. transesophageal (trans-eh-saw-fah-jee-al) 15. venography (vee-naw-grah-fee) 432 Chapter 19 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
21 Word Surgery 1. anteroposterior Suffix and its meaning: -ior pertaining to Combining form and its meaning: anter/o- before; front part Combining form and its meaning: poster/o- back part Medical word definition: Pertaining to (going from the) front part (to the) back part 2. arthrography Suffix and its meaning: -graphy process of recording Combining form and its meaning: arthr/o- joint Medical word definition: Process of recording a joint (using contrast dye and x-rays) 3. cineradiography Suffix and its meaning: -graphy process of recording Combining form and its meaning: cin/e- movement Combining form and its meaning: radi/o- radius (forearm bone); x-rays; radiation Medical word definition: Process of recording movement (during an) x-ray 4. cholangiography Suffix and its meaning: -graphy process of recording Combining form and its meaning: cholangi/o- bile duct Medical word definition: Process of recording the bile ducts (using contrast dye and x-rays) 5. cholescintigraphy Suffix and its meaning: -graphy process of recording Combining form and its meaning: chol/e- bile; gall Combining form and its meaning: scint/i- point of light Medical word definition: Process of recording (the gallbladder and cystic duct that contain) bile using (a radioactive substance that gives off gamma rays as a) point of light Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 433
22 6. dosimetry Suffix and its meaning: -metry process of measuring Combining form and its meaning: dos/i- dose Medical word definition: Process of measuring the dose (of radiation) 7. echocardiography Suffix and its meaning: -graphy process of recording Combining form and its meaning: ech/o- echo (sound wave) Combining form and its meaning: cardi/o- heart Medical word definition: Process of recording echoes (sound waves) (from the) heart 8. fluoroscopy Suffix and its meaning: -scopy process of using an instrument to examine Combining form and its meaning: fluor/o- fluorescence Medical word definition: Process of using an instrument to examine (x-rays transformed into) fluorescence 9. lateral Suffix and its meaning: -al pertaining to Combining form and its meaning: later/o- side Medical word definition: Pertaining to the side 10. myelogram Suffix and its meaning: -gram a record or picture Combining form and its meaning: myel/o- bone marrow; spinal cord; myelin Medical word definition: A record or picture of the spinal cord 434 Chapter 19 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
23 11. posteroanterior Suffix and its meaning: -ior pertaining to Combining form and its meaning: poster/o- back part Combining form and its meaning: anter/o- before; front part Medical word definition: Pertaining to (going from the) back part (to the) front part 12. radiology Suffix and its meaning: -logy the study of Combining form and its meaning: radi/o- radius (forearm bone); x-rays; radiation Medical word definition: The study of x-rays and radiation 13. radiolucent Suffix and its meaning: -ent pertaining to Combining form and its meaning: radi/o- radius (forearm bone); x-rays; radiation Combining form and its meaning: luc/o- clear Medical word definition: Pertaining to x-rays (with) clear (areas of low density) 14. transesophageal Suffix and its meaning: -eal pertaining to Prefix and its meaning: trans- across; through Combining form and its meaning: esophag/o- esophagus Medical word definition: Pertaining to through the esophagus 15. xeromammogram Suffix and its meaning: -gram a record or picture Combining form and its meaning: xer/o- dry Combining form and its meaning: mamm/o- breast Medical word definition: A record or picture (processed with) dry (chemicals of the) breast Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 435
24 Chapter Quiz Multiple Choice 1. A 4. B 7. C 10. A 2. A 5. D 8. A 3. B 6. C 9. D Fill in the Blank 1. Lead 2. oblique 3. hysterosalpingography 4. soft 5. Electron 6. lungs 7. computerized axial tomography 8. artifact 9. pyelography 10. Tracers True/False 1. True 2. True 3. False (angiography) 4. False (spinal cord) 5. True 6. False (a flash of visible light or photon) 7. True 8. False ( hot spots ) 9. True 10. False (venography) 436 Chapter 19 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Arteriogram An X-ray of an artery after the injection of dye.
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