Cell Cycle. Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Cancer
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1 Cell Cycle Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Cancer
2 Cell Division One cell divides into 2 new identical daughter cells. Chromosomes carry the genetic information (traits) of the cell
3
4 How many Chromosomes are in each of your cells? Single Chromosome Diploid Cells Haploid Cells A full set of chromosomes A half set of chromosomes
5 Normal Karyotype
6 Abnormal Karyotype
7 Gene Expression Cell differentiation occurs because cells have the ability to turn off most genes and only work with the genes necessary for the cell to do its specific job.
8 Cell Size Limitations Surface area to volume ratio Cell transport Cellular communication
9 Cell Division Prokaryotes: binary fission Eukaryotes: cell cycle
10 Cell Cycle (ipmatc) Made of three parts 1. Interphase 2. Mitosis (PMAT) 3. Cytokinesis
11
12 Interphase Centrioles Spindle forming Nuclear envelope Chromatin Interphase Centromere Prophase Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Spindle Centriole Nuclear envelope reforming Cytokinesis Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Centriole Metaphase
13 The time in between cell divisions when cells grow; longest part of the cell cycle. Interphase
14 Interphase -broken into 3 different parts: 1. G 1 - First Growth The cell grows in size and increases # of organelles 2. S - Synthesis DNA replicates during this time Happens rapidly 3. G 2 - Second Growth Increase the size of the cell again and increase the # of organelles again
15 Mitosis (PMAT) Made of four parts 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase
16 Prophase Centrioles Spindle forming Nuclear envelope Chromatin Interphase Centromere Prophase Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Spindle Centriole Nuclear envelope reforming Cytokinesis Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Centriole Metaphase
17 Mitosis Prophase Longest phase of mitosis Early prophase: Chromatin coils up into visible chromosomes Sister chromatids are exact copies of each other
18 Mitosis Prophase Late Prophase: The nuclear membrane begins to disappear Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell Spindle fibers form between the centrioles
19 Prophase (centrioles)
20 Metaphase Centrioles Spindle forming Nuclear envelope Chromatin Interphase Centromere Prophase Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Spindle Centriole Nuclear envelope reforming Cytokinesis Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Centriole Metaphase
21 Metaphase Chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers by their centromeres. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Mitosis
22 Spindle
23 Anaphase Centrioles Spindle forming Nuclear envelope Chromatin Interphase Centromere Prophase Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Spindle Centriole Nuclear envelope reforming Cytokinesis Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Centriole Metaphase
24 Anaphase Centromeres split Chromatid pairs separate and pull apart to opposite sides of the cell Mitosis
25 Telophase Centrioles Spindle forming Nuclear envelope Chromatin Interphase Centromere Prophase Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Spindle Centriole Nuclear envelope reforming Cytokinesis Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Centriole Metaphase
26 Telophase Chromosomes uncoil Nuclear membrane reappears A new membrane starts to form between the two new nuclei Mitosis
27
28 Cytokinesis Centrioles Spindle forming Nuclear envelope Chromatin Interphase Centromere Prophase Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Spindle Centriole Nuclear envelope reforming Cytokinesis Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Centriole Metaphase
29 Cytokinesis Cytoplasm divides In Animals: cell membrane pinches in to form a furrow In Plants: a cell plate is created to form a new cell wall
30 Cytokinesis
31 Cell Cycle Regulation Checkpoints: or stop lights are the quality control mechanism
32 Cell Cycle Regulation Apoptosis: programed cell death; occurs when a cell does not pass quality control
33 Cell Cycle Regulation Cancer: uncontrolled cell division; when apoptosis doesn t happen
34 Control of the Cell Cycle Cancer can: Interfere with normal processes Spread to other tissue (metastasize) Crowd out healthy tissue
35 Control of the Cell Cycle Groups of cancer cells often have an abnormal shape and are called tumors.
36 Control of the Cell Cycle Cancer may be cause by many factors called carcinogens: Environmental Smoking Pollution Radiation Viral Infections Genetics
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