Measure Your Progress: Learning Objectives

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1 Chapter 3 Gastroenterology Measure Your Progress: Learning Objectives After you study this chapter, you should be able to Identify the structures of the gastrointestinal system. Describe the process of digestion. Describe common gastrointestinal diseases, laboratory and diagnostic procedures, medical and surgical procedures, and drug categories. Give the medical meaning of word parts and abbreviations related to the gastrointestinal system. Build gastrointestinal words from word parts and divide and define gastrointestinal words. Spell and pronounce gastrointestinal words. Analyze the medical content and meaning of a gastroenterology report. Dive deeper into gastroenterology by reviewing the activities at the end of this chapter and online at Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. 43

2 It All Starts with Word Building Medical language is all about medical words and their word parts. Jump right into this chapter by learning some of the common combining forms and their definitions that you will encounter in this chapter. abdomin/o- abdomen gloss/o- tongue aliment/o- food; nourishment gustat/o- the sense of taste an/o- anus hemat/o- blood appendic/o- appendix hemorrhoid/o- hemorrhoid append/o- bili/ocec/oceli/ocheil/ochez/ocholangi/ochol/echolecyst/ocholedoch/ocirrh/ocol/ocolon/oconstip/odegluti/odigest/o- diverticul/oduoden/oenter/oesophag/ofec/afec/ogastr/o- small structure hanging from a larger structure; appendix bile; gall cecum abdomen lip to pass feces bile duct bile; gall gallbladder common bile duct yellow colon colon compacted feces swallowing break down food; digest diverticulum duodenum intestine esophagus feces; stool feces; stool stomach hepat/oile/ointestin/ojejun/olapar/olingu/olith/omastic/oomphal/oorex/oor/opancreat/opeps/opept/operitone/ophag/opharyng/opolyp/orect/oregurgitat/osaliv/osial/o- sigmoid/ostomat/oumbilic/o- liver ileum intestine jejunum abdomen tongue stone chewing umbilicus; navel appetite mouth pancreas digestion digestion peritoneum eating; swallowing pharynx (throat) polyp rectum flow backward saliva saliva; salivary gland sigmoid colon mouth umbilicus; navel 44 Chapter 3 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.

3 Chapter Spelling Test Memorize these spelling words from the chapter. Be prepared to spell them as your instructor dictates them to you. 1. anorexia 2. ascites 3. biliary 4. cholangiography 5. choledocholithiasis 6. cirrhosis 7. dysphagia 8. emesis 9. esophagus 10. hematochezia 11. hemorrhoidectomy 12. ileum 13. ileus 14. intussusception 15. jaundice 16. melena 17. pharynx 18. sialolithiasis 19. steatorrhea 20. umbilicus Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Gastroenterology 45

4 Chapter Pronunciation Test Review and practice the pronunciation of these words from the chapter. Your instructor may ask you to call his or her office and pronounce each word on voic . 1. anastomosis (ah-nas-toh-moh-sis) 2. ascites (ah-sy-teez) 3. bilirubin (bil-ih-roo-bin) 4. cholecystectomy (koh-lee-sis-tek-toh-mee) 5. cholelithiasis (koh-lee-lith-eye-ah-sis) 6. peritoneal (pair-ih-toh-nee-al) 7. colonoscopy (koh-lon-aw-skoh-pee) 8. diverticulosis (dy-ver-tih-kyoo-loh-sis) 9. emesis (EM-eh-sis) 10. gastroenterologist (gas-troh-en-ter-aw-loh-jist) 11. hematochezia (hee-mah-toh-kee-zha) 12. hemorrhoidectomy (hem-oh-royd-ek-toh-mee) 13. ileostomy (il-ee-aw-stoh-mee) 14. jaundice (JAWN-dis) 15. jejunostomy (jeh-joo-naw-stoh-mee) 16. laparotomy (lap-ar-aw--toh-mee) 17. mesenteric (mez-en-tair-ik) 18. pancreatitis (pan-kree-ah-ty-tis) 19. pharynx (FAIR-ingks) 20. steatorrhea (stee-at-oh-ree-ah) 46 Chapter 3 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.

5 Word Search Complete this word search puzzle that contains Chapter 3 words. Look for the following words as given in the list below. The number in parentheses indicates how many times the word appears in the puzzle. alimentary duct liver rugae anal (2) emesis lumen RUQ anus esophageal mucosa saliva appendectomy gastric omentum stoma bile (2) gustatory oral (2) stool bowel hernia pepsin UGI CBD ileum (2) polyp villi cecum intestine rectum vomit digestion LFTs RLQ uvula V B F M U C E C I A N O D I G E S T I O N N E R U L L T M R E C T U M A C E O L T U A H E S U L T O K S I N E O S S L Y L U A A A R R L T O A M I G G L N A O F I M E O V C B I L E L A N A G T E O A V O M I T E U A C R M P A M U C O S A H E U E E T L B J T T B P D G N P S D U A R O M O N A T S Q I T V W M U S E E U I U O S E U A E E P J M N R R L Q P Y L O P S A Y R A T N E M I L A Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Gastroenterology 47

6 Crossword Puzzle Across 1. Heartburn, or temporary inflammation of the esophagus due to reflux of the stomach, has a medical name of. 4. A is a cancerous tumor in the liver. 7. is the vomiting of blood. 8. Drugs used to treat heartburn by neutralizing stomach acid are known as. 9. A condition where the intestines bulge through a defect in the diaphragm or abdominal wall is referred to as a/an. Down 1. The combining form refers to eating or swallowing. 2. The process of swallowing food is called. 3. The cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus are areas of the. 5. is a semisolid mixture of partially digested food, saliva, and digestive enzymes in the stomach. 6. The digestive enzyme breaks down carbohydrates and starches into sugars and food fibers. 48 Chapter 3 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.

7 Underline the Accented Syllable Read the medical word. Then review the syllables in the pronunciation. Underline the primary (main) accented syllable in the pronunciation. 1. adenocarcinoma (ad-eh-noh-kar-sih-noh-mah) 2. anastomosis (ah-nas-toh-moh-sis) 3. bilirubin (bil-ih-roo-bin) 4. cecal (see-kal) 5. cholecystectomy (koh-lee-sis-tek-toh-mee) 6. colonic (koh-law-nik) 7. diarrhea (dy-ah-ree-ah) 8. diverticulosis (dy-ver-tih-kyoo-loh-sis) 9. dysphagia (dis-fay-jee-ah) 10. esophagogastroduodenoscopy (eh-saw-fah-goh-gas-troh-doo-oh-den-aw-skoh-pee) 11. gastroenteritis (gas-troh-en-ter-eye-tis) 12. guaiac (gwy-ak) 13. nausea (naw-see-ah) 14. omphalocele (om-fal-oh-seel) 15. steatorrhea (stee-at-oh-ree-ah) Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Gastroenterology 49

8 Word Surgery Read the medical word. Break the medical word into its word parts and give the meaning of each word part. Then give the definition of the medical word. 1. adenocarcinoma 2. anorexia 3. antiemetic 4. peritonitis 5. cholangiography 50 Chapter 3 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.

9 6. cholelithiasis 7. gastroesophageal 8. hematochezia 9. hemorrhoidectomy 10. hepatosplenomegaly Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Gastroenterology 51

10 11. endoscopic 12. herniorrhaphy 13. sialolithiasis 14. postoperative 15. hematemesis 52 Chapter 3 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.

11 Chapter Quiz Multiple Choice 1. The teeth and tongue begin digestion in a process known as A. chemical digestion. B. deglutination. C. mastication. D. emulsification. 2. A product of the stomach that kills microorganisms, breaks down fibers, and converts pepsinogen to the digestive enzyme pepsin is A. gastrin. B. hydrochloric acid. C. cholecystokinin. D. amylase. 3. Food mixed with digestive enzymes in the stomach is known as A. flatus. B. gastrin. C. lipase. D. chyme. 4. Anorexia is A. hiatal hernia. B. a decrease in appetite. C. also known as sialolithiasis. D. regurgitation. 5. Crohn s disease A. affects the ileum and colon. B. mostly affects the stomach. C. is also known as celiac disease. D. is treated with antibiotic drugs. Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Gastroenterology 53

12 6. The accumulation of fluid in the abdominopelvic cavity due to underlying liver disease is known as A. spastic colon. B. ascites. C. hiatal hernia. D. inflammatory bowel disease. 7. The accumulation of bilirubin in the blood is a result of A. liver disease or gallstones. B. an allergic reaction to gluten. C. diverticulosis. D. pancreatic cancer. 8. A cholangiography is used to A. view the colon. B. examine the jejunum. C. outline the bile ducts. D. test for parasites. 9. A colostomy bag is used to allow the collection of A. feces. B. blood. C. urine. D. mucus. 10. GERD is an abbreviation for: A. a test for the presence of Helicobacter pylori. B. a highly trained gastroenterologist. C. a surgical procedure for inserting a feeding tube. D. a condition where the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus. 54 Chapter 3 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.

13 Fill in the Blank 1. NG is an abbreviation for. 2. A surgical procedure that creates a permanent opening from the abdominal wall to the stomach is a. 3. A radiologic procedure that uses x-rays to create an image of many thin, successive slices of the abdomen is known as. 4. The presence of one or more gallstones in the gallbladder is known as. 5. is a yellowish discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes. 6. Swollen, protruding veins in the rectum or on the perianal skin are known as. 7. is a common disorder in babies that includes symptoms of crampy abdominal pain after eating. 8. Indigestion or epigastric pain that may be accompanied by gas or nausea is known as. 9. The first 10 inches of the small intestine is known as the. 10. is the rhythmic contraction of the gastrointestinal tract that propels food through it. True/False 1. Ova and parasites are eggs and parasitic worms. 2. The cecum is the first part of the large intestine. 3. The function of the intestinal villi is to increase the surface area needed for absorption of nutrients. 4. Polyphagia is excessive overeating. 5. A rectocele is a tube. 6. Hematochezia is blood found in the stomach. 7. An enlarged liver is known as hepatomegaly. 8. The term regurgitation means having a stone in the gallbladder. 9. Proton pump inhibitor drugs treat cancer. 10. The abbreviation PEG refers to a feeding tube placed into the stomach. Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Gastroenterology 55

14 Pronunciation Checklist Read each word and its pronunciation. Practice pronouncing each word. Verify your pronunciation by listening to the Pronunciation List on Check the box next to the word after you master its pronunciation. o abdominal (ab-daw-mih-nal) o abdominocentesis (ab-daw-mih-noh-sen-tee-sis) o abdominopelvic cavity (ab-daw-mih-noh-pel-vik KAV-ih-tee) o absorption (ab-sorp-shun) o adenocarcinoma (ad-eh-noh-kar-sih-noh-mah) o adhesion (ad-hee-zhun) o albumin (al-byoo-min) o alimentary canal (al-ih-men-tair-ee kah-nal) o alkaline phosphatase (AL-kah-lin FAWS-fah-tays) o amylase (AM-ih-lays) o anal (AA-nal) o anastomosis (ah-nas-toh-moh-sis) o anorexia (an-oh-rek-see-ah) o anorexic (an-oh-rek-sik) o antacid drug (ant-as-id DRUHG) o antibiotic drug (an-tee-by-aw-tik DRUHG) (an-tih-by-aw-tik) o antidiarrheal drug (an-tee-dy-ah-ree-al DRUHG) o antiemetic drug (an-tee-eh-met-ik DRUHG) o anus (AA-nus) o aphthous ulcer (AF-thus UL-ser) o appendectomy (ap-en-dek-toh-mee) o appendiceal (ap-en-dih-see-al) o appendicitis (ah-pen-dih-sy-tis) o appendix (ah-pen-diks) o ascites (ah-sy-teez) o ascitic (ah-sit-ik) o barium (BAIR-ee-um) o benign (bee-nine) o bile (BILE) o biliary (BIL-ee-air-ee) o bilirubin (bil-ih-roo-bin) o biliverdin (bil-ih-ver-din) o biopsy (BY-awp-see) o cancerous (KAN-ser-us) o carcinoma (kar-sih-noh-mah) o cardia (KAR-dee-ah) o cecal (SEE-kal) o cecum (SEE-kum) o celiac disease (SEE-lee-ak dih-zeez) o cheilitis (ky-ly-tis) o cholangiogram (koh-lan-jee-oh-gram) o cholangiography (koh-lan-jee-aw-grah-fee) o cholangiopancreatography (koh-lan-jee-oh-pan-kree-ah- TAW-grah-fee) o cholangitis (koh-lan-jy-tis) o cholecystectomy (koh-lee-sis-tek-toh-mee) o cholecystitis (koh-lee-sis-ty-tis) o cholecystogram (koh-lee-sis-toh-gram) o cholecystography (koh-lee-sis-taw-grah-fee) o cholecystokinin (koh-lee-sis-toh-ky-nin) o choledocholithiasis (koh-led-oh- koh-lith-eye-ah-sis) o choledocholithotomy (koh-ledoh-koh-lith-aw-toh-mee) o cholelithiasis (koh-lee-lith-eye-ah-sis) o chyme (KIME) o cirrhosis (sih-roh-sis) o colic (KAW-lik) o colitis (koh-ly-tis) o colon (KOH-lon) o colonic (koh-law-nik) o colonoscope (koh-law-noh-skohp) o colonoscopy (koh-lon-aw-skoh-pee) o colorectal (koh-loh-rek-tal) o colostomy (koh-law-stoh-mee) o constipation (con-stih-pay-shun) o Crohn s disease (KROHNZ dih-zeez) o culture and sensitivity (KUL-chur and sen-sih-tiv-ih-tee) o defecation (def-eh-kay-shun) o deglutition (dee-gloo-tih-shun) o delta hepatitis (DEL-tah hep-ah-ty-tis) o diarrhea (dy-ah-ree-ah) o digestion (dy-jes-chun) (dih-jes-chun) o digestive system (dy-jes-tiv SIS-tem) o diverticula (dy-ver-tih-kyoo-lah) o diverticulitis (dy-ver-tih-kyoo-ly-tis) o diverticulosis (dy-ver-tih-kyoo-loh-sis) o diverticulum (dy-ver-tih-kyoo-lum) o duct (DUKT) o duodenal (doo-oh-dee-nal) (doo-aw-deh-nal) o duodenum (doo-oh-dee-num) (doo-aw-deh-num) o dysentery (DIS-en-tair-ee) o dyspepsia (dis-pep-see-ah) o dysphagia (dis-fay-jee-ah) o elimination (ee-lim-ih-nay-shun) o emesis (EM-eh-sis) o emulsification (ee-mul-sih-fih-kay-shun) o endoscope (EN-doh-skohp) o endoscopic (en-doh-skaw-pik) o endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (en-doh-skaw-pik REH-troh-grayd koh-lan-jee-ohpan-kree-ah-taw-grah-fee) o endoscopy (en-daw-skoh-pee) o enema (EN-eh-mah) o enteritis (en-ter-eye-tis) o enteropathy (en-ter-aw-pah-thee) o enzyme (EN-zime) o esophageal (eh-saw-fah-jee-al) o esophagitis (eh-saw-fah-jy-tis) o esophagogastroduodenoscopy (eh-saw-fah-goh-gas-trohdoo-oh-den-aw-skoh-pee) o esophagoscopy (eh-saw-fah-gaw-skoh-pee) 56 Chapter 3 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.

15 o esophagus (eh-saw-fah-gus) o fecal (FEE-kal) o fecalith (FEE-kah-lith) o feces (FEE-seez) o flatulence (FLAT-yoo-lens) o flatus (FLAY-tus) o fundus (FUN-dus) o gallbladder (GAWL-blad-er) o gastrectomy (gas-trek-toh-mee) o gastric (GAS-trik) o gastrin (GAS-trin) o gastritis (gas-try-tis) o gastroenteritis (gas-troh-en-ter-eye-tis) o gastroenterologist (gas-troh-en-ter-aw-loh-jist) o gastroenterology (gas-troh-en-ter-aw-loh-jee) o gastroesophageal (gas-troh-eh-saw-fah-jee-al) o gastrointestinal system (gas-troh-in-tes-tih-nal SIS-tem) o gastroplasty (GAS-troh-plas-tee) o gastroscopy (gas-traw-skoh-pee) o gastrostomy (gas-traw-stoh-mee) o glossitis (glaw-sy-tis) o gluten (GLOO-ten) o gluten enteropathy (GLOO-ten en-ter-aw-pah-thee) o guaiac (GWY-ak) o gustatory cortex (GUS-tah-tor-ee KOR-teks) o haustra (HAW-strah) o hematemesis (hee-mah-tem-eh-sis) o hematochezia (hee-mah-toh-kee-zha) o hemorrhoid (hem-oh-royd) o hemorrhoidectomy (hem-oh-royd-ek-toh-mee) o hepatic (heh-pat-ik) o hepatitis (hep-ah-ty-tis) o hepatocellular (hep-ah-toh-sel-yoo-lar) o hepatocyte (HEP-ah-toh-site) o hepatoma (hep-ah-toh-mah) o hepatomegaly (hep-ah-toh-meg-ah-lee) o hepatosplenomegaly (hep-ah-toh-splen-oh-meg-ah-lee) o hernia (her-nee-ah) o herniorrhaphy (her-nee-or-ah-fee) o hiatal hernia (hy-aa-tal HER-nee-ah) o hydrochloric acid (hy-droh-klor-ik AS-id) o hyperemesis gravidarum (hy-per-em-eh-sis grav-ih-dair-um) o ileal (IL-ee-al) o ileostomy (il-ee-aw-stoh-mee) o ileum (IL-ee-um) o ileus (IL-ee-us) o imperforate anus (im-per-for-ate AA-nus) o incarcerated hernia (in-kar-ser-aa-ted HER-nee-ah) o incisional hernia (in-sih-zhun-al HER-nee-ah) o incontinence (in-con-tih-nens) o infectious hepatitis (in-fek-shus hep-ah-ty-tis) o inguinal hernia (ING-gwih-nal HER-nee-ah) o intestinal (in-tes-tih-nal) o intestine (in-tes-tin) o intravenous (in-trah-vee-nus) o intussusception (in-tuh-suh-sep-shun) o jaundice (JAWN-dis) o jejunal (jeh-joo-nal) o jejunostomy (jeh-joo-naw-stoh-mee) o jejunum (jeh-joo-num) o lactase (LAK-tays) o laparoscope (LAP-ar-oh-skohp) o laparoscopic (lap-ar-oh-skaw-pik) o laparotomy (lap-ar-aw-toh-mee) o laxative drug (LAK-sah-tiv DRUHG) o lipase (LIH-pays) o liver (LIV-er) o liver transplantation (LIV-er trans-plan-tay-shun) o lumen (LOO-men) o magnetic resonance imaging (mag-net-ik REH-soh-nans IH-mah-jing) o malrotation (mal-roh-tay-shun) o mastication (mas-tih-kay-shun) o meconium (meh-koh-nee-um) o melena (meh-lee-nah) o mesenteric (mez-en-tair-ik) o mesentery (MEZ-en-tair-ee) o mucosa (myoo-koh-sah) o nasogastric tube (nay-zoh-gas-trik TOOB) o nausea (NAW-see-ah) (NAW-zha) o obstipation (awb-stih-pay-shun) o obstructive jaundice (awb-struk-tiv JAWN-dis) o occult blood (oh-kult BLUD) o omentum (oh-men-tum) o omphalocele (OM-fal-oh-seel) o oncologist (ong-kaw-loh-jist) o oral cavity (OR-al KAV-ih-tee) o ova and parasites (OH-vah and PAIR-ah-sites) o palate (PAL-at) o pancreas (PAN-kree-as) o pancreatic (pan-kree-at-ik) o pancreatitis (pan-kree-ah-ty-tis) o parotid gland (pah-raw-tid GLAND) o patent (PAY-tent) o pedunculated polyp (peh-dung-kyoo-lay-ted PAW-lip) o pepsin (PEP-sin) o pepsinogen (pep-sin-oh-jen) o peptic ulcer (PEP-ik UL-ser) o percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (per-kyoo-tay-nee-us en-doh-skaw-pik gas-traw-stoh-mee) o percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (per-kyoo-tay-nee-us trans-heh-pat-ik koh-lan-jee-aw-grah-fee) o peristalsis (pair-ih-stal-sis) o peritoneal (pair-ih-toh-nee-al) o peritoneum (pair-ih-toh-nee-um) o peritonitis (pair-ih-toh-ny-tis) o pharyngeal (fah-rin-jee-al) o pharynx (FAIR-ingks) o polyp (PAW-lip) o polypectomy (paw-lih-pek-toh-mee) o polyphagia (paw-lee-fay-jee-ah) o polyposis (paw-lih-poh-sis) Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Gastroenterology 57

16 o postoperative (post-aw-per-ah-tiv) o proctitis (prawk-ty-tis) o pyloric (py-lor-ik) o pyloric sphincter (py-lor-ik SFINGK-ter) o pylorus (py-lor-us) o pyrosis (py-roh-sis) o rectal (REK-tal) o rectum (REK-tum) o rectocele (REK-toh-seel) o reflux (REE-fluks) o regurgitation (ree-ger-jih-tay-shun) o resection (ree-sek-shun) o rugae (ROO-gee) o saliva (sah-ly-vah) o salivary gland (SAL-ih-vair-ee GLAND) o serum hepatitis (SEER-um hep-ah-ty-tis) o sessile polyp (SES-il PAW-lip) o sialolith (sy-al-oh-lith) o sialolithiasis (sy-al-oh-lith-eye-ah-sis) o sigmoid colon (SIG-moyd KOH-lon) o sigmoidoscopy (sig-moyd-aw-skoh-pee) o sonogram (SAW-noh-gram) o spastic colon (SPAS-tik KOH-lon) o sphincter (SFINGK-ter) o steatorrhea (stee-at-oh-ree-ah) o stoma (STOH-mah) o stomatitis (stoh-mah-ty-tis) o stool (STOOL) o sublingual gland (sub-ling-gwal GLAND) o submandibular gland (sub-man-dih-byoo-lar GLAND) o suppository (soo-paw-zih-tor-ee) o surgeon (SER-jun) o tomography (toh-maw-grah-fee) o transplantation (trans-plan-tay-shun) o ulcer (UL-ser) o ulcerative (UL-ser-ah-tiv) o ultrasound (UL-trah-sound) o umbilical hernia (um-bil-ih-kal HER-nee-ah) o uvula (YOO-vyoo-lah) o varices (VAIR-ih-seez) o varix (VAR-iks) o ventral hernia (VEN-tral HER-nee-ah) o villi (VIL-eye) o viral hepatitis (VY-ral hep-ah-ty-tis) o volvulus (VAWL-vyoo-lus) o vomitus (VAW-mih-tus) 58 Chapter 3 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.

17 Answer Key Word Search V B F M U C E C I A N O D I G E S T I O N N E R U L L T M R E C T U M A C E O L T U A H E S U L T O K S I N E O S S L Y L U A A A R R L T O A M I G G L N A O F I M E O V C B I L E L A N A G T E O A V O M I T E U A C R M P A M U C O S A H E U E E T L B J T T B P D G N P S D U A R O M O N A T S Q I T V W M U S E E U I U O S E U A E E P J M N R R L Q P Y L O P S A Y R A T N E M I L A Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Gastroenterology 59

18 Crossword Puzzle 1 P Y R O S I S 2 D H S H E P A T O M A T G G O L O M 5 C U A H T C Y I 6 A H E M A T E M E S I S E I Y O L 8 A N T A C I D S S 9 H E R N I A Chapter 3 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.

19 Underline the Accented Syllable 1. adenocarcinoma (ad-eh-noh-kar-sih-noh-mah) 2. anastomosis (ah-nas-toh-moh-sis) 3. bilirubin (bil-ih-roo-bin) 4. cecal (SEE-kal) 5. cholecystectomy (koh-lee-sis-tek-toh-mee) 6. colonic (koh-law-nik) 7. diarrhea (dy-ah-ree-ah) 8. diverticulosis (dy-ver-tih-kyoo-loh-sis) 9. dysphagia (dis-fay-jee-ah) 10. esophagogastroduodenoscopy (eh-saw-fah-goh-gas-troh-doo-oh-den-aw-skoh-pee) 11. gastroenteritis (gas-troh-en-ter-eye-tis) 12. guaiac (GWY-ak) 13. nausea (NAW-see-ah) 14. omphalocele (OM-fal-oh-seel) 15. steatorrhea (stee-at-oh-ree-ah) Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Gastroenterology 61

20 Word Surgery 1. adenocarcinoma Suffix and its meaning: -oma tumor; mass Prefix and its meaning: none Combining form and its meaning: aden/o- gland Combining form and its meaning: carcin/o- cancer Medical word definition: Tumor in a gland that is a cancer 2. anorexia Suffix and its meaning: -ia condition; state; thing Prefix and its meaning: an- without; not Combining form and its meaning: orex/o- appetite Medical word definition: Condition (of being) without an appetite 3. antiemetic Suffix and its meaning: -ic pertaining to Prefix and its meaning: anti- against Combining form and its meaning: emet/o- vomiting Medical word definition: Pertaining to (being) against vomiting 4. peritonitis Suffix and its meaning: -itis inflammation of; infection of Prefix and its meaning: none Combining form and its meaning: peritone/o- peritoneum Medical word definition: Inflammation or infection of the peritoneum 5. cholangiography Suffix and its meaning: -graphy process of recording Prefix and its meaning: none Combining form and its meaning: cholangi/o- bile duct Medical word definition: Process of recording a bile duct 62 Chapter 3 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.

21 6. cholelithiasis Suffix and its meaning: -iasis state of; process of Prefix and its meaning: none Combining form and its meaning: chol/e- bile; gall Combining form and its meaning: lith/o- stone Medical word definition: State of (having) gallstones 7. gastroesophageal Suffix and its meaning: -al pertaining to Prefix and its meaning: none Combining form and its meaning: gastr/o- stomach Combining form and its meaning: esophag/o- esophagus Medical word definition: Pertaining to the stomach and esophagus 8. hematochezia Suffix and its meaning: -ia condition; state; thing Prefix and its meaning: none Combining form and its meaning: hemat/o- blood Combining form and its meaning: chez/o- to pass feces Medical word definition: Condition of blood when passing feces 9. hemorrhoidectomy Suffix and its meaning: -ectomy surgical removal Prefix and its meaning: none Combining form and its meaning: hemorrhoid/o- hemorrhoid Medical word definition: Surgical removal of hemorrhoids 10. hepatosplenomegaly Suffix and its meaning: -megaly enlargement Prefix and its meaning: none Combining form and its meaning: hepat/o- liver Combining form and its meaning: splen/o- spleen Medical word definition: Enlargement of the liver and spleen Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Gastroenterology 63

22 11. endoscopic Suffix and its meaning: -ic pertaining to Prefix and its meaning: endo- innermost; within Combining form and its meaning: scop/o- examine with an instrument Medical word definition: Pertaining to (a structure) within (being) examined with an instrument 12. herniorrhaphy Suffix and its meaning: -rrhaphy procedure of suturing Prefix and its meaning: none Combining form and its meaning: herni/o- hernia Medical word definition: Procedure of suturing a hernia 13. sialolithiasis Suffix and its meaning: -iasis state of; process of Prefix and its meaning: none Combining form and its meaning: sial/o- saliva; salivary gland Combining form and its meaning: lith/o- stone Medical word definition: State of salivary gland stones 14. postoperative Suffix and its meaning: -ive pertaining to Prefix and its meaning: post- after; behind Combining form and its meaning: operat/o- perform a procedure; surgery Medical word definition: Pertaining to after surgery 15. hematemesis Suffix and its meaning: sis condition; abnormal condition; process Prefix and its meaning: none Combining form and its meaning: hemat/o- blood Combining form and its meaning: eme/o- vomiting Medical word definition: Abnormal condition of blood vomiting 64 Chapter 3 Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.

23 Chapter Quiz Multiple Choice 1. C 4. B 7. A 10. D 2. B 5. A 8. C 3. D 6. B 9. A Fill in the Blank 1. nasogastric 2. gastrostomy 3. computerized axial tomography (or tomography or CAT scan or CT scan) 4. cholelithiasis 5. Jaundice 6. hemorrhoids 7. Colic 8. dyspepsia 9. duodenum 10. Peristalsis True/False 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. False (hernia of the rectal wall) 6. False (blood in the stool) 7. True 8. False (moving backward) 9. False (peptic ulcers or GERD) 10. True Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Gastroenterology 65

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