UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY CRAIOVA DOCTORAL SCHOOL DOCTORATE THESIS BRIEF
|
|
- Antonia Holmes
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY CRAIOVA DOCTORAL SCHOOL DOCTORATE THESIS BRIEF Histopathology aspects and protein expression profiles of invasive breast tumors and lesions associated to them SCIENTIFIC COORDINATOR Professor Ştefania Crăiţoiu MD, PhD PhD STUDENT Irina-Anca Eremia CRAIOVA -2013
2 CONTENT INTRODUCTION...pag. 3 KNOWLEDGE STAGE CHAPTER I - EMBRIOLOGY, ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF MAMMARY GLAND...pag. 3 CHAPTER II EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS IN INVASIVE BREAST TUMORS...pag. 4 CHAPTER III A HISTOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST TUMORS...pag. 5 CHAPTER IV PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF BREAST CANCER...pag. 6 PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION... CHAPTER V MATERIAL AND METHOD...pag. 7 CHAPTER VI HISTOPATHOLOGICAL RESULTS...pag. 8 CHAPTER VII IMMNUOHISTOCHEMICAL RESULTS... pag. 12 VIII - GENERAL CONCLUSIONS...pag. 15 SELECTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY...pag. 15 KEY WORDS: Invasive breast tumors, lesions associated with breast tumors, histopathological types, immunohistochemical markers. 2
3 INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors diagnosed in more than a quarter of the cases of malignant tumors found in women, constantly increasing mortality and morbidity. The conventional histopathological diagnosis reveals many microscopic subtypes of malignant tumors and lesions associated with these tumors. These lesions are nonproliferative, typical and atypical lesions and in situ. Following the evolution of these lesions (clinical, imaging, cytological, histopathological) is important in early detection of breast cancer. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous multifactorial disease, which is reflected in the existence of a wide spectrum of phenotypic subsets of tumors with varied degree of aggressiveness. Genomics and proteomics research confirmed this heterogeneity also on molecular level. Based on the gene expression and the immunohistochemical profile of some cell proliferation markers or with role in mammary carcinogenesis, has been made a classification of breast cancer in molecular subtypes, introduced since 2001 and accepted in KNOWLEDGE STAGE CHAPTER I EMBRIOLOGY, ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF MAMMARY GLAND Form, function and pathology of the mammary gland are major issues both medical and social, as we define as mammals, by breastfeeding function. Breast cancer continues to be a topical issue because the disease frequency is maintained at a high level (for women ranks first in the incidence of the disease) and in later stages the disease evolution is usually serious. Responsible for the genesis of mammary gland are the ectoderm and the mesenchyme. From the ectoderm will be formed ducts and alveoli, and from the mesoderm will be formed the connective tissue and vascular structures. Mammary glands develop from the ectoderm foils on the ventral surface of the embryo. On the ventral portion of the body, during the fourth week of gestation, two 3
4 ectodermal lanes (milk line) develop. At the mid-gestation (20-32 weeks gestation), under the influence of placental hormones in mammary buds canalicular system is developed, initially in the shape of full cords. In the last two months of gestation, the epithelial cords sanitation is met and also, the development of lobulo-alveolar channels of glandular structures. The mammary gland is composed of three major structures: skin, fat subcutaneous tissue and mammary tissue (parenchyma and stroma). Mammary gland is influenced by hormone and depending on the hormonal status has a certain histologic appearance. The idle mammary gland (at rest) is represented by acini covered by cylinder-cubical epithelium with round nucleus and by a basal layer composed of myoepithelial cells. Lactating mammary gland has a considerable multiplication of glandular acini and a considerable reduction of the stroma. Histologically, the mammary gland is a tubulo-acini gland composed of 15/20 individual glands, each with a galactofor channel that opens on the nipple area. Each gland consists of lobules, and the lobules from gandular structures are arranged in groups between which is connective tissue forming stroma. At the level of mammary ducts, the epithelium is initially cylindrical pseudostratified and then double-stratified, with a layer of flattened cells, myoepithelial cells, and a layer of cube-shaped cells. The connective tissue surrounding the lobules contains lymphocytes and plasma cells. Immunohistochemical, at the mammary acini level there is found the following panel of antibodies: the basal membrane is positive on collagen IV, luminal epithelial cells express cytokeratins CK8-18, CK14, CK7, EMA apical in active secretory regions and hormonal markers ER, PR, the myoepithelial cells express smooth muscle alpha-actin, CK5-6.CK17, S100, intranuclear p63. CHAPTER II EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS Breast cancer remains the most common cancer in women, it is estimated that in the United States were diagnosed 192,370 cases of breast cancer, in 2009, accounting for 27% of all cancers in women. There are several deaths from cancer each year attributable to breast cancer, the second leading cause of death after lung cancer. The incidence of breast cancer increases rapidly with age. 4
5 Factors with a higher level of risk are: history of breast cancer, genetic predisposition (BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are autosomal dominant genes and are involved in most cases of family cancer), breast cancer precursor lesions. Factors with moderate levels of risk are increased alcohol consumption, and low risk factors are nulliparity, postmenopausal obesity and replacement hormone therapy. CHAPTER III A HISTOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION OF BREAST TUMORS Breast cancer, one of the most common injuries encountered in women, may be accompanied by benign lesions. It is important to correctly diagnose benign lesions, in situ and invasive. Most women with breast symptoms will have a benign etiology, only 1 in 10 women has breast cancer. After establishing a firm diagnosis is necessary both benign reassurance and an appropriate plan of managing the disease. The classification of breast tumors is made by various schemes derived from the histopathological appearance, tumor grade, tumor stage and the protein and genic expression. The histopathological classification is performed by the descriptive criteria, and currently the most widely used classification is the one proposed by OMS (Tavassoli F. 2003). This classification has both diagnostic and prognostic role, various entities described in association with variable evolution. Histological grading is an important indicator of prognosis in breast neoplasia. The majority of grading tumor system uses three major components: the nuclear grade, the formation of tubules and mitotic index, which is usually marked on a scale of 1-3. The accurate quantification criteria are specific of each system. Staging of mammary tumors (T=tumor, N=regional lymph nodes, M=distant metastases) is important for the patients classification in groups with therapeutic and prognostic significance. This staging is necessary to determine the type of tumor and tumorhost relationship. Histopathological classification (ptnm) has prognostic and treatment recommendation value. Immunohistochemical classification is based on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone (PR) and Her2/neu protein, these three markers representing the gold standard in practice. Initially, the classification was done by dividing mammary tumors by identifying the estrogen receptors: positive and negative. In 2000, Perou et al. suggested that 5
6 there are at least four molecular classes of breast cancer: luminal-like, basal-like, Her2 positive and unclassifiable. CHAPTER IV PROGNOSTIC AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF BREAST CANCER table: The prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer are summarized in the following The prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer Prognostic factors Axillary node status Tumour size Age Vascular and lymphatic invasion Histological grade Histological subtype Response to adjuvant therapy Hormone receptor status Her2 new expression Predictive factors Hormone receptor status Her2 new expression Additional potential prognostic / predictive factors Profile of genic expression upai / PAI expression Micro marrow metastases Analysis of p53 The cathepsin D level Microvascular density Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy in women and is the second cause of death after lung cancer in the United States (Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E et al., 2007). In the last two decades, the mortality rate has decreased significantly, primarily due to 6
7 the early use of adjuvant systemic therapy, and because early detection of tumors using screening methods. PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION CHAPTER V MATERIAL AND METHOD Used antibodies Antigen Clone Specificity Manufacturer Dilution ER 1D5 Nuclear receptor for estrogen Neomarkers 1:100 PgR 1A6 Nuclear receptors for progesterone Neomarkers 1:25 Her2-neu poli Membrane protein of gene Her2/neu DAKO 1:250 CK5/6 D5/16B4 Cytokeratin 5 and 6 DAKO 1:100 CK7 Cytokeratin 7 DAKO 1:100 CK14 LL002 Cytokeratin 14 Novocastra 1:20 CK HMW 34βE12 Cytokeratin 1,5,10 and 14 DAKO 1:50 EGFR 2911 Membrane receptors for epidermal SIGMA 1:1000 growth factor SMA 1A4 Smooth muscle Alpha actin SIGMA 1:1500 CD10 56C6 Myoepithelial precursors Novocastra 1:10 P63 4A4 Myoepithelial precursors Santa Cruz 1:500 VIM V9 Myoepithelial precursors DAKO 1:100 Ki-67 MIB1 Nuclear factor of cell proliferation DAKO 1:50 PCNA PC10 Nuclear factor of cell proliferation DAKO 1:200 P53 DO7 Protein of gene p53 Neomarkers 1:50 Bcl Cytoplasmic protein of gene DAKO 1:40 bcl-2 AKT poli Akt 1,2,3 isoforms DAKO 1:1000 CEA DAKO CD4 OPD4 Helper T lymphocytes DAKO 1:100 CD8 144B Suppressor T lymphocytes DAKO 1:25 CD20 L26 B lymphocytes DAKO 1:400 CD45RO UCHL1 T lymphocytes DAKO 1:100 CD34 QBEnd 10 Endothelial cells DAKO 1:25 UBI poli Ubicuitina Abcam 1:100 7
8 Our study was multricenric and performed on the casuistry of the Emergency County Hospital Craiova spread over a period of four years ( ). The final studied cases consisted of 216 tumors, which were selected of 394 mammary tumors histopathologically examined. For grading the studied breast tumors we have used Nottingham grading system. The obtained data were recorded in the examination protocol of mammary tumors used in the Morphopathology Laboratory. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed on 4 micron sections obtained from the blocks included in paraffin, which were spread on glass slides pre-treated with polylysine or electrically charged, and used a high panel of antibodies. CHAPTER VI HISTOPATHOLOGICAL RESULTS We have analyzed 394 cases of mammary tumors by examining the electronic records of the results, the type and histological grade, the stage, the lesions associated to invasive breast tumors and immunohistochemical expression. Of these, there were selected the cases that meet the selection criteria. Afetr this review, 216 patients remained in the study and the following parameters were evaluated: age, macroscopic examination, tumor size and histological appearance, association with in situ component and other associated lesions, the tumor differentiation degree, presence of lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis and ptnm determination. 8
9 The correlation between age and histological appearance Tumor Total Invasive ductal Invasive lobular Papillary Mucinous 1 1 Squamous cell Medullary Cribriform Apocrine tubular Unspecified infiltrating Paget's disease 2 2 Mixed Total The study group included patients ranging between 25 and 86 years old (average years old) and the age group with the highest number of lesions was the years old group
10 Fig. 1 Invasive ductal with osteoclastic differentiation. Col HE 100X Fig. 2 Invasive lobular. Col HE 100X Fig. 3 Papillary. Col HE 100X Fig. 4 Mixed breast, ductal and lobular. Col HE 40X Fig. 5 Carcinoma in situ, comedocarcinom type. Col HE 200X Fig.6 Association of papillary hyperplasia, solid and cribriform ductal hyperplasia, cystic modification with cylindrical cells. Col HE x100 Of the 216 studied cases, the most common microscopic form was the invasive ductal (111 cases). The most common benign lesions associated with invasive mammary s were in situ, cystic mastoza, typical and atypical hyperplasia, sclerosing adenoza and papillary lesions. 10
11 Lesions associated with invasive mammary s Invasive s Associated lesions CDIS CLIS Atypical hyperplasia Typical hyperplasia Adenoza Papillary lesions Mastoza Apocrine metaplasia Ductal Lobular Papillary Squamous 1 2 Mucin 1 2 Tubular 1 Pithy 1 Cribriform Apocrine Infiltrative Mixed Paget Total Other studied morphological aspects were appearance of the tumor stroma, the presence and the quantity assessing of the inflammatory infiltrate, the presence and amount of necrosis, the appearance of tumor margins and the presence of lymphovascular neural invasion and the presence of microcalcifications. Desmoplazic stromal response is characterized by the activity of fibroblasts, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis and presence of the inflammatory infiltrate. Tumor stroma with a dense fibrocollagen structure, unequal represented in most cases (179), it was sometimes reduced (28 cases) and rich in rare cases (9 cases). Intra-and peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate was generally composed of mature lymphocytes and rarely of plasma cells. Inflammatory infiltrate was more abundant in the neighborhood of necrosis areas. Inflammatory infiltrate was subjectively assessed and marked as follows: absent in 32 cases, reduced in 45 cases, moderate in 102 cases and intense in 27 cases. 11
12 The presence of necrosis was recorded in 126 cases and had focal aspect. The quantification of the necrosis ranged from focal, where there were involved a small number of tumor cells, and marked in large areas of necrosis where there were dispersed tumor islands. Tumor staging was done using the TNM classification system (2002), based on tumor size, number of lymph node metastases and distant metastases. Depending on the tumor size, we obtained the following results: Tis 1 case, T1b 4 cases, T1c 44 cases of injury with maximum diameter 2 cm (T1), 120 lesions with diameter of > 2 cm and 5 cm (T2), lesions with diameter of 31> 5 cm (T3) and 17 any size lesions, but with the direct extension to the chest wall, tegument (T4). The presence of lymph node metastases and their quantification was necessary to establish ptnm classification. Regarding the evaluation of regional lymph nodes, the following data were recorded: N0-98 cases, N1-49 cases, N2-28 cases, N3-14 cases and Nx (lymph nodes absent or insufficient) -23 cases. Distant metastasis (M1) were found in 6 cases, presenting the following location: bone metastases-1 case, 1 case of bowel metastasis, liver metastasis-1 case, 1 case of pulmonary metastasis, gingival metastasis-1 case and 1 case of ovarian metastases. There were studied: the invasion of adipose tissue, invasion of striated muscle tissue, skin invasion, vascular invasion, and perineural invasion. Invasion of adipose tissue was present in 211 cases presented two aspects. Most commonly, in 158 cases, at the optical microscopy examination was observed the presence of isolated tumor cells arranged in islands in adipose tissue beyond the tumor-stroma interface. The invasion of the tegument was observed in 9 cases and was accompanied by ulceration. CHAPTER VII IMMNUOHISTOCHEMICAL RESULTS Immunohistochemical study objectives were: the study of hormone receptors (ER, PG, Her2), markers to identify tumor phenotype (CK, E-cadherin, actin, p63), markers of cell proliferation (Ki67, p53, PCNA), tumor angiogenesis markers (EGFR ) and markers of cell apoptosis (BCL2, Akt and ubiquitin). In this study, hormone receptors were analyzed and grouped into four immunophenotypes according to their expression (positive or negative). 12
13 Hormone receptors ER and PR is an important predictive factor in breast cancer therapy. We considered positive score nuclear immunostaining in more than 10% of tumor cells. Study immunophenotypes hormone receptors Hormonal markers No. of cases % ER+/PR+,Her2+; 68 31,48% ER+/PR+,Her2-; 91 42,12% ER-/PR-,Her ,48% ER-/PR-,Her ,90% Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 1 - Invasive papillary positive PR. Col IHC X100 Fig. 2 - Invasive papillary ER positive. Col IHC X100 Fig. 3 - HER2 positivity 3+. Col IHC X200 Fig. 4 - Intraductal papilloma alpha-actin positive. Col IHC X100 13
14 For diagnostic, there were used markers such as: cytokeratins, p63, alpha actin to identify myoepithelial cells. In our study we used basal cytokeratin (CK5 / 6, CK7 and CK14 34βE12). CK5 / 6 are cytokeratin with high molecular weight marking external myoepithelial cells and are used mainly in papillary s. 34βE12 has low specificity, showing immunoreactivity both in myoepithelial cells and in the luminal epithelial cells. Alpha-actin of the smooth muscle (SMA) marked the cytoplasm of tumor cells, normal myoepithelial cells and vascular wall. P63 has constantly marked the myoepithelial cell nuclei from the normal structures level and around in situ component, and there were also observed dispersed positive epithelial malignant cells. We used E-cadherin in 54 cases to distinguish an invasive ductal by lobular. CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) was studied in our casuistic in 20 cases, given its role in evaluating proliferative lesions to. Impairment of the normal regulation of the cell cycle resulting in an increase in the mitotic activity that can be identified by immunohistochemistry, using anti-proliferation factors as antibodies. We used antibodies to Ki67, PCNA and p53. Ki 67 and PCNA were positive in the nuclear level in all cases. The marking intensity was variable and we have noticed the low levels of intratumoral heterogeneity. Immunohistochemical detection of p53 protein gene is an important prognostic marker, correlated with increased histological grade, increased mitotic activity and aggressive behavior of the tumor. The most common molecular pathways involved in mammary carcinogenesis, as described in the literature, mainly cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, maintenance of a malignant phenotype, and resistance to drug therapy. Angiogenesis study is important because of its clinical significance in the early stages of tumor growth and angiogenesis markers are used as predictive factors of of tumor progression and metastasis. There also have been used EGFR and CD34 to highlight the tumor emboli. Apoptosis study was conducted on a sample of 30 cases and there have been used the following markers: Bcl2 protooncogene, Akt and ubiquitin. 14
15 GENERAL CONCLUSION Clinico-statistical study was conducted on a number of 338 cases of malignant breast tumors diagnosed within 4 years between 2008 and Of these, we selected cases of invasive breast accompanied by associated lesions (63.9%). Lesions associated to invasive breast s were: cystic mastoza in 45.8% of cases, the typical hyperplasia in 33% of cases, the atypical hyperplasia in 10% of cases, sclerosing adenosis in 19.9% of cases, papillary lesions in 12% of cases, apocrine metaplasia in 4.6% of cases. Immunohistochemical study contains several aspects, such as: the study of hormone receptors (ER, PR, Her2), study of used markers to diagnose the tumor subtypes (cytokeratins, E-cadherin, alpha-actin, p63, CEA), cell proliferation markers (Ki67, p53, PCNA), tumor angiogenesis markers (EGFR CD34), markers of cell apoptosis (bcl2 Akt and ubiquitin). In our study we found that only a small proportion of associated lesions can be considered precursor lesions, in which we observed lineage of the atypical lesion, in situ and invasive, most of the lesions being considered lesions accompanying an invasive. SELECTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Abd El-Rehim DM, Pinder SE, Paish CE, et al. - Expression of luminal and basalcytokeratins in human breast. J Pathol (2004) 203: Arpino Grazia, Heidi Weiss, Adrian V LEE et al. - Estrogen receptor positive, progesterone receptor negative breast cancer: Association with Growth Factor Receptor Expression andtamoxifen Resistance. Journ of Nat Cancer Inst (2005) Vol 97. No 17. sept 3. Bharagva R., J. Striebel, A. Onisko, K. McManus, D. J. Dabbs - Ki-67 labeling index în breast : An immunohistochemical study with correlation to molecular subtypes. J Clin Oncol 26: 2008 (May 20 suppl; abstr 22107) 4. Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL - Cellular injury and adaptation. In Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. Edited by Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL. Philadelphia, London, Toronto, Montreal, Sydney, Tokyo: W.B. Saunders Company (1989) Di Tommaso L, Franchi G, Destro A, Broglia F, Minuti F, Rahal D, Roncalli M. - Toker cells of the breast. Morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of 40 cases. Hum Pathol. (2008) Sep;39(9): doi: /j.humpath Epub 2008 Jul 9 15
16 6. Greenlee Robert T., PhD; and Bickol N. Mukesh, PhD - Breast Cancer Subtypes Based on ER/PR and Her2 Expression: Comparison of Clinicopathologic Features and Survival Clinical Medicine & Research (2009) Volume 7, Number 1/2: Howard E M, Lau AK, et al. - Expression of E-cadherin in high risk breast cancer. J cancer res Clin Oncol (2005) 131: Jensen RA, Page DL, Dupont WD, Rogers LW. - Invasive breast cancer risk in women with sclerosing adenosis. Cancer. (1989) Nov 15;64(10): Joyce J. A. and Pollard J. W. - Microenvironmental regulation of metastasis, Nature Reviews Cancer, (2009) vol. 9, no. 4, pp Kollias J, Ellis IO, Elston CW, Blamey RW - Clinical and histological predictors of contralateral breast cancer. Eur JSurg Oncol (1999) 25: Pervez Shahid, Khan H - Infiltrating ductal breast with central necrosis closely mimicking ductal in situ (comedo type): a case series Journal of Medical Case Reports (2007), 1:83 doi: / Ribeiro-Silva A, Zamzelli Ramalho LN, Garcia SB, et al. - Is p63 reliable indetecting microinvasion in ductal in situ of the breast? Pathol Oncol Res 2003;9: Schnitt SJ, Connolly JL, Tavassoli FA, etal. - Interobserver reproducibility in the diagnosis of ductal proliferative breast lesions using standardized criteria. Am J Surg Pathol (1992) 16: Shaaban AM, Sloane JP, West CR, Moore FR, Jarvis C, Williams EM, Foster CS - Histopathologic types of benign breast lesions and the risk of breast cancer: case-control study. Am J Surg Pathol (2002) 26: Stål O, Pérez-Tenorio G, Akerberg L, Olsson B, Nordenskjöld B, Skoog L,Rutqvist LE. - Akt kinases in breast cancer and the results of adjuvanttherapy. Breast Cancer Res 2003, 5:R Tsubura A, Okada H, Senzaki H, et al. - Keratin expression in the normal breast and in breast. Histopathology (1991) 18:
Breast pathology. 2nd Department of Pathology Semmelweis University
Breast pathology 2nd Department of Pathology Semmelweis University Breast pathology - Summary - Benign lesions - Acute mastitis - Plasma cell mastitis / duct ectasia - Fat necrosis - Fibrocystic change/
More informationRecent advances in breast cancers
Recent advances in breast cancers Breast cancer is a hetrogenous disease due to distinct genetic alterations. Similar morphological subtypes show variation in clinical behaviour especially in response
More informationDOCTORAL THESIS SUMMARY
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY CRAIOVA FACULTY OF MEDICINE DOCTORAL THESIS SUMMARY CLINICO-IMAGING STUDY OF INVASIVE DUCTAL BREAST CARCINOMAS CORRELATED TO HORMONAL RECEPTORS AND HER2/NEU ONCOPROTEIN
More informationBasement membrane in lobule.
Bahram Memar, MD Basement membrane in lobule. Normal lobule-luteal phase Normal lobule-follicular phase Lactating breast Greater than 95% are adenocarcinomas in situ carcinomas and invasive carcinomas.
More informationBreast Pathology. Breast Development
Breast Pathology Lecturer: Hanina Hibshoosh, M.D. Reading: Kumar, Cotran, Robbins, Basic Pathology, 6th Edition, pages 623-635 Breast Development 5th week - thickening of the epidermis - milk line 5th
More informationMaram Abdaljaleel, MD Dermatopathologist and Neuropathologist University of Jordan, School of Medicine
Maram Abdaljaleel, MD Dermatopathologist and Neuropathologist University of Jordan, School of Medicine The most common non-skin malignancy of women 2 nd most common cause of cancer deaths in women, following
More informationHistological Type. Morphological and Molecular Typing of breast Cancer. Nottingham Tenovus Primary Breast Cancer Study. Survival (%) Ian Ellis
Morphological and Molecular Typing of breast Cancer Ian Ellis Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Histological Type
More informationTriple Negative Breast Cancer
Triple Negative Breast Cancer Prof. Dr. Pornchai O-charoenrat Division of Head-Neck & Breast Surgery Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Breast Cancer Classification Traditional
More informationLYMPHATIC DRAINAGE AXILLARY (MOSTLY) INTERNAL MAMMARY SUPRACLAVICULAR
BREAST LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE AXILLARY (MOSTLY) INTERNAL MAMMARY SUPRACLAVICULAR HISTOLOGY LOBE: (10 in whole breast) LOBULE: (many per lobe) ACINUS/I, aka ALVEOLUS/I: (many per lobule) DUCT(S): INTRA- or
More informationDiseases of the breast (1 of 2)
Diseases of the breast (1 of 2) Introduction A histology introduction Normal ducts and lobules of the breast are lined by two layers of cells a layer of luminal cells overlying a second layer of myoepithelial
More informationBREAST PATHOLOGY. Fibrocystic Changes
BREAST PATHOLOGY Lesions of the breast are very common, and they present as palpable, sometimes painful, nodules or masses. Most of these lesions are benign. Breast cancer is the 2 nd most common cause
More informationMolecular classification of breast cancer implications for pathologists. Sarah E Pinder
Molecular classification of breast cancer implications for pathologists Sarah E Pinder Courtesy of CW Elston Histological types Breast Cancer Special Types 17 morphological special types 25-30% of all
More informationImmunohistochemical Expression Of Cytokeratin 8 And 18 In Breast Carcinoma.
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Pathology Volume 13 Number 3 Immunohistochemical Expression Of Cytokeratin 8 And 18 In Breast Carcinoma. B Rattan, A Baghla, M Manjari, P Kakkar, S Kahlon, S Paul Citation
More informationContents 1 The Windows of Susceptibility to Breast Cancer 2 The So Called Pre-Neoplastic Lesions and Carcinoma In Situ
Contents 1 The Windows of Susceptibility to Breast Cancer... 1 1.1 Introduction... 1 1.2 Risk Factor and Etiological Agents... 2 1.3 The Concept of the Windows of Susceptibility to Carcinogenesis... 5
More informationPapillary Lesions of the Breast A Practical Approach to Diagnosis. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016;140: ; doi: /arpa.
Papillary Lesions of the Breast A Practical Approach to Diagnosis (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016;140:1052 1059; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0219-RA) Papillary lesions of the breast Span the spectrum of benign,
More informationPapillary Lesions of the breast
Papillary Lesions of the breast Emad Rakha Professor of Breast Pathology The University of Nottingham Papillary lesions of the breast are a heterogeneous group of disease, which are characterised by neoplastic
More information1 NORMAL HISTOLOGY AND METAPLASIAS
1 NORMAL HISTOLOGY AND METAPLASIAS, MD Anatomy and Histology 1 Metaplasias 2 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY The female breast is composed of a branching duct system, which begins at the nipple with the major lactiferous
More informationCLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BENIGN EPITHELIAL CHANGES
Papillomas. Papillomas are composed of multiple branching fibrovascular cores, each having a connective tissue axis lined by luminal and myoepithelial cells ( Fig. 23-11 ). Growth occurs within a dilated
More informationA712(19)- Test slide, Breast cancer tissues with corresponding normal tissues
A712(19)- Test slide, Breast cancer tissues with corresponding normal tissues (formalin fixed) For research use only Specifications: No. of cases: 12 Tissue type: Breast cancer tissues with corresponding
More informationCarcinoma mammario: le istologie non frequenti. Valentina Guarneri Università di Padova IOV-IRCCS
Carcinoma mammario: le istologie non frequenti Valentina Guarneri Università di Padova IOV-IRCCS Histological diversity of breast adenocarcinomas Different histological types are defined according to specific
More informationInvasive Papillary Breast Carcinoma
410 This is an Open Access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License (www.karger.com/oa-license), applicable to the online version of the
More informationProliferative Epithelial lesions of the Breast. Sami Shousha, MD, FRCPath Charing Cross Hospital & Imperial College, London
Proliferative Epithelial lesions of the Breast Sami Shousha, MD, FRCPath Charing Cross Hospital & Imperial College, London Amman, November2013 Proliferative Epithelial Lesions of the Breast Usual type
More information04/09/2018. Salivary Gland Pathology in the Molecular Era Old Friends, Old Foes, & New Acquaintances
Salivary Gland Pathology in the Molecular Era Old Friends, Old Foes, & New Acquaintances Jennifer L. Hunt, MD, MEd Aubrey J. Hough Jr, MD, Endowed Professor of Pathology Chair of Pathology and Laboratory
More informationImmunohistochemical classification of breast tumours
Immunohistochemical classification of breast tumours Workshop in Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry September 19 th - 21 th 2018 Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital,
More information04/10/2018. Intraductal Papillary Neoplasms Of Breast INTRADUCTAL PAPILLOMA
Intraductal Papillary Neoplasms Of Breast Savitri Krishnamurthy MD Professor of Pathology Deputy Division Head The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 25 th Annual Seminar in Pathology Pittsburgh,
More informationEnterprise Interest None
Enterprise Interest None What are triple negative breast cancers? A synopsis of their histological patterns Ian Ellis Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham Department of Histopathology,
More informationDiseases of the breast (2 of 2) Breast cancer
Diseases of the breast (2 of 2) Breast cancer Epidemiology & etiology The most common type of cancer & the 2 nd most common cause of cancer death in women 1 of 8 women in USA Affects 7% of women Peak at
More informationCPC 4 Breast Cancer. Rochelle Harwood, a 35 year old sales assistant, presents to her GP because she has noticed a painless lump in her left breast.
CPC 4 Breast Cancer Rochelle Harwood, a 35 year old sales assistant, presents to her GP because she has noticed a painless lump in her left breast. 1. What are the most likely diagnoses of this lump? Fibroadenoma
More informationBenign Mimics of Malignancy in Breast Pathology
Arthur Purdy Stout Society of Surgical Pathologists Companion Meeting Benign Mimics of Malignancy in Breast Pathology Stuart J. Schnitt, M.D. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School,
More informationSurgical Pathology Issues of Practical Importance
Surgical Pathology Issues of Practical Importance Anne Moore, MD Medical Oncology Syed Hoda, MD Surgical Pathology The pathologist is central to the team approach needed to manage the patient with breast
More informationPapillary Lesions of the Breast: WHO Update
Papillary Lesions of the Breast: WHO Update Stuart J. Schnitt, M.D. Department of Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA Papillary Lesions of the Breast
More informationPapillary Lesions of the Breast
Papillary Lesions of the Breast Laura C. Collins, M.D. Associate Professor of Pathology Associate Director, Division of Anatomic Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
More informationProtocol for the Examination of Biopsy Specimens From Patients With Invasive Carcinoma of the Breast
Protocol for the Examination of Specimens From Patients With Invasive Carcinoma of the Breast Version: BreastInvasive 1.0.0.0 Protocol Posting Date: February 2019 Accreditation Requirements The use of
More informationPh.D. THESIS ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIAS IN PERIMENOPAUSE SUMMARY
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY OF CRAIOVA FACULTY OF MEDICINE Ph.D. THESIS ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIAS IN PERIMENOPAUSE SUMMARY SCIENTIFIC COORDINATOR: PROF. DR. MIHAI B. BRĂILA, Ph.D. Ph.D. Graduand:
More informationLesions Mimicking Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Diagnostic Problems in Salivary Gland Pathology An Update 5/29/2009
Diagnostic Problems in Salivary Gland Pathology An Update Lesions Mimicking Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Stacey E. Mills, M.D. W.S. Royster Professor of Pathology Director of Surgical and Cytopathology University
More informationDuctal Carcinoma in Situ. Laura C. Collins, M.D. Department of Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Laura C. Collins, M.D. Department of Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA Definition of DCIS WHO 2012 A neoplastic proliferation
More informationMolecular Characterization of Breast Cancer: The Clinical Significance
Molecular Characterization of : The Clinical Significance Shahla Masood, M.D. Professor and Chair Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville
More informationUNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY OF CRAIOVA FACULTY OF GENERAL MEDICINE DOCTOR S DEGREE THESIS ABSTRACT
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY OF CRAIOVA FACULTY OF GENERAL MEDICINE DOCTOR S DEGREE THESIS ABSTRACT CLINICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY IN A GROUP OF PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCERS
More informationACRIN 6666 Therapeutic Surgery Form
S1 ACRIN 6666 Therapeutic Surgery Form 6666 Instructions: Complete a separate S1 form for each separate area of each breast excised with the intent to treat a cancer (e.g. each lumpectomy or mastectomy).
More informationResearch Article Stromal Expression of CD10 in Invasive Breast Carcinoma and Its Correlation with ER, PR, HER2-neu, and Ki67
SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research International Breast Cancer Volume 20, Article ID 47957, 4 pages doi:0.406/20/47957 Research Article Stromal Expression of CD0 in Invasive Breast Carcinoma and Its Correlation
More informationSynchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the breast. and invasive lobular carcinoma
Sentani K et al. 1 Letter to the editor Synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the breast and invasive lobular carcinoma Kazuhiro Sentani, 1 Takashi Tashiro, 2 Naohide Oue, 1 Wataru Yasui 1 1 Department
More informationMorphological and Molecular Typing of breast Cancer
Morphological and Molecular Typing of breast Cancer Ian Ellis Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Histological
More informationPSA. HMCK, p63, Racemase. HMCK, p63, Racemase
Case 1 67 year old male presented with gross hematuria H/o acute prostatitis & BPH Urethroscopy: small, polypoid growth with a broad base emanating from the left side of the verumontanum Serum PSA :7 ng/ml
More informationCASE REPORT Malignant transformation of breast ductal adenoma: a diagnostic pitfall
Malaysian J Pathol 2015; 37(3) : 281 285 CASE REPORT Malignant transformation of breast ductal adenoma: a diagnostic pitfall Hiroko HAYASHI, Hiroshi OHTANI,* Junzo YAMAGUCHI,** and Isao SHIMOKAWA Department
More informationOverview of breast cancerpatients and their prognostic factors treated in Baghdad teaching hospital/ oncology department in the year 2010
Original Article Overview of breast cancerpatients and their prognostic factors treated in Baghdad teaching hospital/ oncology department in the year 21 * DMRT clinical oncology, MSc. pathology. Summary:
More informationUniversity of Zurich. Histology and Immunophenotype of Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer. Daily Practice and Pitfalls. Zurich Open Repository and Archive
University of Zurich Zurich Open Repository and Archive Winterthurerstr. 190 CH-8057 Zurich http://www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2009 Histology and Immunophenotype of Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer. Daily Practice
More informationTreatment options for the precancerous Atypical Breast lesions. Prof. YOUNG-JIN SUH The Catholic University of Korea
Treatment options for the precancerous Atypical Breast lesions Prof. YOUNG-JIN SUH The Catholic University of Korea Not so benign lesions? Imaging abnormalities(10% recall) lead to diagnostic evaluation,
More informationReporting of Breast Cancer Do s and Don ts
Reporting of Breast Cancer Do s and Don ts 7 th SGH Annual Breast Pathology Course Professor Michael Bilous Conjoint Professor Western Sydney University Consultant Pathologist, Australian Clinical Labs,
More informationRare Breast Tumours. 1. Breast Tumours. 1.1 General Results. 1.2 Incidence
Rare Breast Tumours 1. Breast Tumours 1.1 General Results Table 1. Epithelial Tumours of Breast: Incidence, Trends, Survival Flemish Region 2001-2010 Incidence Trend Survival Females EAPC Relative survival
More informationDisclosures 5/27/2012. Outline of Talk. Outline of Talk. When Is LCIS Clinically Significant? Classic LCIS. Classic LCIS
When Is LCIS Clinically Significant? Disclosures I have nothing to disclose Yunn-Yi Chen, MD, PhD Professor Outline of Talk Outline of Talk Classic LCIS Classic LCIS Definition of lobular differentiation
More informationMousa. Israa Ayed. Abdullah AlZibdeh. 0 P a g e
1 Mousa Israa Ayed Abdullah AlZibdeh 0 P a g e Breast pathology The basic histological units of the breast are called lobules, which are composed of glandular epithelial cells (luminal cells) resting on
More informationUpdate in Salivary Gland Pathology. Benjamin L. Witt University of Utah/ARUP Laboratories February 9, 2016
Update in Salivary Gland Pathology Benjamin L. Witt University of Utah/ARUP Laboratories February 9, 2016 Objectives Review the different appearances of a selection of salivary gland tumor types Establish
More informationBreast Cancer. Dr. Andres Wiernik 2017
Breast Cancer Dr. Andres Wiernik 2017 Agenda: The Facts! (Epidemiology/Risk Factors) Biological Classification/Phenotypes of Breast Cancer Treatment approach Local Systemic Agenda: The Facts! (Epidemiology/Risk
More informationImmunohistochemical studies (ER & Ki-67) in Proliferative breast lesions adjacent to malignancy
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 13, Issue 3 Ver. IV. (Mar. 2014), PP 84-89 Immunohistochemical studies (ER & Ki-67) in Proliferative
More informationPost Neoadjuvant therapy: issues in interpretation
Post Neoadjuvant therapy: issues in interpretation Disclosure: Overview D Prognostic features in assessment of post treatment specimens: Tumor size Cellularity Grade Receptors LN Neoadjuvant chemotherapy:
More informationBasal phenotype: a powerful prognostic factor in small screen-detected invasive breast cancer with long-term follow-up ...
21 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Basal phenotype: a powerful prognostic factor in small screen-detected invasive breast cancer with long-term follow-up A J Evans, E A Rakha, S E Pinder, A R Green, C Paish and I O Ellis...
More informationA712(18)- Test slide, Breast cancer tissues with corresponding normal tissues
A712(18)- Test slide, Breast cancer tissues with corresponding normal tissues (formalin fixed) For research use only Specifications: No. of cases: 12 Tissue type: Breast cancer tissues with corresponding
More informationCase Scenario 1 History and Physical 3/15/13 Imaging Pathology
Case Scenario 1 History and Physical 3/15/13 The patient is an 84 year old white female who presented with an abnormal mammogram. The patient has a five year history of refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts
More information04/10/2018 HIGH RISK BREAST LESIONS. Pathology Perspectives of High Risk Breast Lesions ELEVATED RISK OF BREAST CANCER HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
Pathology Perspectives of High Risk Breast Lesions Savitri Krishnamurthy MD Professor of Pathology Deputy Division Head Director of Clinical Trials, Research and Development The University of Texas MD
More informationCase Report Aggressive invasive micropapillary salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland
Pathology International 2008; 58: 322 326 doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.2008.02231.x Case Report Aggressive invasive micropapillary salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland Hidetaka Yamamoto, 1 Hideoki Uryu,
More informationColumnar Cell Lesions
Columnar Cell Lesions Laura C. Collins, M.D. Department of Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA Question? Columnar cell lesions are: a) Annoying lesions
More informationEpithelial tumors. Dr. F.F. Khuzin, PhD Dr. M.O. Mavlikeev
Epithelial tumors Dr. F.F. Khuzin, PhD Dr. M.O. Mavlikeev Epithelial tumors Tumors from the epithelium are the most frequent among tumors. There are 2 group features of these tumors: The presence in most
More informationJordan University Faculty Of Medicine. Breast. Dr. Ahmed Salman. Assistant professor of anatomy & embryology
Jordan University Faculty Of Medicine Breast Dr. Ahmed Salman Assistant professor of anatomy & embryology The breasts are specialized accessory glands of the skin that secretes milk. They are situated
More informationPROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA: DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND IMPORTANT MIMICKERS PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA: DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA: DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND IMPORTANT MIMICKERS PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA: DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA 1 A good H & E helps! ADENOCARCINOMA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA Relatively uniform proliferation
More informationYour Guide to the Breast Cancer Pathology. Report. Key Questions. Here are important questions to be sure you understand, with your doctor s help:
Your Guide to the Breast Cancer Pathology Report Key Questions Here are important questions to be sure you understand, with your doctor s help: Your Guide to the Breast Cancer Pathology Report 1. Is this
More information6/3/2010. Outline of Talk. Lobular Breast Cancer: Definition of lobular differentiation. Common Problems in Diagnosing LCIS in Core Biopsies
Outline of Talk Lobular Breast Cancer: Common Problems in Diagnosing LCIS in Core Biopsies Definition of lobular differentiation Variants of LCIS that: carry risk for unsampled invasive cancer mimic DCIS
More informationHISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BENIGN PROLIFERATIVE BREAST LESIONS
7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BENIGN PROLIFERATIVE BREAST LESIONS DR. VIBHUTI H. CHIHLA*, DR. N N. JAGRIT **, DR. JAYASHREE M. SHAH*** *3 rd year Pathology Resident, **Associate Professor,
More informationFlat Epithelial Atypia
Flat Epithelial Atypia Richard Owings, M.D. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Department of Pathology Flat epithelial atypia can be a difficult lesion May be a subtle diagnosis Lots of changes
More informationEpithelial Columnar Breast Lesions: Histopathology and Molecular Markers
29th Annual International Conference Advances in the Application of Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Oncology and Symposium on Cancer Stem Cells 25 th -27t h June, 2012, Mykonos, Greece Epithelial Columnar
More informationOncocytic-Appearing Salivary Gland Tumors. Oncocytic, Cystic, Mucinous, and High Grade Salivary Gland Tumors SALIVARY GLAND FNA: PART II
William C. Faquin, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology Harvard Medical School Director of Head and Neck Pathology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Massachusetts General Hospital SALIVARY GLAND FNA: PART II Oncocytic,
More informationQuestion 1 A. ER-, PR-, HER+ B. ER+, PR+, HER2- C. ER-, PR+, HER2- D. ER-, PR-, HER2- E. ER-, PR+, HER2+
Triple Negative Breast Cancer Laura C. Collins, M.D. Department of Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Question 1 The tumor depicted on the next slide
More informationINTRADUCTAL LESIONS OF THE PROSTATE. Jonathan I. Epstein
INTRADUCTAL LESIONS OF THE PROSTATE Jonathan I. Epstein Topics Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) Intraductal adenocarcinoma (IDC-P) Intraductal urothelial carcinoma Ductal adenocarcinoma High Prostatic
More informationCase Report Basaloid ductal carcinoma in situ arising in salivary gland metaplasia of the breast: a case report
Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014;7(9):6370-6374 www.ijcep.com /ISSN:1936-2625/IJCEP0001480 Case Report Basaloid ductal carcinoma in situ arising in salivary gland metaplasia of the breast: a case report Eun
More informationCURRICULUM FOR THE BREAST PATHOLOGY ROTATION UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY
CURRICULUM FOR THE BREAST PATHOLOGY ROTATION UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY JULY, 2003 The following is a conceptual curriculum and set of guidelines for Pathology Residents on the Breast
More information57th Annual HSCP Spring Symposium 4/16/2016
An Unusual Malignant Spindle Cell Lesion to Involve the Breast Erinn Downs-Kelly, D.O. Associate Professor of Pathology University of Utah & ARUP Laboratories No disclosures Case 39 y/o female with no
More informationBREAST PATHOLOGY MCQS
BREAST PATHOLOGY MCQS 1) :The most important factor in breast enlargement during pregnancy is A. stromal edema B. secretion of chorionic gonadotropin C. glandular hyperplasia D. proliferation of stroma
More informationCase Report A case of matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast with micoglandular adenosis and review of literature
Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015;8(7):8568-8572 www.ijcep.com /ISSN:1936-2625/IJCEP0010093 Case Report A case of matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast with micoglandular adenosis and review of literature
More informationDOCTORAL THESIS SUMMARY
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY CRAIOVA DOCTORAL THESIS HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF GASTRIC CARCINOMAS SUMMARY Scientific Coordinator: Univ. Prof. Dr. SIMIONESCU CRISTIANA EUGENIA
More informationProliferative Breast Disease: implications of core biopsy diagnosis. Proliferative Breast Disease
Proliferative Breast Disease: implications of core biopsy diagnosis Jean F. Simpson, M.D. Breast Pathology Consultants, Inc. Nashville, TN Proliferative Breast Disease Must be interpreted in clinical and
More informationXXV Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica y División Española de la International Academy of Pathology
XXV Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica y División Española de la International Academy of Pathology NUEVOS FENOTIPOS DEL CÁNCER DE MAMA: NUEVOS PROBLEMAS PARA EL PATÓLOGO? Tienen actualmente
More informationDisclosures. Outline. What IS tumor budding?? Tumor Budding in Colorectal Carcinoma: What, Why, and How. I have nothing to disclose
Tumor Budding in Colorectal Carcinoma: What, Why, and How Disclosures I have nothing to disclose Soo-Jin Cho, MD, PhD Assistant Professor UCSF Dept of Pathology Current Issues in Anatomic Pathology 2017
More informationPresent Role of Immunohistochemistry in the. Subtypes. Beppe Viale European Institute of Oncology University of Milan Milan-Italy
Present Role of Immunohistochemistry in the Classification of Molecular Subtypes Beppe Viale European Institute of Oncology University of Milan Milan-Italy We know it is many diseases Breast cancer is
More informationReview and Updates of Immunohistochemistry in Selected Salivary Gland and Head and Neck Tumors
Review and Updates of Immunohistochemistry in Selected Salivary Gland and Head and Neck Tumors. Monophasic tumors : myoepithelioma, acinic cell carcinoma, and salivary duct carcinoma. Biphasic tumors includes
More informationCase study 1. Rie Horii, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Pathology Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
NCCN/JCCNB Seminar in Japan April 15, 2012 Case study 1 Rie Horii, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Pathology Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Present illness: A 50y.o.premenopausal
More informationUniversity Journal of Pre and Para Clinical Sciences
ISSN 2455 2879 Volume 2 Issue 1 2016 Metaplastic carcinoma breast a rare case report Abstract : Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast is a rare malignancy with two distinct cell lines described as a breast
More informationMacro- and microacinar proliferations of the prostate
Macro- and microacinar proliferations of the prostate (with emphasis on cancer mimics) Rodolfo Montironi, MD (IT), FRCPath (UK), IFCAP (USA) Polytechnic University of Marche Region (Ancona) School of Medicine,
More informationRare types of breast carcinoma
Open Med. 2015; 10: 92-96 Research Article Open Access Daiva Gudaviciene*, Laura Steponaviciene, Raimundas Meskauskas, Giedre Smailyte, Eduardas Aleknavicius Rare types of breast Abstract: Breast cancer
More informationNotice of Faculty Disclosure
California Society of Pathology Diagnostic Problems in Surgical Pathology December 2015 Case 2 Laura C. Collins, M.D. Associate Professor of Pathology Associate Director of Anatomic Pathology Beth Israel
More informationGross appearance of nodular hyperplasia in material obtained from suprapubic prostatectomy. Note the multinodular appearance and the admixture of
Tiền liệt tuyến Tiền liệt tuyến Gross appearance of nodular hyperplasia in material obtained from suprapubic prostatectomy. Note the multinodular appearance and the admixture of solid and microcystic areas.
More informationCytyc Corporation - Case Presentation Archive - March 2002
FirstCyte Ductal Lavage History: 68 Year Old Female Gail Index: Unknown Clinical History: Negative Mammogram in 1995 6 yrs. later presents with bloody nipple discharge Subsequent suspicious mammogram Suspicious
More informationDisclosure. Relevant Financial Relationship(s) None. Off Label Usage None MFMER slide-1
Disclosure Relevant Financial Relationship(s) None Off Label Usage None 2013 MFMER slide-1 Case Presentation A 43 year old male, with partial nephrectomy for a right kidney mass 2013 MFMER slide-2 2013
More informationLow-Grade Periductal Stromal of Breast: a case report
Low-Grade Periductal Stromal of Breast: a case report Rosanna Nenna 1 Cosimo Damiano Inchingolo 1 Domenico Palmieri 2 Annalisa De Lucia 1 Giusy Elicio 1 Pina Miscioscia 1 ( 1 ) U.O.C. di Anatomia Patologica,
More informationTitle malignancy. Issue Date Right 209, 12, (2013)
NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Ac Title Author(s) A case of intracystic apocrine papi malignancy Hayashi, Hiroko; Ohtani, Hiroshi; Y Citation Pathology - Research and Practice, Issue Date 2013-12 URL Right
More informationClaudin-4 Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Correlation with Androgen Receptors and Ki-67 Expression
Claudin-4 Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Correlation with Androgen Receptors and Ki-67 Expression Mona A. Abd-Elazeem, Marwa A. Abd- Elazeem Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta
More informationRole of Histological Grading & Mitotic Activity Index in Prognosis of Breast Cancer: A 2 Year Study in a Tertiary Care Health Centre
Original article: Role of Histological Grading & Mitotic Activity Index in Prognosis of Breast Cancer: A 2 Year Study in a Tertiary Care Health Centre 1 AmitVarma, 2 ShilpiDosi, 3 Kamal Malukani, 4 PriyankaKiyawat
More informationPathology Report Patient Companion Guide
Pathology Report Patient Companion Guide Breast Cancer - Understanding Your Pathology Report Pathology Reports can be overwhelming. They contain scientific terms that are unfamiliar and might be a bit
More informationDOCTORAL THESIS SUMMARY
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY CRAIOVA DOCTORAL THESIS SUMMARY The histopathological and immunohistochemical study of oral squamous carcinomas PhD Student: DRAGOMIR LUCIAN PAUL Scientific Coordinator:
More informationApplications of IHC. Determination of the primary site in metastatic tumors of unknown origin
Applications of IHC Determination of the primary site in metastatic tumors of unknown origin Classification of tumors that appear 'undifferentiated' by standard light microscopy Precise classification
More informationPathology of Lobular & Ductal Preneoplasia. Syed A Hoda, MD Weill-Cornell, New York, NY
Pathology of Lobular & Ductal Preneoplasia Syed A Hoda, MD Weill-Cornell, New York, NY Proliferative Epithelial Changes in Breast A wide range of proliferative epithelial changes occur in the breast There
More informationRSNA, /radiol Appendix E1. Methods
RSNA, 2016 10.1148/radiol.2016151097 Appendix E1 Methods US and Near-infrared Data Acquisition Four optical wavelengths (740 nm, 780 nm, 808 nm, and 830 nm) were used to sequentially deliver the light
More information