Unit 2 Warm Ups. Equilibrium

Transcription

1 Unit 2 Warm Ups Equilibrium

2 1. Cell wall 2. Mitochondria 3. Chloroplast 4. Vesicle 5. Vacuole 6. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 7. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 8. Cytoskeleton 9. Lysosomes 10.Cell Membrane 11.Golgi apparatus 12.Nucleus 13.Ribosomes Unit 2 Vocabulary 1

3 Vocabulary 1 1. Cell wall- outside of the cell that provides structure and support for plant cells and bacterial cells. 2. Mitochondria- produces/makes energy for the cell (ATP), site of cellular respiration. 3. Chloroplast-the site of photosynthesis so plant can make glucose (sugar). 4. Vesicle-small sac that pinches off from the cell membrane to enclose materials and transport within cell. 5. Vacuole- a fluid filled sac that stores water, food, and waste. 6. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum- part of Endoplasmic Reticulum that has ribosomes attached, proteins are made here. 7. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum-part of ER without ribosomes, acts as a highway to transport materials. 8. Cytoskeleton-provides structure, support, and shape of the cell, made of microfilaments and microtubules. 9. Lysosomes-digest food, clean up waste and recycle old cell parts. 10. Cell Membrane-separates the inside from the outside of the cell, made of a phospholipid bilayer. 11. Golgi apparatus- finishes, sorts, labels, packages, and ships proteins in vesicles (UPS). 12. Nucleus-contains and protects the cell s DNA, controls the cell. 13. Ribosomes-uses the instructions from DNA to make proteins.

4 1. Osmosis 2. Diffusion 3. Active Transport 4. Passive Transport 5. Concentration gradient 6. Hypertonic 7. Hypotonic 8. Isotonic 9. Endocytosis 10. Exocytosis 11. Selective permeability Vocabulary 2

5 1. Osmosis- the diffusion of water from a more dilute solution (lower concentration) to a more concentrated solution (higher concentration) through a semipermable membrane. 2. Diffusion- the movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. 3. Active Transport- the movement of substances against a concentration gradient, requires energy. (low to high concentration) 4. Passive Transport- the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, moving with the concentration gradient. (high to low concentration) 5. Concentration gradient- the difference in concentration of a susbstance across a distance. Vocabulary 2 6. Hypertonic- a solution whose solute concentration is higher (outside the cell) than the solute concentration inside a cell. 7. Hypotonic- a solution whose solute concentration is lower (outside the cell) than the solute concentration inside the cell. 8. Isotonic- a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell. 9. Endocytosis- the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and brings it into the cell. 10. Exocytosis- the process by which a particle is moved outside the cell membrane. 11. Selective permeability- only certain materials are allowed inside the cell.

6 Cell Organelles 1. Which of the following correctly matches the cell structure with its function? a. The nucleus produces energy. b. The cell membrane packages lipids (fats) for export. c. The chloroplast captures solar energy. d. The vacuole digests molecules. 2. Information that controls the production of proteins passes from the nucleus to the a. cell membrane b. chloroplast c. ribosomes d. mitochondria 3. If a cell loses the ability to regulate food, water, and wastes into and out of the cell,which structure is most likely to have the defect? a. endoplasmic reticulum b. cell membrane c. ribosomes d. chloroplasts 4. Part of the golgi apparatus pinches off and moves away, what is the purpose of this? a. to collect amino acids for protein synthesis b. to send messages to the nucleus c. to release energy from ATP d. to deliver proteins to other locations in the cell

7 Transport 5. What is the purpose of active transport in the cell? a. moving water from a high concentration to a low concentration. b. equalizing the concentration of water inside and outside the cell. c. moving substances against a concentration gradient. d. packaging proteins for export from the cell. 6. CO 2 is removed from the body during diffusion through the cell membrane into the blood, which of the following is the correct flow of CO 2? a. high concentration to low concentration, No ATP used b. low concentration to high concentration, No ATP used c. high concentration to low concentration, ATP used d. low concentration to high concentration, ATP used 7. Which of the following are part of active transport? a. facilitated diffusion b. osmosis c. exocytosis d. sodium-potassium pump 8. Which of the following are part of passive transport? a. exocytosis b. endocytosis c. facilitated diffusion d. ion channels

8 9. What is required for active transport? a. chloroplast b. osmosis c. cell wall d. energy 10. Maintaining a stable internal environment is called what? a. equilibrium b. osmosis c. diffusion d. succession 11. What is the main function of a selectively permeable membrane? a. storage of water b. regulates what comes in and out c. storage of chemical d. break down molecules in the cell 12. What is the purpose of the mitochondria? a. storage of nutrients b. cellular control c. removal of wastes d. releasing energy

9 Passive Transport Definition & Description: Both Active Transport Definition & Description: Examples: Examples:

10 Passive Transport Definition & Description: Both Active Transport Definition & Description: Moving substances into and out of the cell without the use of energy. Moving with the concentration gradient. High to low concentration. Examples: Facilitated diffusion Osmosis Diffusion Ion channels Move substances in and out of cell Concentration gradient Involves cell membrane Moving substances into and out of the cell with the use of energy. Moving against the concentration gradient. Low to high concentration. Examples: Sodium potassium pumps Exocytosis Endocytosis

11 Test Review 13. What would you expect to happen to the molecules in the diagram if the molecules can easily pass through the cell membrane? a. molecules will stay the same b. molecules will all be inside cell c. molecules will all be outside cell d. equal number of molecules will be inside and outside cell 14. List some differences in the two cells pictured. 15. What is thigmotropism? Gravitropism? Phototropism? 16. In the equation for cellular respiration, what is produced by the reaction? C 6 H 12 O 6 +6 O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O 17. What would happen if a cell was placed in a hypertonic solution? Hypotonic Solution? 18. Where does the majority of oxygen in the atmosphere come from? 19. How many layers make up the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane? 20. From the plant photo, what is the hypothesis that is being tested?

12 Test Review 13. What would you expect to happen to the molecules in the diagram if the molecules can easily pass through the cell membrane? a. molecules will stay the same b. molecules will all be inside cell c. molecules will all be outside cell d. equal number of molecules will be inside and outside cell 14. List some differences in the two cells pictured. Cell X is a prokaryotic cell and Cell Y is a eukaryotic cell. Cell X does not have a nucleus and organelles (bacterial cell) but Cell Y does (animal cell) 15. What is thigmotropism? Gravitropism? Phototropism? Response to touch, response to gravity, response to light 16. In the equation for cellular respiration, what is produced by the reaction? C 6 H 12 O 6 +6 O 2 (reactants) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O (products) 17. What would happen if a cell was placed in a hypertonic solution? Hypotonic Solution? It would shrink in size and lose water, it would swell and gain water. 18. Where does the majority of oxygen in the atmosphere come from? Plants/ autotrophs 19. How many layers make up the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane? From the plant photo, what is the hypothesis that is being tested? Plants cannot produce sugar without light

13 Test Review 21. Which of the following is an example of osmosis? a. digestive enzymes are excreted in the stomach b. potassium is pumped into muscle cells c. water leaves the stomach in response to a hypertonic solution in the blood d. Sodium is transported from the intestines to the kidneys 22. If a cell is placed in a strong salt solution, water will a. stay in the cell b. pass back and forth c. pass from the salt solution to the cells d. pass from the cell to the salt solution. 23. Movement in a cell from a lesser concentratrion to a higher concentration. 24.When would active transport move sugar molecules into cells in the body? 25. What must be broken in ATP to release energy? 26.What is the equation for photosynthesis? 27. What is the gas that is given off by plants? 28.A cell with 15% sugar solution was placed in a beaker containing an unknown solution. The cell swelled to twice the original size. What was the concentration of the unknown solution?

14 Test Review 21. Which of the following is an example of osmosis? a. digestive enzymes are excreted in the stomach b. potassium is pumped into muscle cells c. water leaves the stomach in response to a hypertonic solution in the blood d. Sodium is transported from the intestines to the kidneys 22. If a cell is placed in a strong salt solution, water will a. stay in the cell b. pass back and forth c. pass from the salt solution to the cells d. pass from the cell to the salt solution. 23. Movement in a cell from a lesser concentratrion to a higher concentration. Active transport 24.When would active transport move sugar molecules into cells in the body? When the concentration of sugar inside the cell is less than outside the cell. 25. What must be broken in ATP to release energy? Bonds between two phosphate groups 26.What is the equation for photosynthesis? 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 +6 O What is the gas that is given off by plants? O 2 Oxygen 28.A cell with 15% sugar solution was placed in a beaker containing an unknown solution. The cell swelled to twice the original size. What was the concentration of the unknown solution? Less than 15% sugar solution

15 Test Review 29.If you removed carbon dioxide from a plant s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant s production of sugar? 30. What can affect the rate of photosynthesis? 31. What is released during cellular respiration? 32. Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking this down. 33. What are the two types of fermentation?

16 Test Review 29.If you removed carbon dioxide from a plant s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant s production of sugar? It would be lower, less sugar produced 30. What can affect the rate of photosynthesis? 31. What is released during cellular respiration? CO 2 and H 2 O 32. Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking this down. sugar 33. What are the two types of fermentation? Lactic Acid Fermentation and Alcoholic Fermentation

17 Test Review 34. If a cell is put in a hypertonic solution of corn syrup for 5 minutes, what would you expect to happen to the cell? a. cell stay the same b. cell bursts c. cell swells d. cell shrivels away from cell wall 35. From the diagram below, what is shown by all the arrows? a. ingestion b. excretion c. homeostasis d. photosynthesis 36. Kidneys in humans and vacuoles in single celled organisms help to maintain water balance inside the organism. This maintainance of water means that a. nerve signals can disrupt the cells communication and homeostasis. b. tissues and organs work together to maintain homeostasis. Organic compounds c. disrupting a body system may disrupt homeostasis in single celled organisms d. all organisms, no matter how many cells, depend on cell processes for homeostasis. 37. In an experiment, the movement of water in the bag was observed. The results are shown below. What was the dependent variable in the experiment? Independent variable? a. amount of water in the bag b. mass of the bag before the experiment c. change in size and shape of bag d. amount of starch or water in the beaker Dependent independent O 2 Single celled organism CO 2

18 Test Review 38. What kingdom would the cell below be found in? a. Animal b. Plant c. Eubacteria d. Protista 39. Which one of the following are similarities between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? a. These processes are not similar b. They are inverse or opposite reactions that have the same compounds c. Both require an input of carbon dioxide and oxygen d. Both use solar energy and energy from sugar to make ATP 40. What are the differences in aerobic and anaerobic respiration? a. aerobic- less energy produced with oxygen, anaerobic- more energy produced without oxygen b. aerobic- more energy produced without oxygen, anaerobic- less energy produced with oxygen c. aerobic- more energy produced with oxygen, anaerobic- less energy produced without oxygen d. aerobic- less energy produced without oxygen, anaerobic- more energy produced with oxygen 41.What are the two cycles for aerobic respiration? Anaerobic respiration? a. Lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation b. Krebs cycle and alcoholic fermentation c. Electron transport chain and lactic acid fermentation d. Krebs cycle and Electron transport chain 42. What type of solution is represented by the salt compared to the water inside the membrane below? a. hypotonic b. hypertonic c. isotonic d. semi-permeable

19 Test Review 43.An artificial cell (semipermeable membrane containing pure water) is placed in a salt water solution. The membrane is permeable to water but not salt. Which description shows the direction of movement relative to the cell? a. salt moves in the cell b. salt moves out of the cell c. water moves in the cell d. water moves out of the cell 44.What would happen to the cell after being in the beaker for 2 hours? a. cell would lose mass b. cell would gain mass c. cell would swell d. cell would remain the same 45. What is a reason that certain molecules can not pass through the cell membrane? a. molecules are too small to fit through membrane b. the membrane allows all molecules to enter through pores c. the membrane is permeable to all molecules d. molecule is too large to fit through membrane 46.The graph below shows changes in temperature over a period of time. This graph represents what? a. autotrophic nutrition b. an allergic reaction c. an antigen-antibody reaction d. homeostasis 47. The diagram below shows a plant root taking in mineral ions from surrounding soil. What process is illustrated? a. passive filtration b. diffusion c. osmosis d. active transport