Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis. Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis. Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes"

Transcription

1 Topics Microbial Metabolism Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis 2 Metabolism Catabolism Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes Breakdown of complex organic molecules in order to extract energy and dform simpler end products. Enzymes are involved. 3 4 Metabolism Model Enzymes Function Structure Enzyme-substrate interaction Cofactors Action Regulation 5 6 1

2 Enzyme Structure Conjugated Enzymes Simple enzyme - primarily protein Conjugated enzyme - protein and nonprotein Three-dimensional features: Specificity - lock-and-key Active site or catalytic site Conjugated enzymes contain a metallic cofactor, coenzyme, or both in order for it to function as a catalyst. 7 8 Active Site Enzyme-Substrate Interaction Substrates specifically bind to the active sites on the enzyme: - lock-and-key style -Induced fit Once the reaction is complete, the product is released and the enzyme reused. Specific active sites are folded regions of the protein molecule and contain specific amino acids in its microenvironment Lock-and-Key Model Coenzymes Function as transient carriers Alter a substrate by removing a chemical group from it and adding it to another. Ex. NAD, FAD and CoA Specificity of enzyme-substrate reactions and induced fit

3 Coenzyme Activity Enzyme Action Carrier function of coenzymes A coenzyme transfers chemical groups from one substrate to Exoenzymes Endoenzymes Constitutive Induction or repression Types of reactions another Enzyme Location Constitutive and Regulated Enzymes Constitutive enzymes are present in constant amounts. Exoenzymes are inactive while inside the cell, but upon release from the cell they become active. Endoenzymes remain in the cell and are always active. 15 Regulated enzymes are either induced or repressed. 16 Types of Reactions Synthesis and Hydrolysis Condensation Hd Hydrolysis Transfer reactions 17 Condensation reactions are associated with anabolic reactions, and hydrolysis reactions are associated with catabolic reactions. 18 3

4 Transfer Reactions Sample Enzymes Transfer of electrons from one substrate to another. Ex: Oxidoreductase - oxidation-reduction reactions. Transfer of functional groups from one molecule to another. Ex: Aminotransferases - transfer of amino group. Examples of enzymes, their substrates, and their reactions Regulation Patterns of Metabolism Metabolic pathways Direct control Genetic control Metabolic pathways follow stepwise patterns. These are regulated by enzymes that catalyze these reactions Enzyme Control Mechanisms Genetic Control Repression - end products stop the expression of genes that encode for proteins (enzymes) which are responsible for metabolic reactions. Induction - substrate initiates and enhances the expression of genes for proteins (enzymes) that drive metabolic reactions. Competitive inhibition and noncompetitive inhibition are forms of direct control (regulation) of the enzyme action

5 Repression Enzyme Characteristics Repression as a type of genetic control of enzyme synthesis Bioenergetics Energy Machinery of the Cell Cell energetics - Exergonic reactions - Endergonic reactions Redox reaction Electron carriers Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) 27 The general scheme associated with metabolism of organic molecules, the redox reaction, and the capture of energy in the form of ATP. 28 Redox Reaction Electron Carriers Oxidation - removal or loss of electrons Reduction - addition or gain of electrons These are coupled reactions Biological redox reactions involve transfer of electrons and protons (hydrogens) = dehydrogenation Dehydrogenases - catalyze these reactions Electron carriers - transfer electrons (and protons) from donor to acceptor molecules. Coenzymes: Ex: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) Respiratory chain (ETC) carriers: Ex: Cytochromes (protein+porphyrin)

6 Adenosine Triphosphate Energy Capture Temporary energy repository ( cellular battery ) Breaking of pyrophosphates bonds will release free energy for cellular work. Three part molecule: Nitrogen base - Adenine Pentose sugar - Ribose) Chain of three phosphate groups The phosphate groups capture the energy derived from metabolism as pyrophosphate bonds within the ATP molecule. ATP and its partner compounds ADP and AMP Phosphorylation Substrate-level Phosphorylation ATP can be used to phosphorylate an organic molecule such as glucose during catabolism. ATP can be synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation. Phosphorylation - catalyzed by phosphorylases (e.g. hexokinase) 33 A phosphate group from an intermediate is transferred to ADP to regenerate ATP. 34 Catabolic Pathways Glucose Metabolism Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas (EMP) Pathway or Glycolysis Kreb s s or Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle Overview of the location, flow, endproducts of cellular Electron Transport or Respiratory Chain (aerobic) Alternate pathways respiration. Fermentation Glucose is catabolized to harness energy

7 Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Glycolysis Kreb s Cycle Electron Transport Chain 37 Glucose (6-carbon sugar) splits into two pyruvates (3-carbon molecules). Glucose is oxidized and coenzyme NAD is reduced to NADH. Energy investment phase: - Phosphorylation of intermediates using 2 ATP molecules Energy yielding phase: - Substrate-level-phosphorylation of ADP to produce 4 ATPs. 38 Glycolytic Steps Kreb s Cycle Each pyruvic acid is processed to enter the Kreb s Cycle as Acetyl CoA. CO 2 is generated -decarboxylation reactions. Coenzymes NAD and FAD are reduced to NADH and FADH 2 Net yield of two ATPs per molecule of glucose Steps in Kreb s Cycle Electron Transport Chain NADH and FADH 2 from glycolysis and Kreb s Cycle donate electrons to the electron carriers (ETC). Membrane bound carriers transfer electrons by redox reactions. Oxygen (final electron acceptor) completes the terminal step

8 Electron Transport Chain Location of ETC Eukaryotes - Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Prokaryotes- Cytoplasmic Membrane The Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis driven by the Proton Motive Force ATP Yield Anaerobic Respiration Glycolysis - 2 Kreb s Cycle - 2 ETC- 34 Total Yield: 38 Similar to aerobic respiration, except nitrate or nitrite is the final electron acceptor NADH yield - FADH 2 yield- 2 in Glycolysis 8 in Kreb s Cycle 2 in Kreb s Cycle Fermentation Fermentation Glycolysis only NADH from glycolysis is used to reduce the glucose Organic compounds as the final electron acceptors (not O 2 ) Low ATP yields per glucose molecule compared to cellular respiration Chemistry of fermentation: Production of ethyl alcohol or lactic acid and release of CO

9 Types of Fermenters Facultative anaerobes Fermentation in the absence of oxygen Respiration in the presence of oxygen Ex. Escherichia coli Strict fermenters No respiration Ex. yeast Fermentation Products Alcoholic fermentation Acidic fermentation Mixed acid fermentation Mixed Acid Fermentation Biosynthesis Mixed acid fermentation and related products synthesized from pyruvate Amphibolic Gluconeogenesis Beta oxidation Amination Transamination Deamination Macromolecules Amphibolic Synthesis Amphibolic Synthesis Integration of the catabolic and anabolic pathways (Coupled Reactions) Intermediates serve multiple purposes Intermediates serve as precursors to synthesize amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids

10 Gluconeogenesis Beta Oxidation Pyruvate (intermediate) is converted back to glucose Metabolism of fats into acetyl, which can then enter the Kreb s cycle as acetyl CoA. Occurs when the glucose supply is low Amino Acid Synthesis Macromolecules Cellular building blocks: Monosaccharides Amino acids Fatty acids Nitrogen bases Vitamins

Metabolism. Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism. Metabolic balancing act. Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes. Topics. Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis

Metabolism. Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism. Metabolic balancing act. Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes. Topics. Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism Topics Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes Metabolism 1 2 Metabolic balancing act Catabolism and anabolism simple model Catabolism Enzymes

More information

Enzymes what are they?

Enzymes what are they? Topic 11 (ch8) Microbial Metabolism Topics Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis 1 Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes Metabolism 2 Metabolic balancing act Catabolism Enzymes involved in breakdown of complex

More information

Metabolism. Topic 11&12 (ch8) Microbial Metabolism. Metabolic Balancing Act. Topics. Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes

Metabolism. Topic 11&12 (ch8) Microbial Metabolism. Metabolic Balancing Act. Topics. Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes Topic 11&12 (ch8) Microbial Metabolism Topics Metabolism Energy Pathways Biosynthesis 1 Catabolism Anabolism Enzymes Metabolism 2 Metabolic Balancing Act Catabolism Enzymes involved in breakdown of complex

More information

Chapter 8. Metabolism. Topics in lectures 15 and 16. Chemical foundations Catabolism Biosynthesis

Chapter 8. Metabolism. Topics in lectures 15 and 16. Chemical foundations Catabolism Biosynthesis Chapter 8 Topics in lectures 15 and 16 Metabolism Chemical foundations Catabolism Biosynthesis 1 Metabolism Chemical Foundations Enzymes REDOX Catabolism Pathways Anabolism Principles and pathways 2 Chemical

More information

Chapter 8. Metabolism. Topics in lectures 15 and 16. Chemical foundations Catabolism Biosynthesis

Chapter 8. Metabolism. Topics in lectures 15 and 16. Chemical foundations Catabolism Biosynthesis Chapter 8 Topics in lectures 15 and 16 Metabolism Chemical foundations Catabolism Biosynthesis 1 Metabolism Chemical Foundations Enzymes REDOX Catabolism Pathways Anabolism Principles and pathways 2 Enzymes

More information

Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life

Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. The Metabolism of Microbes metabolism all chemical

More information

Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition

Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition Talaro Chapter 8 An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction

More information

Ch 07. Microbial Metabolism

Ch 07. Microbial Metabolism Ch 07 Microbial Metabolism SLOs Differentiate between metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism. Fully describe the structure and function of enzymes. Differentiate between constitutive and regulated enzymes.

More information

Chapter 5. Microbial Metabolism

Chapter 5. Microbial Metabolism Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism Metabolism Collection of controlled biochemical reactions that take place within a microbe Ultimate function of metabolism is to reproduce the organism Metabolic Processes

More information

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? CHAPTER 3 ESSENTIALS OF METABOLISM WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? It is important to have a basic understanding of metabolism because it governs the survival and growth of microorganisms The growth of microorganisms

More information

Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition

Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition Talaro Chapter 8 To run the animations you must be in Slideshow View. Use the buttons on the animation to play, pause, and turn

More information

Ch. 9 Cell Respiration. Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53)

Ch. 9 Cell Respiration. Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53) Ch. 9 Cell Respiration Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53) Essential question: How do cells use stored chemical energy in organic molecules and to generate ATP? Title: Oct 15 3:28 PM (2 of 53) Title: Oct 19

More information

Growth. Principles of Metabolism. Principles of Metabolism 1/18/2011. The role of ATP energy currency. Adenosine triphosphate

Growth. Principles of Metabolism. Principles of Metabolism 1/18/2011. The role of ATP energy currency. Adenosine triphosphate Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth Principles of Metabolism Cells (including your own) must: Synthesize new components (anabolism/biosynthesis) Harvest energy and convert it to a usable form (catabolism)

More information

Chapter 8. An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism

Chapter 8. An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism Chapter 8 An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism The metabolism of microbes Metabolism sum of all chemical reactions that help cells function Two types of chemical reactions: Catabolism -degradative;

More information

Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation*

Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation* Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. Life Is Work

More information

Chemical Energy. Valencia College

Chemical Energy. Valencia College 9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Valencia College 9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Chapter objectives: How Does Glucose Oxidation Release Chemical Energy? What Are the Aerobic Pathways of

More information

Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy

Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy for cellular work (ATP) 3. Importance of electrons and

More information

A cell has enough ATP to last for about three seconds.

A cell has enough ATP to last for about three seconds. Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Energy and carbon sources in living cells 2. Sources of cellular ATP 3. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy for cellular

More information

7/5/2014. Microbial. Metabolism. Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying. Metabolism. Metabolism: Overview

7/5/2014. Microbial. Metabolism. Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying. Metabolism. Metabolism: Overview PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University Basic Chemical Reactions Underlying Metabolism Metabolism C H A P T E R 5 Microbial Metabolism Collection

More information

3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP]

3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP] 3.7 Cell respiration ( Chapter 9 in Campbell's book) 3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP] Organic compounds store

More information

Microbial Metabolism. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R

Microbial Metabolism. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R 5 Microbial Metabolism Big Picture: Metabolism Metabolism is the buildup and breakdown of nutrients

More information

Chapter 9 Notes. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Chapter 9 Notes. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chapter 9 Notes Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Objectives Distinguish between fermentation and anaerobic respiration. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the cell

More information

ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing highenergy Phosphate bonds Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates

More information

Respiration. Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7

Respiration. Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7 How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs: live on

More information

Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7

Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7 How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Respiration Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs:

More information

How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7. Respiration

How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7. Respiration How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Respiration Organisms classified on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs: live on organic compounds

More information

Enzymes and Metabolism

Enzymes and Metabolism PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky Enzymes and Metabolism Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb 1 Protein Macromolecules composed of combinations

More information

In glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. If the pyruvate is reduced to lactate, the pathway does not require O 2 and is called anaerobic

In glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. If the pyruvate is reduced to lactate, the pathway does not require O 2 and is called anaerobic Glycolysis 1 In glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. If the pyruvate is reduced to lactate, the pathway does not require O 2 and is called anaerobic glycolysis. If this pyruvate is converted instead

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration 1. To perform cell work, cells require energy. a. A cell does three main kinds of work: i. Mechanical work, such as the beating of cilia, contraction of muscle cells, and movement

More information

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following statements concerning anabolic reactions is FALSE? A. They are generally endergonic. B. They usually require ATP. C. They are part of metabolism. D.

More information

8.1 The Metabolism of Microbes. Enzymes: Catalyzing the Chemical Reactions of Life

8.1 The Metabolism of Microbes. Enzymes: Catalyzing the Chemical Reactions of Life Chapter 8- An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need

More information

Concept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Several processes are central to cellular respiration and related pathways

Concept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Several processes are central to cellular respiration and related pathways Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the chimpanzee, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms that eat plants Energy

More information

Energy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism)

Energy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism) Energy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism) Large food molecules contain a lot of potential energy in the form of chemical bonds but it requires a lot of work to liberate the energy. Cells need

More information

Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways In General

Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways In General Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy A. Obtaining Energy and Electrons from Glucose Lecture Series 12 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy B. An Overview: Releasing Energy from Glucose

More information

4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5

4. Which step shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules? a. 2. d. 5 1. Which of the following statements about NAD + is false? a. NAD + is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. b. NAD + has more chemical energy than NADH. c. NAD + is reduced

More information

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.9 - RESPIRATION.

BIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.9 - RESPIRATION. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: REDOX REACTIONS Redox reaction a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another Oxidation loss of electrons Reduction gain of electrons

More information

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9 9.1 Metabolic pathways that release energy are exergonic and considered catabolic pathways. Fermentation: partial degradation of sugars that occurs

More information

CLASS 11 th. Respiration in Plants

CLASS 11 th. Respiration in Plants CLASS 11 th 01. Introduction All living cells require continuous supply of energy to perform various vital activities. This energy is released in controlled manner for cellular use via the process of respiration.

More information

Plant Respiration. Exchange of Gases in Plants:

Plant Respiration. Exchange of Gases in Plants: Plant Respiration Exchange of Gases in Plants: Plants do not have great demands for gaseous exchange. The rate of respiration in plants is much lower than in animals. Large amounts of gases are exchanged

More information

2/25/2013. The Mechanism of Enzymatic Action

2/25/2013. The Mechanism of Enzymatic Action 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions Metabolism: The sum of the chemical reactions in an organism Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions Catabolism:

More information

Metabolism. Chapter 5. Catabolism Drives Anabolism 8/29/11. Complete Catabolism of Glucose

Metabolism. Chapter 5. Catabolism Drives Anabolism 8/29/11. Complete Catabolism of Glucose 8/29/11 Metabolism Chapter 5 All of the reactions in the body that require energy transfer. Can be divided into: Cell Respiration and Metabolism Anabolism: requires the input of energy to synthesize large

More information

III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular

III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular III. 6. Test. Respiració cel lular Chapter Questions 1) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? A) anabolic pathways B) catabolic pathways

More information

How Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 7

How Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 7 7.1 Overview of Carbohydrate Breakdown Pathways All organisms (including photoautotrophs) convert chemical energy of organic compounds to chemical energy of

More information

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy You should be able to: 1. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. Name and describe the three stages of cellular respiration;

More information

7 Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

7 Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy 7 Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy How Does Glucose Oxidation Release Chemical Energy? What Are the Aerobic Pathways of Glucose Metabolism? How Is Energy Harvested

More information

Class XI Chapter 14 Respiration in Plants Biology. 1. It is a biochemical process. 1. It is a physiochemical process.

Class XI Chapter 14 Respiration in Plants Biology. 1. It is a biochemical process. 1. It is a physiochemical process. Question 1: Differentiate between (a) Respiration and Combustion (b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle (c) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation (a) Respiration and combustion Respiration Combustion 1. It is a

More information

Independent Study Guide Metabolism I. Principles of metabolism (section 6.1) a. Cells must: (figure 6.1) i. Synthesize new components

Independent Study Guide Metabolism I. Principles of metabolism (section 6.1) a. Cells must: (figure 6.1) i. Synthesize new components Independent Study Guide Metabolism I. Principles of metabolism (section 6.1) a. Cells must: (figure 6.1) i. Synthesize new components (anabolism/biosynthesis) ii. Harvest energy and convert it to a usable

More information

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

More information

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration To perform their many tasks, living cells require energy from outside sources. Energy stored in food utimately comes from the sun. Photosynthesis makes the raw materials

More information

Ch 9: Cellular Respiration

Ch 9: Cellular Respiration Ch 9: Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration An overview Exergonic reactions and catabolic pathway Energy stored in bonds of food molecules is transferred to ATP Cellular respiration provides the energy

More information

7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION

More information

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 9: Cellular Respiration - Fermentation: Life is Work

BIOLOGY 101. CHAPTER 9: Cellular Respiration - Fermentation: Life is Work BIOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 9: Cellular Respiration - Fermentation: Life is Work An Introduction to Metabolism: Energy of Life 8.3 ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions

More information

Question 1: Differentiate between (a) Respiration and Combustion (b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle (c) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation (a) Respiration and combustion Respiration Combustion 1. It is a

More information

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources

Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the giant panda, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other

More information

Cellular Respiration. Cellular Respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O > 6CO 2 + 6H energy. Heat + ATP. You need to know this!

Cellular Respiration. Cellular Respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O > 6CO 2 + 6H energy. Heat + ATP. You need to know this! Cellular Respiration LISA Biology Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 - - - - - > 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + energy You need to know this! Heat + ATP 1 Did that equation look familiar? * The equation for cellular

More information

Cellular Respiration. Overview of Cellular Respiration. Lecture 8 Fall Overview of Cellular Respiration. Overview of Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Overview of Cellular Respiration. Lecture 8 Fall Overview of Cellular Respiration. Overview of Cellular Respiration Overview of Cellular Respiration 1 Cellular Respiration Lecture 8 Fall 2008 All organisms need ATP to do cellular work Cellular Respiration: The conversion of chemical energy of carbon compounds into another

More information

Biological Science 101 General Biology

Biological Science 101 General Biology Lecture Seven: Cellular Respiration Ch. 9, Pgs. 163-181 Figs. 9.2-9.20 Biological Science 101 General Biology Cellular Respiration: - A series of processes that is involved in converting food to energy

More information

Unit 2: Metabolic Processes

Unit 2: Metabolic Processes How is energy obtained biologically? Recall: Red Ox Reactions Unit 2: Metabolic Processes Oxidation Is the chief mechanism by which chemical potential energy is released This energy comes from reduced

More information

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 -----> 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + energy (heat and ATP) 1. Energy Capacity to move or change matter Forms of energy are important to life include Chemical, radiant (heat

More information

Biochemistry 7/11/ Bio-Energetics & ATP. 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM

Biochemistry 7/11/ Bio-Energetics & ATP. 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM Biochemistry 5. Bio-Energetics & ATP 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Prof. Dr. Klaus Heese OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. The food we eat, (carbohydrates/ glucose /sugar, lipids/fat, proteins),

More information

Introduction. Living is work. To perform their many tasks, cells must bring in energy from outside sources.

Introduction. Living is work. To perform their many tasks, cells must bring in energy from outside sources. Introduction Living is work. To perform their many tasks, cells must bring in energy from outside sources. In most ecosystems, energy enters as sunlight. Light energy trapped in organic molecules is available

More information

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with

More information

CH 7: Cell Respiration and Fermentation Overview. Concept 7.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels

CH 7: Cell Respiration and Fermentation Overview. Concept 7.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels CH 7: Cell Respiration and Fermentation Overview Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms Energy flows into

More information

Introduction to Metabolism Cell Structure and Function

Introduction to Metabolism Cell Structure and Function Introduction to Metabolism Cell Structure and Function Cells can be divided into two primary types prokaryotes - Almost all prokaryotes are bacteria eukaryotes - Eukaryotes include all cells of multicellular

More information

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2006-2007 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP 2006-2007 Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats,

More information

OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM

OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM Biochemistry 5. Bio-Energetics & ATP 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. The food we eat, (carbohydrates/ glucose /sugar, lipids/fat, proteins), are our only source

More information

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration

More information

Releasing Chemical Energy

Releasing Chemical Energy Releasing Chemical Energy Ø Energy From Carbohydrates Ø Aerobic Respiration/ Stages Ø Fermentation Ø Food as a Source of Energy How Do Cells Access the Chemical Energy in Carbohydrayes? Aerobic Respiration

More information

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Metabolism PowerPoint Lecture Slides for MICROBIOLOGY ROBERT W. BAUMAN Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism Microbial Metabolism The sum total of chemical reactions that take place within cells (of an organism) Metabolic

More information

BIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson

BIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Figure 9.2 Light energy

More information

3.2 Aerobic Respiration

3.2 Aerobic Respiration 3.2 Aerobic Respiration Aerobic Cellular Respiration Catabolic pathways Breaks down energy-rich compounds to make ATP Requires oxygen Occurs in different parts of the cell C 6 H 12 O 6 (s) + 6O 2 (g) 6CO

More information

Cellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored in the form of ATP

Cellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored in the form of ATP Cellular Respiration Notes Chapter 7 How Cells Make ATP Energy Releasing Pathways Cellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored

More information

AP BIOLOGY Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration =

AP BIOLOGY Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration = 1 AP BIOLOGY Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration = Day 1 p. I. Overview A. Cellular Respiration 1. Respiration breathing, exchange of O 2 for CO 2 2. Cellular respiration aerobic harvesting of energy from food

More information

Cellular Respiration. How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

Cellular Respiration. How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!! Cellular Respiration How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!! Useable Energy Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) Adenosine Ribose Sugar 3 Phosphates November 27, 2017 November 27, 2017 Where do our cells get energy?

More information

Section B: The Process of Cellular Respiration

Section B: The Process of Cellular Respiration CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY Section B: The Process of Cellular Respiration 1. Respiration involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport: an overview 2. Glycolysis

More information

Marah Bitar. Bayan Abusheikha ... Anas Abu-Humaidan

Marah Bitar. Bayan Abusheikha ... Anas Abu-Humaidan 5 Marah Bitar Bayan Abusheikha... Anas Abu-Humaidan Bacterial Metabolism -Metabolism has two components, catabolism and anabolism. -Catabolism encompasses processes that harvest energy released from the

More information

2/4/17. Cellular Metabolism. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell.

2/4/17. Cellular Metabolism. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Metabolism Cellular Metabolism Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Can be reactions that break things down. (Catabolism) Or reactions that build things up. (Anabolism)

More information

Chapter-5 Respiration in Plants Very Short Answers Questions: 1. Different substrates get oxidized during respiration. How does respiratory quotient (RQ) indicate which type of substrate i.e. carbohydrate,

More information

Chapter Seven (Cellular Respiration)

Chapter Seven (Cellular Respiration) Chapter Seven (Cellular Respiration) 1 SECTION ONE: GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY Cellular respiration is the process in which cells make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by breaking

More information

What is Respiration? The process of respiration is where organisms convert chemical energy into cellular energy, which is known as ATP. Adenine Ribose P P P Cellular Respiration high energy sugar low energy

More information

3. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic in terms of cell respiration. Outline the general process of both.

3. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic in terms of cell respiration. Outline the general process of both. 3.7 Cell Respiration 1. Define cell respiration. Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic molecules in cells to form ATP. 2. State the equation for the process of cell respiration.

More information

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Living cells require energy from outside sources Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and

More information

BIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation. Concept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels

BIOLOGY. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation. Concept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates

More information

Biology Kevin Dees. Chapter 9 Harvesting Chemical Energy: Cellular Respiration

Biology Kevin Dees. Chapter 9 Harvesting Chemical Energy: Cellular Respiration Chapter 9 Harvesting Chemical Energy: Cellular Respiration Life is Work!!! Biology Kevin Dees Catabolic pathways and ATP production Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down large molecules into

More information

Name Class Date. 1. Cellular respiration is the process by which the of "food"

Name Class Date. 1. Cellular respiration is the process by which the of food Name Class Date Cell Respiration Introduction Cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP. Carbohydrates,

More information

10/25/2010 CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Life is Work. Types of cellular respiration. Catabolic pathways = oxidizing fuels

10/25/2010 CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Life is Work. Types of cellular respiration. Catabolic pathways = oxidizing fuels CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Life is Work Living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks: Chemical work Transport work Mechanical work Energy stored in the

More information

Glycolysis. Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis. Cellular Respiration Glucose is the preferred carbohydrate of cells. In solution, it can change from a linear chain to a ring. Energy is stored in the bonds of the carbohydrates. Breaking these bonds releases that energy.

More information

What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP

What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP ATP Chapter 8 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP Flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Energy is stored in organic compounds Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins Heterotrophs eat

More information

Cellular Respiration. Unit 5: Plants, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Unit 5: Plants, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Unit 5: Plants, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration Overview! Organisms obtain energy (ATP) by breaking down (catabolic pathway, exergonic reaction) organic molecules (glucose)

More information

2) The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidationreduction

2) The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidationreduction Campbell Biology in Focus (Urry) Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex

More information

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work. Living cells. Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work. Living cells. Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells Require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks Biology, 7 th Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece The

More information

Structure of the Mitochondrion. Cell Respiration. Cellular Respiration. Catabolic Pathways. Photosynthesis vs. Cell Respiration ATP 10/14/2014

Structure of the Mitochondrion. Cell Respiration. Cellular Respiration. Catabolic Pathways. Photosynthesis vs. Cell Respiration ATP 10/14/2014 Structure of the Mitochondrion Cellular Respiration Chapter 9 Pgs. 163 183 Enclosed by a double membrane Outer membrane is smooth Inner, or cristae, membrane is folded - this divides the mitochondrion

More information

CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Xe - + Y X + Ye - CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + energy. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy SUMMARY EQUATION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Xe - + Y X + Ye - CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + energy. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy SUMMARY EQUATION AP BIOLOGY CELLULAR ENERGETICS ACTIVITY #2 NAME DATE HOUR CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION STEPWISE REDOX REACTION Oxidation: Reduction: Xe - + Y X + Ye - CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + energy C 6 H 12

More information

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP

Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2006-2007 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP 2006-2007 Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats,

More information

Campbell Biology 9. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation. Chul-Su Yang, Ph.D., Lecture on General Biology 1

Campbell Biology 9. Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation. Chul-Su Yang, Ph.D., Lecture on General Biology 1 Lecture on General Biology 1 Campbell Biology 9 th edition Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chul-Su Yang, Ph.D., chulsuyang@hanyang.ac.kr Infection Biology Lab., Dept. of Molecular & Life

More information

Lesson Objective: By the end of the lesson (s), I can: Vocabulary: Lesson Question: Focus Question: Overarching questions:

Lesson Objective: By the end of the lesson (s), I can: Vocabulary: Lesson Question: Focus Question: Overarching questions: Lesson Objective: By the end of the lesson (s), I can: Vocabulary: 1. Describe the process of cell respiration, including reactants and products, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport

More information

ATP. Principles of Energy Harvest. Chapter 9~ The point is to make ATP! Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy. What s the point?

ATP. Principles of Energy Harvest. Chapter 9~ The point is to make ATP! Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy. What s the point? Chapter 9~ Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy What s the point? The point is to make! 2006-2007 Principles of Energy Harvest Catabolic pathway Fermentation Cellular Respiration C6H126 + 62

More information

Reading Assignments. A. Energy and Energy Conversions. Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. gasoline) or elevated mass.

Reading Assignments. A. Energy and Energy Conversions. Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. gasoline) or elevated mass. Lecture Series 9 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy Reading Assignments Review Chapter 3 Energy, Catalysis, & Biosynthesis Read Chapter 13 How Cells obtain Energy from Food Read Chapter 14

More information

Cellular Respiration. Objectives

Cellular Respiration. Objectives Lecture 07 Objectives At the end of this series of lectures, you should be able to: Define terms. Compare the processes and locations of cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Explain how breathing and

More information