7-2 : Plasma Membrane and Cell Structures
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1 7-2 : Plasma Membrane and Cell Structures Plasma Membrane of aveolar sac But first...
2 Let s Review What is cell theory? Light microscopes vs. electron microscopes Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic
3 Basic Cell Structures Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleus Cytoplasm
4 VOCABULARY Chromatin Chromosome Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Cytoskeleton Microtubule Microfilament Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosome Vacuole Chloroplast Mitochondrion Ribosome
5 Plasma Membrane Boundary between cell and environment
6 Allows for nutrients to enter and exit cell Maintains cell s homeostasis Nerve cell plasma membrane
7 How does plasma membrane maintain homeostasis? Selective permeability Allows certain molecules in while keeping others out Water usually enters/exits cells freely Ion (e.g. Ca and Na) allowed in at certain times
8 Structure of PM Composed of 2 layers of phospholipids (oh no not again!)
9 Phospholipids Hydrophilic head (outside of cell) Hydrophobic tail (inside of cell) These form a barrier and do not allow water- soluble molecules to pass through
10 Fluid mosaic Thin flexible layer
11 What else is in the plasma Cholesterol membrane? Aids in phospholipid stability by preventing them to stick together Proteins Transport proteins Help with allowing nutrients come in and wastes exit cell Cell identification Cell structure and support
12 Cytoplasm Material inside the cell membrane but not including the nucleus Cytoplasm
13
14 Cell Wall Found in some cells, including plants, algae, fungi, and nearly all prokaryotes (NOT animal cells)
15 Surrounds the cell membrane (allows water and gases to pass through) Provides support and protection for the cell
16 Nucleus Nucleus (pl. Nuclei) Large structure that contains the genetic information (DNA) and controls the cell s activities
17 DNA contains the instructions for making proteins *the nucleus is important because making proteins is one of the main functions of cells ay W to go DNA!
18 CHROMATIN & CHROMOSOMES: Chromatin: DNA chain wound around a protein visible DNA (looks granular is spread throughout the nucleus) Chromosomes: when a cell divides, chromatin continues to condense into these structures these are distinct structures
19
20 NUCLEOLUS: Dense region inside most nuclei (looks darker) Ribosome assembly begins here NUCLEAR ENVELOPE: Double-membrane layer which surrounds nucleus Thousands of pores allow material into and out of the nucleus
21 Nucleus
22 Cytoskeleton Network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain shape & move around Help in cell division!!!
23
24
25 Ribosomes Ribosomes are made of RNA & protein Proteins are assembled (made) here Proteins are produced following the specific code in DNA
26 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER): Some proteins are modified Components of the cell membrane are assembled ROUGH ER: ribosomes on the ER make proteins & these new proteins move into the ER where they may be chemically modified SMOOTH ER: no ribosomes; contains specialized enzymes that perform specific tasks (ex: make lipids)
27 hat s missing??
28 Fake Picture Real Picture
29 GOLGI APPARATUS: Proteins produced by Rough ER ribosomes move into these sac-like structures Enzymes attach carbohydrates & lipids to the proteins These proteins are then sent to their final destination
30 Lysosomes Filled with digestive enzymes: break down carbo s, lipids, & proteins for use by cell Break down old cells
31 Store materials like water, salts, proteins, & carbo s for the cell Large central vacuole in plants is the reason plants are rigid! Vacuoles
32 PLANTS ONLY! Use energy from sun to make glucose (photosynthesis) Visible stacks of membranes
33
34 Mitochondria Release energy from food cell uses that energy to power growth, movement, etc.
35
36 Cilia and Flagella Aid in locomotion or feeding
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