releasing heat. acting as a catalyst. lowering the free energy of the reaction. releasing free energy that can be coupled to other reactions.

Transcription

1 ellular Energetics Review Game 1 n exergonic (spontaneous) reaction is a chemical reaction that 2 TP serves as a common energy source for organisms because its energy can be easily transferred to do cellular work. In general, the hydrolysis of TP drives cellular work by 3 releasing heat. acting as a catalyst. lowering the free energy of the reaction. releasing free energy that can be coupled to other reactions. Which of the following is NOT an example of the cellular work accomplished with the free energy derived from the hydrolysis of TP? 4 is common in anabolic pathways. cannot occur outside of a living cell. leads to a decrease in the entropy of the universe. releases energy when proceeding in the forward direction. mechanical work, such as the beating of cilia chemical work, such as the synthesis of a new protein the production of heat, which raises the temperature of the cell transport work, such as the active transport of an ion into a cell Most of the electron carriers (NH and FH2) that deliver electrons to the electron transport chain come from which of the following? glycolysis the citric acid cycle oxidative phosphorylation substrate-level phosphorylation 10/27/2015 9:30:45 M Page 1

2 ellular Energetics Review Game 5 In the overall process of glycolysis and cellular respiration, is oxidized and is reduced. 6 uring aerobic respiration, molecular oxygen (O2) is used for which of the following purposes? 7 TP... oxygen glucose... TP glucose... oxygen carbon dioxide... water at the end of glycolysis to oxidize pyruvate as a source of O2 in every reaction that produces O2 at the end of the citric acid cycle to regenerate citric acid at the end of the electron transport chain to accept electrons and form H2O In an experiment, mice were fed glucose (6H12O6) containing a small amount of radioactive carbon (carbon-14). The mice were closely monitored, and in a few minutes radioactive carbon atoms showed up in which compound? TP water oxygen gas carbon dioxide 10/27/2015 9:30:45 M Page 2

3 ellular Energetics Review Game 8 If muscle cells in the human body consume O2 faster than it can be supplied, the cells will not be able to carry out oxidative phosphorylation and switch to fermentation. Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which pyruvate is reduced by electrons from NH to form lactate or alcohol and carbon dioxide. This last step enables the cell to recycle N+. prevents pyruvate from accumulating. extracts a bit more energy from glucose. enables the cell to make pyruvate into substances it can use. 9 How many molecules of TP are gained by substrate-level phosphorylation from the complete breakdown of a single molecule of glucose in the presence of oxygen? 10 chemist has discovered a drug that blocks phosphoglucoisomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in glycolysis. He wants to use the drug to kill bacteria in people with infections. This is a bad idea because 11 glycolysis can occur without the action of enzymes. glycolysis produces so little TP that the drug will have little effect. bacteria are prokaryotes; they usually don't need to perform glycolysis. human cells must also perform glycolysis; the drug might also kill humans. In green plants, most of the TP for synthesis of proteins, cytoplasmic streaming, and other cellular activities comes directly from the alvin cycle. oxidative phosphorylation. cyclic photophosphorylation. noncyclic photophosphorylation. 10/27/2015 9:30:45 M Page 3

4 ellular Energetics Review Game 12 elow is an absorption spectrum for an unknown pigment molecule. What color would this pigment appear to you? E 13 M plants differ from 3 and 4 plants in that M plants 14 the synthesis of TP the splitting of water the reduction of NP+ the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I Which of the following processes could still occur in a chloroplast in the presence of an inhibitor that prevents H+ from passing through TP synthase complexes? 16 open their stomata only at night. initially fix carbon using PEP carboxylase. are better adapted to cold, damp conditions. keep their stomata only partially open during the day. ssume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes of the light reactions? 15 violet blue green yellow red the alvin cycle cyclic photophosphorylation oxidation of NPH in the stroma generation of a "proton pressure" in the thylakoid space In an experiment studying photosynthesis performed during the day, you provide a plant with radioactive carbon (14) dioxide as a metabolic tracer. The 14 is incorporated first into oxaloacetic acid (oxaloacetate). The plant is best characterized as a 4 plant. 3 plant. M plant. chemoautotroph. 10/27/2015 9:30:45 M Page 4

5 ellular Energetics Review Game 17 Imagine you had a tiny ph probe that could measure the ph inside a living plant cell. What portion of an illuminated 3 plant cell would you expect to have the lowest ph? 18 Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be 19 nucleus chloroplasts thylakoid spaces stroma of chloroplasts to test for O2 fixation in the dark. to test for production of O2 in the light. to test for production of either sucrose or starch. to do experiments to generate an action spectrum. Soybeans have been genetically modified so that they resist the effect of the herbicide glyphosate. This allows the soybeans to be cultivated without competition. The graph shows the percent of dead cells in samples of wild type and genetically modified soybean leaves at regular intervals after exposure to glyphosate. The values in the graph represent the sample mean ±2 SEM of three simultaneously-conducted experiments. t what time (in hours) did the results of this investigation begin to show a statistically significant difference? 10/27/2015 9:30:45 M Page 5

6 ellular Energetics Review Game 20 The diagram below represents an experiment with isolated chloroplasts. The chloroplasts were first made acidic by soaking them in a solution at ph 4. fter the thylakoid space reached ph 4, the chloroplasts were transferred to a basic solution at ph 8. The chloroplasts are then placed in the dark. Which of these compounds would you expect to be produced? TP G3P NPH TP and NPH 10/27/2015 9:30:45 M Page 6

7 ellular Energetics Review Game Page 7 nswer Key : ellular Energetics Review Game Question: /27/2015 9:30:45 M nswer 4 (+/- 0.0%) 48 (+/- 0.0%)