Chapter 3 Cell Structures & Functions

Transcription

1 Biology 12 Name: Cell Biology Per: Date: Chapter 3 Cell Structures & Functions Complete using BC Biology 12, pages Diagnostic Questions (mark using the answer key on page 527) What is a cell? 10. Identifying cell structures Combo of A, B & C D. E. F. Combo of G & H I. K. *key is wrong 13. Macromolecule(s) in the nucleus: L. M. N. O. P. Q The Cellular Level of Organization pages The macromolecules, such as carbohydrates and nucleic acids, discussed in the last chapter are not alive, yet the (a) (b) cell is alive. The cell is the and unit (c) of an organism. It is the smallest unit capable of performing all the functions necessary for 2. History of microscopy: name the scientist that made the following contributions to cell biology 1 2 Across 3 3. Concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells. 5. Made some of the earliest microscopes. 4 Down 5 1. Stated that plants are composed of cells. 2. Stated that animals are made up of living units called cells. 4. First used the term "cell" to refer to the honeycomb structure of cork observed in the microscope.

2 3. The cell theory is a basic theory of biology which states 4. Complete the following table. Cube side length Surface Area (6s 2 ) Volume (l x w x h) SA:V Ratio 1 cm 2 cm 3 cm 4 cm 5. Using the information from the table above, explain why humans are made up of trillions of small cells instead of just big one. 6. Why are there some cells that are much larger, even visible to the human eye, such as a chicken egg? 7. Give an example of a modification utilized by cells that specialize in absorption. Edmodo Assignment! Read Scientific Inquiry: Microscopy Today page 68 and answer the questions below on Edmodo when asked to. 1. Name 3 types of microscopes in order from lowest to highest magnification. 2. Give an advantage of a light microscope over an electron microscope. 3. Give an advantage of a SEM over a TEM. 4. Why are electron micrographs always in black and white (or artificially coloured)?

3 3.2 Eukaryotic Cells pages All cells are surrounded by a (a) consisting of a (b) embedded with (c) molecules. 9. Describe the composition of cytoplasm. 10. Define organelle: 11. Identify the organelles on the following diagram. Use Figure 3.3 on page 70 to help. 12. Match the functions of the organelles to their correct descriptions. cytoskeleton A. cellular respiration (production of energy) Golgi apparatus mitochondria nucleus peroxisomes plasma membrane ribosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum B. shape of cell and movement of its parts C. lipid synthesis, tasks vary depending on type of cell D. regulates molecule passage into and out of cells E. storage of substances F. folding, modification, and transport of proteins G. processing, packaging and distribution of proteins and lipids H. various metabolic tasks smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. protein synthesis vacuoles and vesicles J. storage of genetic information; synthesis of DNA and RNAhe Cytoskeleton pages 77-80

4 13. Briefly describe the specific parts of the nucleus chromatin: chromosomes: nucleoplasm: nucleolus: nuclear envelope: nuclear pores: 14. Where in the cell are ribosomes found? 15. The endomembrane system consists of the: 16. How does the Golgi apparatus known whether the proteins made at the rough ER belong inside the cell or are to be transported out of the cell? 17. Name three functions of lysosomes. 18. Use Figure 3.7 on page 74 to identify the missing labels in the diagram below.

5 19. Where in the body do we have cells that contain high numbers of peroxisomes? 20. Contrast animal and plant cells (based on organelles or specific organelle functions). Unique to animal cells i. ii. iii. Unique to plant cells i. ii. iii. (a) 21. Plants have which use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates by (b) the process of. This process is described by the equation: 22. Label the chloroplast below with the terms: grana, stroma, and thylakoid 23. Many organisms carry on (a) which is performed within the (b). This process can be represented by the equation: 24. Label the mitochondrion below with the terms: matrix and cristae

6 25. Compare the chloroplast and the mitochondria in the following table. A. Organelle with a double membrane B. Converts solar energy into carbohydrates C. Converts carbohydrates into ATP D. Found in plant cells E. Found in animal cells F. Smaller of the two organelles G. Contain a single circular DNA molecule and ribosomes H. Divide by splitting in two (similar to how bacteria reproduce) I. Thought to play a role in aging J. All come from the female parent Chloroplast Mitochondria 3.3 The Cytoskeleton pages The cytoskeleton is often compared with the (a) and (b) of an animal. However, the cytoskeleton is (c), especially because its protein components can (d) as needed. 27. The cytoskeleton contains three types of proteins. Identify them in the image below. 28. Compare the functions of each of the cytoskeleton components. Actin filaments (microfilaments): i. Interact with motor molecules Intermediate filaments: Microtubules: i. Interact with and motor molecules

7 29. What is the importance of the centrosome to cells? 30. Complete the table below. Use Figures 3.13 and 3.14 to help. Centrioles Cilia & Flagella Microtubule pattern Cross-section drawing Function 3.4 Plasma Membrane Structure & Function pages Draw a basic cross section of a portion of a plasma membrane. Label the following items: A. carbohydrate chain B. cholesterol C. glycolipid D. glycoprotein E. hydrophilic head F. hydrophobic tail G. integral protein H. peripheral protein I. phospholipid 32. Match the following terms and descriptions. carbohydrate chain A. associated with only one side of the plasma membrane cholesterol B. span the membrane and can protrude from one or both sides glycolipid C. regulates the fluidity of the membrane glycoprotein D. can be attached to either the phospholipid heads or proteins integral protein E. protein molecule with a carbohydrate chain attached peripheral protein F. lipid molecule with a carbohydrates chain attached phospholipid G. primary component of the plasma membrane

8 33. Identify the FIVE types of integral proteins based on the diagrams below. Type: Function: Example: Type: Function: Example: Type: Function: Example: Type: Function: Example: Type: Function: Example: 34. Describe why the structure of the plasma membrane is described as a fluid-mosaic model.

9 3.5 The Permeability of the Plasma Membrane pages Why is the plasma membrane better referred to as selectively permeable rather than semi-permeable? 36. Energy is NOT required to transport molecules across the plasma membrane if they are Examples include: 37. Energy is required to transport molecules across the plasma membrane if they are Examples include: 38. While both involve movement from [high] to [low], what is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? 39. Compare the three states of tonicity that may affect a cell. Prefix Meaning Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic Net movement of water (in, out or at equilibrium) Drawing of an animal cell in a solution of this type 40. Are the following terms or descriptions related to isotonic (I), hypotonic (HO), or hypertonic (HE) solutions? A. crenation B. cytolysis C. turgor pressure D. plasmolysis E. 0.9% NaCl intravenous drip F. preserving meats by salting them G. keeping vegetables crisp by spraying them with distilled water

10 41. Biologically useful molecules are able to enter and exit the cell at a rapid rate because of proteins in the membrane. These proteins are believed to undergo a moves the molecule across the membrane. 42. Define the two categories of transport facilitated: that active: 43. Why are proteins involved in active transport often called pumps? 44. Vesicles must be used to move macromolecules across the plasma membrane. The process of moving large (a) substances out of the cell is called while the process of moving substances (b) into the cell is called. 45. Name the three ways large substances can enter a cell. Then briefly describe the process in terms of an area of the body where it occurs, or what substances are brought in this way, etc. Description Description Description

11 Edmodo Assignment! Read Osmotic Balance in Salmon article on page 89 and answer the questions below on Edmodo when asked to. 1. Define anadromous and smoltification. 2. Answer book question #2. 3. Describe in moderate detail what happens to a salmon as it returns to its natal stream to spawn. Chapter 3 Review Questions pages Only one possible answer for each (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) _ 32. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) Name all Show your work 3:1 4:3 3:2

12 Hypotonic: Hypertonic: Test tube 1 Test tube 2 Test tube * incorrect answer key, look at answer for # Mark the review questions using the answer key on pages Extra practice for QUIZ (will not be marked as part of this assignment). See how many of these organelles you know. Some are duplicated and there may be some that are hard to identify so just name as many as you can. A B C D E F G H I J K - L M N O P Q